International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH

FELICITATION OF MEDICAL EXPERTISE IN CANCER THROUGH MACHINE LEARNING MODELS WITH KNOWLEDGE DATA DISCOVERY (KDD)

2025-10-09T06:32:47+00:00

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, posing a significant challenge to modern healthcare systems. Among various types, breast cancer stands out as a major concern. This paper specifically focuses on breast cancer. Breast cancer remains the most diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide and early detection is critical to improve patient outcomes. This research paper presents a supervised machine learning evaluation for breast cancer diagnosis using a clinical features dataset (569 samples, 30 numeric features). After processing of the dataset, comparisons were made with five supervised classifiers such as Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K Nearest Neighbors (K-NN). Evaluations have been done of these models on these parameters such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and ROC-AUC on a stratified test split. Among all, logistic regression achieved the highest ROC-AUC, which is 99.6% and overall accuracy was 97% on the test set, closely followed by SVM and Random Forest. Further, this paper discussed model interpretability, robustness, clinical implications and future scope of improvement.

WOMEN SELF-HELP GROUPS AS VEHICLES OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A PATHWAY TO EMPOWERING MARGINALIZED WOMEN

2025-10-31T05:26:15+00:00

The empowerment of marginalized women is increasingly recognized as a critical dimension of sustainable development, particularly in contexts where socio-economic and cultural barriers restrict their access to education, employment, credit, and decision-making. Social entrepreneurship has emerged as a viable strategy to address these challenges, with microfinance-led Self-Help Groups (SHGs) proving especially effective. This study, examines the role of SHGs as grassroots vehicles of social entrepreneurship that combine financial inclusion with social change. Findings highlight that SHG-based microfinance fosters multidimensional empowerment—economic (income generation and financial independence), social (mobility, decision-making, and community participation), and psychological (self-confidence, autonomy, and agency). Evidence from initiatives such as Grameen Bank, SEWA, and Kudumbashree demonstrates how SHGs evolve into social enterprises that enhance household resilience, promote entrepreneurship, and strengthen community solidarity. However, persistent challenges such as patriarchal norms, financial illiteracy, institutional inadequacies, and mission drift limit their transformative potential. The study argues that empowerment through SHGs is not automatic but contingent upon enabling ecosystems, including gender-sensitive frameworks, capacity-building interventions, and supportive policy environments. It concludes that women-led SHGs, when integrated with education, digital literacy, health, and legal awareness, can move beyond financial tools to become engines of social transformation. Thus, SHGs provide a pathway to inclusive development by repositioning marginalized women as leaders and active agents of change.

EXPLORING NEUROMARKETING TECHNIQUES: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF EYE-TRACKING AND EMOTIONAL ADVERTISING ON FMCG SELF-CARE PRODUCT SELECTION IN BENGALURU

2025-10-31T05:26:13+00:00

In the competitive FMCG market of today, especially in metro cities such as Bengaluru, it has become vital to comprehend what really moves consumer buying behavior. Although price and quality continue to play a role, numerous purchases are indirectly driven by emotional drivers and rapid mental reactions. In addition to these affective factors, visual attention also takes a vital role in which consumers' gaze, duration of their focus, and what attracts their gaze can strongly influence their interest and final decision. Eye-tracking can facilitate the capture of these unconscious viewing habits, enabling one to associate attention with purchasing behavior. This research examines the impact of neuromarketing methods, namely emotional advertising, brand imagery, and eye-tracking, on buying behavior of consumers in purchasing self-care items like soaps, shampoos, and deodorants.
The aim of the research was to evaluate consumer knowledge of neuromarketing and determine the influence of emotional and non-rational components on brand choices and impulse purchases. The sample size was consumers in Bengaluru who regularly bought FMCG self-care items. The sampling unit was independent consumers, who were picked by a probability sampling technique with a simple random sampling method. There were 120 respondents involved in the study via a structured online survey questionnaire.
In conclusion, the research emphasizes the role of emotional involvement and implicit effects in guiding consumer choices in Bengaluru's FMCG self-care market. Brands that adopt neuromarketing strategies such as emotional narrative and eye-tracking responsibly and openly can find a competitive advantage and establish healthier consumer relations. Nonetheless, consumer awareness building and protection of privacy are vital for long-term trust development in such methods.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ABRASIVE FLOW MACHINING ON ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED PARTS WITH VARYING CROSS-SECTION GEOMETRIES

2025-11-04T05:54:28+00:00

Additive manufacturing has become an important production method nowadays and thanks to the developments in this field, it makes it possible to manufacture complex parts with new practical properties. Although additive manufacturing methods make it possible to produce parts with complex geometries, parts produced with additive manufacturing usually have surfaces with a high degree of roughness. Because of the negative effects on the part's fatigue life and stress concentration caused by this rough surface, it limits its usage in industrial applications. To enhance their surface quality, these parts require post-processing. However, this post-processing enhancement cannot be performed with conventional methods due to the complex geometry of the parts produced with additive manufacturing methods. That is why, the abrasive flow machining (AFM) process which, is an option with better results in the surface finishing of AM parts, is used to improve the surface characteristics. On the other hand, in the abrasive flow machining (AFM) process, the effectiveness of material removal tends to decrease in corner regions, particularly when the flow channel geometry involves sharp-edged profiles such as square or hexagonal shapes. In the study, Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) parts produced with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique in square, hexagonal and cylindrical sections created in the same volume were produced and subjected to AFM process and surface improvements on the corners and edges were observed. This study aims to demonstrate, through both analytical and experimental approaches, that the efficiency of the AFM process is reduced at the corners of such geometries while overall surface quality is improved. Furthermore, solution-oriented recommendations are proposed based on the analytical evaluations to enhance process performance in these critical regions.

COMPLETE RESOLUTION OF SUBHYALOID HEMORRHAGE WITH ND: YAG HYALOIDOTOMY: A CASE REPORT

2025-11-04T06:17:37+00:00

Background: Subhyaloid hemorrhage is a vision-threatening condition commonly caused by retinal vascular disorders, trauma, or systemic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Management strategies vary, ranging from observation to surgical interventions. Nd: YAG laser hyaloidotomy has emerged as a minimally invasive therapeutic option that allows for rapid drainage of premacular blood into the vitreous cavity, thus accelerating visual recovery.
Case Presentation: We report the case of a 17-year-old girl who experienced acute, painless vision loss in her right eye after a Valsalva maneuver. Fundus examination revealed a dense, boat-shaped premacular hemorrhage consistent with subhyaloid hemorrhage. Nd: YAG laser hyaloidotomy was performed using a posterior capsulotomy lens and a single 3.5 mJ pulse to puncture the posterior hyaloid face. Immediate drainage of blood into the vitreous cavity was observed. Over a follow-up period of eight weeks, complete resolution of hemorrhage and significant improvement of visual acuity (from counting fingers at 4/60 to 6/6) were documented.
Conclusion: Nd: YAG hyaloidotomy represents an effective, safe, and minimally invasive therapeutic approach for selected cases of subhyaloid hemorrhage. This case underscores the importance of timely intervention in preventing prolonged visual impairment and highlights the role of laser therapy as an alternative to invasive vitreoretinal surgery.

CYBERSECURITY IN ELECTIONS: PROTECTING THE INTEGRITY OF DEMOCRACY

2025-11-05T08:37:07+00:00

Digital technologies have transformed election administration, improving efficiency, accessibility and transparency, while simultaneously introducing new attack surfaces that threaten electoral integrity. This article synthesizes contemporary literature and practice to map the threat landscape, identify systemic vulnerabilities across the electoral lifecycle, review notable incidents, and set out technical, procedural and policy measures for strengthening resilience. Emphasis is placed on a whole-of-society approach that combines technical hardening (defense-in-depth), organizational preparedness (incident response, interagency coordination), and democratic safeguards (transparency, observation, legal frameworks).

MULTIDIMENSIONAL PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE GENUS SYMPLOCOS (SYMPLOCACEAE): A REVIEW

2025-11-05T09:37:28+00:00

The Symplocos genus, comprising more than 300 species of flowering plants, has garnered significant attention in both traditional and modern medicine. This genus, commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, has a rich history of use in traditional medicinal systems worldwide. Extracts from these plants have been employed to treat various ailments, including digestive disorders, diabetes, cancer and respiratory issues. In the realm of modern medicine, Symplocos species have undergone extensive phytochemical analysis. However, to date there is no collective information on the pharmacognostical and pharmacological significance of this genus together. Hence, this review article aims to highlight the phytochemical, ethnobotanical, pharmacognostical, pharmacological and molecular aspects that have been studied in the Symplocos genus for a deeper understanding of recent literature relating to phytochemical and pharmacological attributes of various Symplocos species. Researchers have tapped various bioactive entities, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which contribute to their therapeutic properties. These phytochemical investigations have laid the foundation for further exploration of Symplocos-derived compounds as potential pharmaceutical agents. Pharmacognostical studies in this genus have explored the further characterisation and standardisation of Symplocos extracts, ensuring their quality and safety in medicinal applications. Additionally, pharmacological investigations have provided valuable insights into the mechanism of action of these extracts, revealing their potential in treating various diseases. Notably, Symplocos extracts have displayed anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and gene expression studies have shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the pharmacological effects of Symplocos compounds. This review article emphasises the importance of the Symplocos genus, which holds great medicinal potential, with studies confirming its diverse bioactive compounds and therapeutic properties. The pharmacological and molecular investigations on this genus have provided valuable insights into its mechanisms of action. Continued research in this field holds greater promise of unveiling novel therapeutic agents and expanding novel exposure of their mechanism of action in the discovery of novel drug leads.

BRIDGING NATURE AND CITIES: HARNESSING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FOR URBAN REGENERATION

2025-11-05T10:03:28+00:00

This research paper tries to highlight the importance of the study and analysis of ecosystem services. This paper talks about knowledge of the ecosystem and its utilization for the regeneration of an urban system. These goals are going to be measurable and are based on real situations of the specific site. The system is going to be coined as an analysis of ecosystem Services. The study is crucial because due to rural-to-urban migration, exponential growth in population, and many more factors, the cities are getting huge populations to deal with. These growths have shown many negative impacts on the ecology and ecosystem of the urban areas., The dependency on the ecosystems for survival makes the ecosystem very prone to degradation in quality as well as quantity. Global warming, drastic climate changes, depletion of the ozone layer, and reduction of biodiversity make this topic incredibly significant to study so that we have tools to regenerate our urban areas. The focus of the study is not only to identify but also quantify them, with relevance to cities in India. It is exceedingly difficult to generalize this topic and to go ahead with a “one size fits all “approach. Every city in the world is different and reflects the importance of ecosystem services in a different manner. The ecosystem services and their significance vary from city to city. Cities are vastly different because of the factors that make a city. For example; sociologically the cities have hugely different demographics. They have socio-cultural differences, and the size and area of the cities vary from small cities to urban agglomerations. They have climatic and geographical differences. The paper is concluded with the identification of the ecosystem services and how to utilize them for the regeneration of an urban area.

APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS TO ARCHITECTURE

2025-11-05T10:26:26+00:00

Differential calculus constitutes a fundamental mathematical tool in contemporary architectural design and analysis. This documentary research examines the practical applications of differential calculus in architecture, demonstrating how abstract mathematical concepts transform into tangible constructive solutions. The study analyzes the application of mathematical limits to establish design restrictions, guarantee structural safety, and optimize the behavior of high-rise buildings and complex geometries. Derivatives emerge as crucial analytical instruments for calculating curvatures, optimizing organic structures, and analyzing energy efficiency in emblematic works such as the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao. Differential geometry enables the modeling of complex surfaces and non-Euclidean spaces, while integrals facilitate the quantification of geometric properties, structural load analysis, and optimization of thermal behavior in sustainable buildings. The document also explores advanced applications such as multiple integrals, Gaussian series, partial derivatives, and Lebesgue measure theory, evidencing their relevance in parametric design and computational architecture. The results demonstrate that mastery of differential calculus not only improves the technical precision of architectural design but also expands the frontiers of creativity, enabling architects to create habitable, safe, and aesthetically innovative spaces that respond with scientific rigor to contemporary social and environmental needs.