BEYOND DOMESTICITY AND WOMEN’S AGENCY IN MANIPURI CINEMA: AN ANALYSIS OF FEMALE CHARACTERS IN ARIBAM SYAM’S FILM

Authors

  • Johnson Rajkumar Research Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Manipur University, Canchipur, Manipur, India
  • Rajkumari Lilapati Devi Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Manipur University, Canchipur, Manipur, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v4.i2.2023.719

Keywords:

Manipuri Film, Agency, Women, Representation, Domesticity

Abstract [English]

The representation of women in cinema has been a longstanding concern in the field of cinema studies. Historically, female characters have often been relegated to submissive and domestic roles on screen. However, recent years have witnessed a significant shift in the portrayal of women in cinema, with an increasing number of films depicting female characters in active, occupational, and self-determining roles. This article delves into this transformative narrative trend by focusing on two Manipuri films, Imagi Ningthem (1981) and Ishanou (1990), directed by Aribam Syam Sharma. These films feature resilient female protagonists who challenge and defy the traditional domestic roles assigned to women in cinematic narratives. Using textual analysis, this article explores the nuanced portrayal of these female characters and the agency they exhibit in shaping their destinies. Drawing from the framework of feminist film theory, this study critically examines how these characters navigate societal expectations and patriarchal norms within the context of their narratives. The films serve as compelling narratives that shed light on the evolving representation of female agency in cinema where women character challenges conventional gender roles and offer a fresh perspective on women's identity within the cinematic realm. By interrogating the textual and societal dimensions of these films, this study gives a broader discourse on gender representation in cinema and highlights the importance of female agency in shaping contemporary narratives.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agarwal, R. (2014). Changing Roles of Women in Indian Cinema. Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, 14(2), 117–132.

Banerjee, S. M. (2010). Debates on Domesticity and the Position of Women in Late Colonial India. History Compass, 8(6), 455–473. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00688.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00688.x

Broude, N., & Garrard, M. D. (2005). Reclaiming Female Agency: Feminist Art History after Postmodernism. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520938168

Carlin, D. B., & Winfrey, K. L. (2009). Have You Come a Long Way, Baby? Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and Sexism in 2008 Campaign Coverage. Communication Studies, 60(4), 326–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970903109904. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970903109904

Chakrapani, C., & Kumar, S. V. (1994). Changing Status and Role of Women in Indian Society (1st ed.). Vedams Books.

Datta, S. (2000). Globalisation and Representations of Women in Indian Cinema. Social Scientist, 28(3/4), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.2307/3518191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3518191

Giles, J. (1993). A Home of One’S Own: Women and Domesticity in England 1918–1950. Women’s Studies International Forum, 16(3), 239–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(93)90054-D. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(93)90054-D

Gurumayum, D. (2021). Revisiting Gender Narratives: A Critical Study of Nee Devi’s Short Stories. Dibrugarh University Journal of English Studies, 29.

Johnston, C. (2014). Women’S Cinema as Countercinema (UK, 1973). In Women’S Cinema as Countercinema (UK, 1973). University of California Press, 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520957411-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520957411-100

Joseph, J. (2023, April 15). Profile of an Asteroid Named Aribam Syam Sharma. Imphal Review of Arts and Politics.

Kongbam, M. (2021a). The Fortunes of Manipuri Cinema (1st ed.). In Critics of Indian Cinema. FIPRESCI-India, 215–237.

Kongbam, M. (2021b, February 27). Aribam Syam Sharma: A Genius in the World of Indian Cinema. Imphal Review of Arts and Politics.

Makoveeva, I. (2017). Female Agency in Svetlana Proskurina’s Remote Access (2004) and Vera Storozheva’s Travelling with Pets (2007). Studies in Russian and Soviet Cinema, 11(1), 38–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/17503132.2016.1270617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17503132.2016.1270617

Manzar, B., & Aravind, A. (2019). (Re) Thinking Women in Cinema: The Changing Narrative Structure In Bollywood. South Asian Popular Culture, 17(1), 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14746689.2018.1585601

Mastrocola, C. (2020). Leading Female Characters: Breaking Gender Roles Through Broad City and Veep. Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 11(1), 82–92.

Mdege, N. (2017). Representations of Women’s Agency in African Anti-colonial Struggles: The Case of Sambizanga (1972) and Mapantsula (1988). Critical Arts, 31(5), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/02560046.2017.1386701. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02560046.2017.1386701

Modak, A. (2023, April 29). Aribam Syam Sharma’s Immense Contribution to Indian Cinema Remains Relatively Unsung [News Site]. Imphal Review of Arts and Politics.

Nongthombam, P. (2020). Rituals & Performances: Studies in Traditional Thetres of Manipur (1st ed., Vol. 1). Reiki Nongthambam.

Parratt, S. N. A., & Parratt, J. (2017a). Female Spirit-Possession Rituals among the Meiteis of Manipur. In Collected Papers on the History and Culture of Manipur. The Patriotic Writers Forum.

Parratt, S. N. A., & Parratt, J. (2017b). Women as Originators of Orla Scriptures in an Asiatic Society. In Collected papers on the History and Culture of Manipur. The Patriotic Writers Forum.

Peshkopia, R., Kristensen, L., & Logoreci, T. (2012). Agency and Structure in Albanian Post-Socialist Cinema: Lessons from Three Films. Studies in Eastern European Cinema, 3(2), 151–173. https://doi.org/10.1386/seec.3.2.151_1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1386/seec.3.2.151_1

Petrescu, M. (2020). New Romanian Cinema, Women’S Self-Empowerment, and Hegemonic Masculinity: Female Figures in Cristian Mungiu’s Occident (2002) and Radu Muntean’s Boogie (2008). Studies in European Cinema, 17(1), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/17411548.2018.1531501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17411548.2018.1531501

Prentice, D. A., & Carranza, E. (2002). What Women and Men Should Be, Shouldn’t be, are Allowed to be, and don’t Have to Be: The Contents of Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(4), 269–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00066. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00066

RK, B. (2017). The First Trilogy of Manipuri Film. In Array of Colourful Thoughts, Medley of Images (Imphal). Tomshija Publications, Imphal.

Rajkumar, J. (2023). Subversive Motherhood and Maternal Discourses in Manipuri Cinema: An Analysis of Aribam Syam’s Ishanou. Media Watch, 14(3), 296–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911231183391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911231183391

Rasgotra, G. D., & Vats, A. (2017). Erasure and Resurrection: The Woman ‘Myth’ and Fresh Narratives of Women Victory in Bollywood. In M. Verma & N. Karloth (Eds.), Essays on Contemporary Media Theories and Practices, 34–45. Amity University Rajasthan.

Roy, M., & Sengupta, A. (2014). Women and Emergent Agency in the Cinema of Aparna Sen. South Asian Popular Culture, 12(2), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/14746689.2014.937056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14746689.2014.937056

Walker, A. (2018). The Question of Women’s Agency in Iranian Cinema. DĀNESH: The OU Undergraduate Journal of Iranian Studies, 3(1), 25–34.

Westeren, V. (2020). ‘Strong Female Characters’? An Analysis of Six Female Fantasy Characters from Novel to Film [Honors Project, Seattle Pacific University].

Williams, B. (2015). It’s a Wonderful Job: Women at Work in the Cinema of Communist Albania. Studies in Eastern European Cinema, 6(1), 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/2040350X.2014.992127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2040350X.2014.992127

Downloads

Published

2023-11-25

How to Cite

Rajkumar, J., & Rajkumari Lilapati Devi. (2023). BEYOND DOMESTICITY AND WOMEN’S AGENCY IN MANIPURI CINEMA: AN ANALYSIS OF FEMALE CHARACTERS IN ARIBAM SYAM’S FILM. ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 4(2), 559–571. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v4.i2.2023.719