INTEGRATING CARRYING CAPACITY AND WAR DYNAMICS INTO RICHARDSON’S ARMS RACE MODEL: AN ANALYTIC APPROACH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v9.i5.2025.719Keywords:
Mathematical Modelling, Defence, Richardson Arms Race Model, Phase Plane Diagram, StabilityAbstract
Traditional arms race models often assume that countries possess unlimited resources, leading to predictions of perpetual increases in military power. This paper introduces a new model incorporating the concept of carrying capacity, representing the maximum level of military strength that can be sustained. By integrating this idea, the model provides a more realistic way for analysing arms races, accounting for resource constraints and sustainability. The study examines both the classical and Richardson-Arms race models, applying them to defence expenditure data for Russia and Ukraine from 1994 to 2021. It identifies equilibrium points and assesses the stability of each model. Additionally, the Arms Race Model is modified to account for war scenarios and its equilibrium points are analysed.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Swapnil Talele, Nirav Patel, Ravi Gor, Akash Singh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
