International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH

PSYCHOLOGICAL COSTS OF ACADEMIC SUCCESS: EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF SHADOW EDUCATION ON CHILDREN'S MENTAL HEALTH

Sachin Kumar Kumar — 2025-09-25

Shadow education, referring to the supplemental, private tutoring provided outside the formal school system has become a global phenomenon. While it aims to improve academic performance, its impact on children’s mental health has raised significant concerns. This paper examines the psychological effects of shadow education on children, exploring issues such as stress, anxiety, pressure to perform, and reduced leisure time. Drawing upon a range of international studies, the paper analyzes the mechanisms through which shadow education contributes to mental health challenges, highlighting the paradox between academic achievement and emotional wellbeing. It also discusses potential interventions to reduce the negative consequences of shadow education, emphasizing the importance of a harmonious blend of learning strategies.

CRYPTOCURRENCY REGULATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR VIETNAM

Nguyen Tung Lam — 2025-09-25

The paper analyses how mature regulatory regimes in the European Union, Japan, the United States govern cryptocurrencies and distils lessons that can shape a coherent, innovation-friendly yet risk-aware framework for Vietnam, where regulation is still fragmented and largely prohibitive.
Adopting a socio-legal methodology, the dissertation combines doctrinal review of statutes and policy papers with comparative, case-study, and policy-oriented analysis. Legal instruments, enforcement actions and market outcomes in benchmark jurisdictions are systematically compared to Vietnam’s current rules. Qualitative content drawn from legislation, court cases, and expert commentaries is triangulated to identify regulatory gaps and best-practice components.
Vietnam recognises crypto-assets as property and enforces rigorous AML rules, yet its regime is fragmented: payment bans, scant consumer protection and no regulatory sandbox stifle innovation and competitiveness. Comparative review shows that jurisdictions with precise definitions, tiered licensing, and proportionate safeguards, such as the EU’s MiCA and Japan’s PSA/FIEA, enjoy stronger market integrity and capital inflows. This study outlines a four-stage roadmap for Vietnam: codify crypto definitions and licensing; broaden AML/CFT and disclosure duties; embed consumer-protection and tax rules; and launch sandboxes to nurture compliant innovation, closing gaps and enhancing financial stability.
This paper is the first to synthesize doctrinal, comparative, and policy-oriented analyses of EU MiCA, Japan’s PSA/FIEA, the United States’ dual federal–state regime, and to convert the insights into a phased roadmap expressly tailored to Vietnam’s civil-law system and policy priorities. By moving beyond earlier descriptive surveys to expose legal inconsistencies, measure consumer-protection gaps, and propose a unified regulator plus sandbox pilot, it delivers actionable guidance for Vietnamese decision-makers and fills the regional research void on balanced, innovation-friendly crypto governance in emerging economies.

SOCIAL COMPETENCE AND CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE TEACHING: A STUDY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN NAGALAND

Rashmi — 2025-09-29

This study investigated the social competence and culturally responsive teaching (CRT) practices of secondary school teachers in Nagaland, India, and examined their interrelationship as well as variations based on gender and teaching experience. A total of 378 teachers participated in the study. Social competence and CRT levels were assessed using z-scores. Findings revealed that while a majority of teachers exhibited average to above-average social competence, a significant proportion demonstrated low or below-average levels. Similarly, the implementation of CRT practices was generally limited, with only a small percentage of teachers demonstrating high levels of culturally responsive pedagogy. Independent-samples t-tests and one-way ANOVAs indicated no statistically significant differences in social competence or CRT based on gender or teaching experience. Importantly, a significant positive correlation was observed between social competence and CRT, suggesting that teachers with stronger interpersonal and relational skills are more likely to engage effectively in culturally responsive teaching. The study underscores the critical role of social competence in enabling culturally responsive pedagogy, particularly in culturally diverse classrooms such as those in Nagaland. Recommendations include targeted professional development, curriculum integration of social-emotional and cultural competencies, mentorship programs, and policy support to enhance inclusive and effective teaching practices.

FEMALE EXISTENTIAL PREDICAMENT IN JAI NIMBKAR’S NOVEL COME RAIN

Tejal Sonawane — 2025-10-01

The female existential predicament symbolizes and has reference to the unique challenges and struggles women face in defining their existence and purposes within patriarchal societies. These challenges have their roots in societal expectations, bias discrimination of gender and struggle to establish self. The galaxy of women writers has been dealing with feminine issues which were not given attention to in the male dominated society. The woman was considered not as a human being but a slave to do the household things and a child producing machine. Her individuality, necessities, likings attitudes were not given any importance, she was treated as if she did not exist. The female self was obliterated and her identity reconstructed to fit and support masculine fantasy framework.

CONTRIBUTION OF MIGRATION IN GROWTH OF MAJOR URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS IN INDIA

Ajay Murmu — 2025-10-06

Universally, urban agglomeration symbolizes the rapid expansion of the modern urban world. In reshaping the demographic and spatial landscapes of urban agglomeration, migration plays a significant role. Most developing countries have evidence of a faster increase in urban agglomeration. India, like the most divergent regional divisional country, has different characteristics of urban centers. Where some cities developed in the early period, but some cities have developed in recent times. At the same time, metro cities have a unique way of growing and experiencing growth. This study investigates the nature of migration in the growth of major urban agglomerations in India, focusing on Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Bangalore. Drawing on data from the Census of India 2011, the research analyzed decadal population growth, migration origin (rural vs. urban), inter- and intra-state migration patterns, duration of residence, and reasons for migration. The findings reveal that Delhi and Bangalore have experienced the highest growth rates due to inter-state migration driven by employment opportunities and economic liberalization. In contrast, Kolkata shows slower growth, rooted in longer-term, intra-state migration patterns. Notably, Chennai and Bangalore receive a higher proportion of urban-origin and skilled migrants, reflecting a shift toward knowledge-based urban economies. Meanwhile, Mumbai and Delhi continue to attract rural-origin populations, reinforcing their status as industrial and administrative hubs. This paper examines the critical role of migration in shaping India’s urban agglomerations and highlights the necessity for inclusive planning frameworks that address regional disparities and foster balanced urban growth.

REGIONAL DISPARITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR AGRICULTURAL GROWTH: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS ABOUT JHUNJHUNU DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Shyam S. Khinchi — 2025-10-06

Analyzing agricultural progress and opportunities in Rajasthan, India's Jhunjhunu district is the primary goal of the present research. Agricultural planners, social workers, and officials carrying out development projects can learn from the study. The intention is to make recommendations in order to properly construct a plan for agricultural development and opportunities in the area under consideration. The current study's research aims have been maintained in light of these. In India as a whole, it is currently getting harder to keep up traditional core business in a timely and balanced manner. In actuality, agriculture is a business that is affected by the environment. However, the Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan, India, has seen more pollution and impacts from human activity than any other business. The regional disparity in agricultural growth has been evaluated within the framework of Jhunjhunu district, taking into account geographical factors. This study emphasizes the significance of sustainable land management practices in the Jhunjhunu area of Rajasthan, India, in order to address regional disparities and investigate prospects for agricultural development.

REPRESENTATION OF KIRATARJUNIYAM IN THE TEMPLE SCULPTURES OF KADAPA DISTRICT

K. Mrutyunjaya Rao — 2025-10-08

The paper describes the narrative episode of the famous Kiratarjuniyam in the temple sculptures of Kadapa district. This theme is commonly found at Chilamkuru, Attirala, Pushpagiri, and Animela in the Kadapa district but varies in depiction. Its significance is in terms of sculptural carvings in seven panels. The Kiratarjuniyam episode was rendered with great skill and stood out for the master's skills in sculptures. Though the story is depicted in limited panels, it is the best narrative in the whole sculptural heritage in Kadapa. Proportions and narrations and compositional values are discussed to unfold the aesthetics of the temple sculptures. The author tried to study the variations in the theme depicted in the temples of the Kadapa region. The aesthetic evaluation of the compositional and carving skills of the sculptors is to be considered subject to the limitation of space and place of execution.

INTEGRATING FINANCIAL EDUCATION INTO THE NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (NEP) 2020: A FRAMEWORK FOR FOSTERING ECONOMIC RESILIENCE

Seema Devi — 2025-10-11

Financial Literacy and financial education are gaining worldwide attention as a critical skill for livelihood. Education is a skill for survival like food, home, and shelter. The National Education Policy (2020) is an education system with the tagline "Educating the Next Generation." NEP's core ideas include focusing on real-world skills, critical thinking, and hands-on learning, making it an ideal framework for financial education. Its main goal is to demonstrate how the policy's flexible and practical approach is a perfect fit for integrating essential financial skills into the school system, from a young age all the way through high school, so that students can learn about saving, investment banking, budgeting concepts, and more. The NEP's primary component is the inclusion of financial acumen, which transforms it from a purely academic subject into a strategic necessity by enabling young people to secure their own prospects and support the national economy. The objectives of the research paper are to find out the present status of financial literacy in India and the role of NEP in its promotion. The research also proposes a financial literacy model and identifies potential challenges, while simultaneously providing strategic recommendations for the effective implementation of the NEP with integrated financial education.

“FROM BRICKS TO CLICKS”: RETAIL TECHNOLOGY TRENDS TOWARDS CUSTOMER VALUE CREATION IN ORGANISED CHAINS WITH REFERENCE TO BANGALORE

Satheeshkumar R — 2025-10-11

This transformation of the bricks to clicks has redesigned the retailing one of the organized apparel markets, has the potential of leading the digital innovation in the retail world. Consumers now strongly require smooth, individualized and immersive shopping experiences, which is causing retailers to implement innovative technologies that include Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Augmented Reality (AR),Virtual Reality (VR) and interactive digital screens.
AI facilitates one-on-one recommendations, trend prediction and chat bot services whereas IoT makes sure that there is real-time stock management via RFID tags and smart shelves. Displaying digital screens offer active advert placements in-store and AR/VR can enable the use of virtual dressing rooms and fully interactive brand environments, connecting the online and offline shop. The tech-friendly growth of Bangalore with its diverse consumer base and equally competitive apparel market creates an interesting set towards examining how well such technologies are being adopted, and how effective.
Although there have been heavy investments on such innovations, there is little empirical evidence on the direct effect of the innovations on the customer value creation in the form of satisfaction, engagement, loyalty, trust and purchase confidence.
This research paper fills the above-mentioned gap as it examines the perception of customers and the current situation with retailers along with their practices to find out the real potential of retail technologies in organized chains. The emerging concepts will help innovative retailers, technology providers, or policymakers formulate strategies that will not only generate more customer value but also provide sustainable competitiveness in the dynamic retail environment of Bangalore

REVISION OF ELECTORAL ROLL AMID CACOPHONY AND CHEERS: A STUDY

Sanjay Baranwal — 2025-10-13

Success of democracy presupposes fair electoral process which includes preparation of a genuine electoral roll of the voters, a task performed by the ECI in India. To raise concern against ills in the exercise of this task is a democratic duty of a stakeholder but the concern must be corroborated by substantial evidences. ECI is exhibiting its duties in adherence to article 324 and 326 and Statutory Act of 1950 and 1960 to prepare electoral list. A democratic and transparent functioning of the ECI in preparing the electoral rolls should be acclaimed. ECI embarks upon innovations and initiatives to avert grievances of stakeholders which certainly paves way for a sanguine democracy in India.

THE EVOLUTION AND MITIGATION OF RANSOMWARE: TECHNIQUES, TACTICS AND RESPONSE STRATEGIES

Ehigiator Egho-Promise — 2025-10-13

Ransomware is still one of the most current and dangerous types of malware on the internet. Ransomware is detrimental in its impact towards both personal and corporate entities, while its consequences are often financially and operationally disastrous. This paper focuses on analysing the ransomware threat capabilities and trends during the last ten years and how cybercriminals have updated their approaches to the threat. The research explores the evolution of ransomware, such as the ransomware-as-a-service (raas), second-stage extortion schemes, sophisticated encryption, and obfuscation techniques. Further, the study measures present-day mitigation measures like endpoint protection, employee training, and incident response systems and defines unmet needs in the present defensive measures. While the paper evaluates cases where organisations have successfully enacted response strategies, organization must ensure proactivity, backed-up presence and effective cybersecurity policies. In addition, the study expects future developments in ransomware attacks to involve artificial intelligence tools to enhance the strategies and attacks towards the key areas of interest, such as the healthcare and energy sectors. The study highlights the necessity for effective legal measures to counter the work of ransomware actors who operate internationally and offers improvements to the policy and defence measures.

MENTORING AND COACHING IN A WORKPLACE LITERACY PROGRAM

Siva Mahendran — 2025-10-16

This study explores the implementation of mentoring and coaching as strategic tools to enhance workplace English literacy in a post-pandemic context. As organizations increasingly prioritize reskilling and upskilling to maintain employability, this qualitative research examines how personalized support mechanisms—mentoring and coaching—address communication and emotional intelligence gaps among employees. Drawing on data from interviews, surveys, and workplace case studies, the study highlights how these approaches improve employee confidence, communication, engagement, and overall productivity. Mentoring fosters long-term developmental relationships for holistic growth, while coaching targets specific, measurable literacy outcomes. Successful implementation involves needs assessments, trained mentors/coaches, clear objectives, on-the-job integration, and ongoing evaluation. Despite challenges like time constraints and resource limitations, the findings affirm that mentoring and coaching significantly uplift workplace literacy, strengthening both individual career progression and organizational performance.

MARY KOM — AN EPITOME OF VIGOUR AND VITALITY: FROM REAL TO REEL DEPICTING WOMEN’S STRENGTH THROUGH BOLLYWOOD

Geeta Goyal — 2025-10-17

This paper explores the cinematic portrayal of Indian boxer Mary Kom in the 2014 Bollywood biopic Mary Kom, directed by Omung Kumar. It examines how the film translates the real-life struggles, triumphs, and spirit of India’s foremost female boxing legend onto the silver screen, contributing to the larger discourse of women's strength, perseverance, and empowerment through popular media. Further, the paper highlights the significance of Bollywood in narrating stories of remarkable women who break stereotypes and inspire societal change.

IMPACT OF BACTERIAL KERATITIS ON OUTPUT CARE HOSPITAL IN BANGLADESH

Mohammed Selim Reza — 2025-09-17

Background Bacterial keratitis is a potentially fatal corneal infection worldwide. Its deleterious effects include sudden and rapid destruction of the cornea. The exact cause is still unknown to health authorities and ophthalmologists. Various studies have suggested different theories. Some studies have suggested that the spectrum of bacterial corneal pathogens is largely influenced by local microbial flora, geography, and climatic factors.
Aims and Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the bacteriological patterns and predisposing factors of bacterial keratitis in outpatient settings.
Methods A total of 45 male and female patients with bacterial keratitis were evaluated from January 2015 to December 2016 at the Department of Ophthalmology, MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, a divisional city of Bangladesh. The study recorded the patients' socio-demographic information, pre-existing factors, and clinical presentation. Bacterial cultures were performed from corneal swabs in the laboratory.
Results The age range of most patients was between 41 and 60 years (55.6%). The mean age of bacterial keratitis was 47.60 ± 17.14 (range, 18–71) years. The study showed that the male to female ratio was 1.25:1, which was close to 1. The study also showed that common predisposing factors were 62.2% trauma and 31.1% chronic dacryocystitis. The highest 57.8% Gram-positive bacteria predominated, and the lowest 42.2% Gram-negative bacteria. Out of the total isolates, 37.8% were Staphylococcus epidermidis, 26.7% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 20.0% Staphylococcus aureus, 8.9% Escherichia coli, and 6.7% Klebsiella species.
Conclusion The study concluded that trauma is the most important predisposing factor in bacterial keratitis. Gram-positive bacteria are the main isolates and common bacteria are Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This study suggests a new dynamic alternative approach to the upcoming eye care pathway to promote global eye protection related to advanced sensor technology and national health policies, which is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals 2030.

THE SYSTEM OF JUSTICE AND POLICING IN MAHARAJA SURAJMAL’S REIGN

Monica Singh — 2025-09-17

This paper examines the administration of justice and law enforcement in the Jat kingdom of Bharatpur during the reign of Maharaja Surajmal ( 1707–1763). Drawing on historical evidence and comparative analysis with neighbouring polities, it explores Surajmal’s judicial institutions, customary law, and policing mechanisms. Sources on Mughal and Rajput governance are used to contextualise Surajmal’s system, which adopted many features of the fading Mughal model while retaining local Jat traditions. The study finds that justice in Surajmal’s state was administered through a hierarchy of village panchayats and district courts under the Maharaja’s final authority, with influences from Islamic and customary law. Policing relied on traditional village watchmen and military patrols rather than a modern police force. In comparison, the Mughal Empire maintained a more formal network of qāzī states similarly combined local customs with imperial norms. A table of estimated population sizes highlights the scale of Surajmal’s Bharatpur relative to Mughal and Maratha domains (Table 1). The analysis incorporates archival population data and normative descriptions of legal practice, presenting a detailed picture suitable for scholarly appraisal.

A STUDY ON BEHAVIORAL INVESTMENT APPROACH AMONG GIG WORKERS AND SELF ENTREPRENEURS

R. Satheesh kumar — 2025-09-17

The global rise of the gig economy has created an income paradox for workers and entrepreneurs in India: while work is flexible, cash flow is highly irregular, limiting engagement with traditional investment tools. This study introduces the Daily Incremental Micro-Investment (DIIM) framework, a behavioral finance solution designed to overcome this insecurity. By leveraging concepts like mental accounting and loss aversion, DIIM encourages very small, scaled daily contributions, making saving intuitive and sustainable even with volatile earnings. Analysis of primary data confirmed that this incremental approach improves participant comfort, consistency, and engagement compared to conventional products. The research concludes that integrating behavioral insights with financial design, particularly through DIIM, is crucial for fintech and policymakers seeking to enhance the financial resilience and inclusion of the underserved gig economy workforce.