International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA LEAF FOR THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL

2024-07-15T07:56:09+00:00

Background: Andrographis Paniculata, a herbaceous plant of the Acantharean family, is referred to as the "king of bitters" and is rich in bioactive chemicals. Andrographis Paniculata is a medicinal plant that has been used for many years in traditional medicine. Numerous bioactive substances found in the plant, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and diterpenoids, are responsible for its wide range of pharmacological effects. To assess the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Andrographis Paniculata leaf extracts, a thorough phytochemical investigation was carried out in this work. Often referred to as the "king of bitters," Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant that has been used for many years in traditional medicine. Numerous bioactive substances found in the plant, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and diterpenoids, are responsible for its wide range of pharmacological effects.
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of Andrographis Paniculata leaves and evaluate their potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
Materials and Methods: The leaves of Andrographis Paniculata were collected, dried, and subjected to sequential extraction using various solvents including methanol, ethanol, and water. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was determined through qualitative and quantitative analyses to identify the presence of flavonoids, tannins, flavanols, and polyphenols. The antibacterial potential of Andrographis Paniculata, leaf extracts was assessed against six pathogenic bacteria including both gram positive and gram-negative strains by determining minimum inhibitory concentration and zone of inhibition. The extracts inhibited the growth of these bacteria and also induced bacterial cell death. Zone of inhibition values were compared with control in concentration 20 mμg /ml.
Result: The growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is inhibited by the ethanol extract. The antioxidant ability of leaf extracts was evaluated using assays such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and vitamin C. The results show that when oxidized, the DPPH produces a persistent purple radical.
Conclusion: Andrographis paniculata leaf extracts have been shown in this study to have excellent antibacterial and antioxidant properties, highlighting the plant's therapeutic value as a source of naturally occurring bioactive chemicals. These results add to the increasing amount of data that supports the traditional medicine practice of using Andrographis paniculata and shed light on the uses of the plant in the creation of new antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

STUDIES ON THE POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF SOME WEEDY FLORA OF NIZAMABAD DISTRICT OF TELANGANA STATE, INDIA

2024-07-13T09:29:34+00:00

The present work is aimed to study the pollen morphology of weed plants by light microscopy (LM). Polleniferous material of eight weed plants viz., Mimosa pudica, Cleome viscosa, Tribulus terrestris, Lantana camara, Commelina benghalensis, Ziziphus mauritiana, Cardiospermum halicacabum and Datura stramonium were collected from in and around agricultural lands of Nizamabad district, Telangana, India during 2022-2023.The pollen features viz., shape, apertures and the sporoderm pattern was studied. The pollen grains studied showed spheroidal, sub- prolate, eu-oblate, oblate-spheroidal, oblate to per oblate shape. The apertural diversity include tricolporate, triporate, pantoporate and monosulcate condition. The Exine ornamentation is indicated by psilate in three species, striate in two, reticulate in another two species and one species possess microechinate pattern. The diversity in pollen features are helpful in the identification of the taxa at various levels. This study highlights the some of the common weed pollen morphological features useful to distinguish the species of weeds.

EVALUATING SOIL AMENDMENT EFFECTS ON TOMATO YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY

2024-08-06T04:44:59+00:00

This study investigates the impact of various soil treatments on key yield components of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants, including fruit diameter, length, number per plant, and weight. Eight treatments were evaluated: BK+, MgSO4, CaPh, EcoTea, Pig Manure, Cow Manure, Combined Inorganic Fertilizer, and a Control. Comprehensive statistical analyses revealed significant differences in yield parameters across treatments. CaPh, MgSO4, and the Combined Inorganic fertilizer enhanced fruit production. EcoTea promoted larger tomato lengths, while Pig Dung increased weights. Mineral composition analyses showed distinct treatment effects on sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc levels. Nutrient profiling indicated varied impacts on moisture, protein, ash, fiber, fat, and carbohydrate contents. Strong correlations were observed between mineral and nutrient pairs, highlighting potential synergies and antagonisms. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing soil management practices for improved tomato yield, quality, and nutritional value, contributing to sustainable agricultural development.