HAS THE FREQUENCY OF DENTAL TRAUMA AND MOUTHGUARD USE IN ELITE HANDBALL PLAYERS CHANGED SINCE 2005?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i12.2022.4945Keywords:
Dental Trauma, Mouthguard, HandballAbstract [English]
Background: The study on the incidence of dental trauma and the use of mouthguards in 2005 revealed that handball players in Turkey do not use mouthguards. This current study evaluates the changes up to 2021 and evaluates today's athletes' attitudes toward using mouthguards.
Methods: The data were collected from 68 professional handball players through a questionnaire. The same questions of the 2005 study were asked concerning the incidence of dental trauma and mouthguard use. In addition, today's handball players' attitudes toward using mouthguards were also investigated. The data were analyzed with Minitab 17. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare quantitative data. Fisher's exact test was used for ratio comparisons (percentage), and the Pearson Chi-Square test was used to distribute categorical data. The statistical significance level was taken as p<0.050.
Results: This study shows that the athletes have experienced minor dental trauma since 2005. However, the difference is not statistically significant (p=0.291). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the distribution of dental injury types in the avulsion, crown fracture, and dislocation between 2005 and 2021 (p=0.431). While 77.4% of the athletes were aware of mouthguards in 2005, this rate has increased to 100% in 2021 (p<0.001). No mouthguard use was reported in the 2005 study, while 29% of the participants in 2021 reported mouthguard usage (p<0.001). The main reason for not wearing a mouthguard for the 2005 participants was lack of information, while in 2021, it was fear of speaking or breathing difficulties (p<0.001)
Conclusions: Dental trauma remains a severe problem for handball players. It is pleasing that professional handball players in Turkey have started to use mouthguards. Dentists and sports managers should work together to reduce the frequency of dental trauma and prevent possible adverse effects.
Downloads
References
Ahmed, I., and Fine, P. (2021). ‘Injury Prevention Versus Performance’: Has The Time Come to Mandate The Use of Mouthguards in All Contact Sports? BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 7(1), E000828. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000828. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000828
Amis, T., Di Somma, E., Bacha, F., and Wheatley, J. (2000). Influence of Intra-Oral Maxillary Sports Mouthguards on The Airflow Dynamics of Oral Breathing: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(2), 284. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200002000-00006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200002000-00006
Ashley, P., Di Iorio, A., Cole, E., Tanday, A., and Needleman, I. (2015). Oral Health of Elite Athletes and Association With Performance: A Systematic Review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093617
Barbic, D., Pater, J., and Brison, R. J. (2005). Comparison of Mouth Guard Designs and Concussion Prevention In Contact Sports: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 15(5), 294-298. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jsm.0000171883.74056.21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jsm.0000171883.74056.21
Bemelmanns, P., and Pfeiffer, P. (2000). Häufigkeit Von Zahn-, Mund- Und Kieferverletzungen Und Bewährung Von Mundschutzen Bei Spitzensportlern. Sportverletzung · Sportschaden, 14(4), 139-143. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-8950. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-8950
Bergman, L., Milardović Ortolan, S., Žarković, D., Viskić, J., Jokić, D., and Mehulić, K. (2017). Prevalence of Dental Trauma and Use of Mouthguards in Professional Handball Players. Dental Traumatology, 33(3), 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12323
Boffano, P., Boffano, M., Gallesio, C., Roccia, F., Cignetti, R., and Piana, R. (2012). Rugby Athletes’ Awareness And Compliance in the Use of Mouthguards In The North West of Italy: Compliance In the Use of Mouthguards. Dental Traumatology, 28(3), 210-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.01067.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.01067.x
Duarte-Pereira, D. M. V., Del Rey-Santamaria, M., Javierre-Garcs, C., Barbany-Cair, J., Paredes-Garcia, J., Valmaseda-Castelln, E., Berini-Ayts, L., and Gay-Escoda, C. (2008). Wearability and Physiological Effects of Custom-Fitted Vs Self-Adapted Mouthguards. Dental Traumatology, 24(4), 439-442. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00595.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00595.x
Emerich, K., and Kaczmarek, J. (2010). First Aid for Dental Trauma Caused by Sports Activities: State of Knowledge, Treatment and Prevention. Sports Medicine, 40(5), 361-366. https://doi.org/10.2165/11530750-000000000-00000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/11530750-000000000-00000
Federation Dentaire International (FDI). (1990). Commission on Dental Products. Working Party No. 7.
Fernandes, L. M., Neto, J. C. L., Lima, T. F. R., Magno, M. B., Santiago, B. M., Cavalcanti, Y. W., and De Almeida, L. De F. D. (2019). The Use of Mouthguards and Prevalence of Dento-Alveolar Trauma Among Athletes: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Dental Traumatology, 35(1), 54-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12441
Ferrari, C. H., and De Medeiros, J. M. F. (2002). Dental Trauma and Level of Information: Mouthguard Use in Different Contact Sports: Dental Trauma and Mouthguard in Sports. Dental Traumatology, 18(3), 144-147. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2002.00017.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2002.00017.x
Flanders, R. A., and Bhat, M. (1995). The Incidence of Orofacial Injuries In Sports: A Pilot Study In Illinois. The Journal of The American Dental Association, 126(4), 491-496. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1995.0213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1995.0213
Francis, K. T., and Brasher, J. (1991). Physiological Effects of Wearing Mouthguards. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(4), 227-231. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.25.4.227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.25.4.227
Galic, T., Kuncic, D., Poklepovic Pericic, T., Galic, I., Mihanovic, F., Bozic, J., and Herceg, M. (2018). Knowledge and Attitudes About Sports-Related Dental Injuries and Mouthguard Use in Young Athletes in Four Different Contact Sports-Water Polo, Karate, Taekwondo and Handball. Dental Traumatology, 34(3), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12394
Gawlak, D., Mańka-Malara, K., Kamiński, T., Łuniewska, M., and Mierzwińska-Nastalska, E. (2016). Comparative Evaluation of Custom and Standard Boil and Bite (Self-Adapted) Mouthguards and Their Effect on The Functioning of The Oral Cavity. Dental Traumatology, 32(5), 416-420. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12269
Kececi, A. D., Cetin, C., Eroglu, E., and Baydar, M. L. (2005). Do Custom-Made Mouth Guards Have Negative Effects on Aerobic Performance Capacity of Athletes? Dental Traumatology, 21(5), 276-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00354.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00354.x
Kececi, A. D., Eroglu, E., and Baydar, M. L. (2005). Dental Trauma Incidence and Mouthguard Use in Elite Athletes in Turkey. Dental Traumatology, 21(2), 76-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2004.00302.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2004.00302.x
Lang, B., Pohl, Y., and Filippi, A. (2002). Knowledge and Prevention of Dental Trauma in Team Handball in Switzerland and Germany. Dental Traumatology, 18(6), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2002.00123.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2002.00123.x
Levin, L., Friedlander, L. D., and Geiger, S. B. (2003). Dental and Oral Trauma and Mouthguard Use During Sport Activities In Israel: Dental and Oral Trauma and Mouthguard Use During Sport in Israel. Dental Traumatology, 19(5), 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2003.00196.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2003.00196.x
Ma, W. (2008). Basketball Players Experience of Dental Injury and Awareness About Mouthguard in China. Dental Traumatology, 24(4), 430-434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00586.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00586.x
Maestrello, C. L., Mourino, D. A. P., and Farrington, M. F. H. (1999). Dentists’ Attitudes Towards Mouthguard Protection. Pediatric Dentistry.
Newsome, P. R. H., Tran, D. C., and Cooke, M. S. (2001). The Role of the Mouthguard in The Prevention of Sports-Related Dental Injuries: A Review: Prevention of Sports-Related Dental Injuries. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 11(6), 396-404. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7439.2001.00304.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7439.2001.00304.x
Onyeaso, C. O., and Adegbesan, O. A. (2003). Knowledge and Attitudes of Coaches of Secondary School Athletes in Ibadan, Nigeria Regarding Oro-Facial Injuries and Mouthguard Use By the Athletes: Coaches’ View About Oro-Facial Injuries and Mouthguard Use in Sport. Dental Traumatology, 19(4), 204-208. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2003.00163.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2003.00163.x
Ozbay, G., Bakkal, M., Abbasoglu, Z., Demirel, S., Kargul, B., and Welbury, R. (2013). Incidence and Prevention of Traumatic Injuries in Paediatric Handball Players in Istanbul, Turkey. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, 14(1), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-012-0005-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-012-0005-4
Petrović, M., Kühl, S., Šlaj, M., Connert, T., And Filippi, A. (2016). Dental and General Trauma in Team Handball. Swiss Dental Journal, 126(7-8), 682-686.
Pieter, W., Fife, G. P., and O’Sullivan, D. M. (2012). Competition Injuries in Taekwondo: A Literature Review and Suggestions For Prevention and Surveillance. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(7), 485-491. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091011
Ranalli, D.N. (2000). Sports Dentistry In General Practice. General Dentistry, 48, 158-164.
Sane, J. (1988). Comparison of Maxillofacial and Dental Injuries in Four Contact Team Sports: American Football, Bandy, Basketball, and Handball. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 16(6), 647-652. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658801600616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658801600616
Sane, J., and Ylipaavalniemi, P. (1988). Dental Trauma in Contact Team Sports. Dental Traumatology, 4(4), 164-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00316.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00316.x
Seals, R. R., Morrow, R. M., Kuebker, W. A., and Farney, W. D. (1985). An Evaluation of Mouthguard Programs in Texas High School Football. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 110(6), 904-909. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1985.0005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1985.0005
Tiryaki M, and Saygı, G. (2013). Spor Yaralanmalarının Önlenmesinde Ağız Koruyucu Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 23.
Tuna, E. B., and Ozel, E. (2014). Factors Affecting Sports-Related Orofacial Injuries and the Importance of Mouthguards. Sports Medicine, 44(6), 777-783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0167-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0167-9
Using Mouthguards to Reduce The Incidence and Severity of Sports-Related Oral Injuries. (2006). The Journal of the American Dental Association, 137(12), 1712-1720. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0118
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Mehmet Guven, Zeynep Basagaoglu Demirekin, Hatice Sevinç Akça, Erdal Eroglu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
