ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts

INTELLIGENT ROBOTIC ASSISTANCE IN DENTAL SURGERY: A REINFORCEMENT LEARNING-BASED MODEL

Mahendra Eknath Pawar — 2024-01-31

Robotics in dentoalveolar and oral maxillofacial surgery could allow for improved precision, predictability, and safety in difficult procedures. We introduce an RL-based method for robot intelligent control in dental surgery to enhance intraoperative decision-making and instrument handling. The system enables (semi-)automatic steering of surgical instruments by combining sensor information in real-time with 3D representation of the surgical space. The RL agent is trained in a v-rep virtual environment with reward signals for reduced tissue damage, optimized paths, and time-efficient execution. Experimental validation on synthetic and phantom models indicates the capability of the model to accommodate various anatomical discrepancies and to achieve accurate manipulation, surpassing the conventional rule-based robotic systems. This work demonstrates the feasibility of RL-guided robotic systems in dental surgery and paves the path for real-time clinical integration in the future.

GENERATIVE AI FOR 3D RECONSTRUCTION AND SIMULATION OF COMPLEX DENTAL SURGERIES

Mahendra Eknath Pawar — 2024-03-31

Advancements in generative artificial intelligence (AI) have unlocked new possibilities in the field of dental surgery, particularly in the reconstruction and simulation of complex surgical procedures. This paper presents a novel framework leveraging generative models—such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and diffusion models—for 3D anatomical reconstruction from limited 2D imaging data, enabling accurate and realistic simulation of maxillofacial surgical interventions. The system incorporates patient-specific data, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and intraoral photographs, to generate high-fidelity 3D models of craniofacial structures. These models are further used to simulate various surgical scenarios, assisting clinicians in preoperative planning, risk assessment, and patient-specific surgical rehearsal. The integration of physics-based constraints and AI-driven biomechanical modeling improves the realism of simulated tissue responses during interventions. Experimental results demonstrate the system’s potential in enhancing surgical precision, reducing operative time, and improving overall patient outcomes. The study underscores the transformative impact of generative AI in dental surgery, paving the way for more personalized, safe, and effective treatment planning.

INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS AND MODERNITY: MILIEU OF INDIAN COMICS AND SUPERHEROES

Sambuddha Jash — 2024-06-30

This paper seeks to trace the genesis of Indian comics and the superheroes portrayed in them as a site of serious critical thought. The composition of the initial crop of Indian comics is intricately connected to the study of traditional Indian mythology and its relevance to the eulogization of heroic ideals and spirit. It is deeply entrenched into the various genealogies of change that has been catalysing our own Indian knowledge systems. This has been done by providing a brief history of the development of Indian comics which at its initial stages was mostly a derivation of its western counterparts. Through an analysis of Amar Chitra Katha and the Raj Comics, I have tried to delve deeper into the construction of the ‘Indian Superhero’ and it being the point of departure from popular superheroes like Superman, Batman and others. The analytical framework of the paper is the fact that the advent of the Indian Superhero was not only a necessity of the Indian comics’ readership market but also a metaphorical moment that shares tangential relationship with the political changes and economic liberalization.

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON JOB SATISFACTION OF THE EMPLOYEES OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES IN BILASPUR DIVISION OF CHHATTISGARH

Tanya Jyotsna — 2024-06-30

Job satisfaction is a crucial determinant of the productivity and morale of employees, especially in the education sector, which is responsible for nation-building. This study investigates the level of job satisfaction among employees of private schools and colleges in the Bilaspur division of Chhattisgarh. Using both primary and secondary data, this empirical research explores factors influencing job satisfaction, such as salary, work environment, leadership, career advancement opportunities, and work-life balance. A structured questionnaire was administered to 300 respondents selected through stratified random sampling from private educational institutions across Bilaspur, Ratanpur, Pendra, and Kawardha. The study employs descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and regression analysis to draw meaningful inferences. The results indicate moderate satisfaction levels, with salary and job security emerging as major concerns. The paper offers actionable suggestions for institutional management and policymakers to improve job satisfaction and reduce attrition in private education.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF E-WALLET USAGE AMONG UNORGANIZED RETAILERS IN BHANDARA DISTRICT

Roshan Raibhanji Dongardiveprav — 2024-07-31

The rapid spread of digital payment systems in India is bringing about a major transformation in retail trade. However, its adoption among unorganized retailers in rural and semi-urban areas is still not uniform. The present study has analyzed the socio-economic factors affecting the use of e-wallet among such unorganized retailers in Bhandara district of Maharashtra state. For the research, data from a total of 300 small retail traders in urban and rural areas was collected in a structured manner. Based on this information, a study was conducted to examine how factors such as age, education, income level, shop size, availability of smartphones and internet access affect e-wallet adoption. Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher education level, higher monthly turnover and regular internet access increase the likelihood of using e-wallets. In contrast, factors such as age, gender and rural location have little impact when it comes to digital readiness. In addition, some key barriers have also been identified - such as lack of digital literacy, concerns about transaction security, and transaction fees. The study highlights the need for community-based awareness campaigns, infrastructure development and targeted digital literacy campaigns to promote digital transactions. Accordingly, the study contributes to the broader conversation on digital financial inclusion.

A PILOT STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED UNLISTED PUBLIC COMPANIES IN PUNE DISTRICT: FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVE

Anil Khatri — 2024-05-31

Corporate governance is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of company performance, especially in emerging economies like India. While extensive research exists on listed companies, limited attention has been given to unlisted company, which form the backbone of regional economies. This pilot study explores the relationship between corporate governance practices and company performance among unlisted companies in Pune District, Maharashtra. Using a structured questionnaire distributed to 20 company Managers and CEO and analysing basic financial and governance parameters, this study aims to identify preliminary patterns and pave the way for a full-scale research project.

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA: EVALUATING THE GROUND IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT SCHEMES

Mamta Sharma — 2024-05-31

Women’s entrepreneurship plays a critical role in achieving inclusive economic growth and gender equity in India. Over the past decade, the Government of India has launched multiple schemes—such as the MUDRA Yojana, Stand-Up India, and PMEGP—to support women-led enterprises through financial inclusion, capacity building, and market linkages. However, the real impact of these schemes remains uneven across regions and socio-economic strata. This study adopts a case study approach to evaluate the effectiveness of these schemes in two Indian states—Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. Drawing on secondary data, policy reports, and impact studies, the paper identifies the barriers faced by women entrepreneurs and assesses scheme implementation outcomes. The findings reveal significant gaps between policy design and ground-level execution, especially in rural regions. Recommendations are offered to improve scheme targeting, simplify bureaucratic processes, and promote holistic support systems for women entrepreneurs.

AGRICULTURE AND SOCIETY FROM THE VEDIC PERIOD TO THE GUPTA PERIOD

Kamlesh Kumar Tewari — 2020-06-30

This paper examines the evolution of agriculture and society in ancient India from the Vedic period to the Gupta period, tracing the transformation of land ownership patterns, agricultural practices, and social structures. The study analyzes how the Indian economy, fundamentally based on land from ancient times, developed from a primarily rural agrarian society to more complex agricultural and commercial systems. The research explores the transition from collective to individual land ownership, beginning with evidence from Rigvedic literature that suggests individual farming families owned agricultural land, animals, and gold as personal property. The paper traces agricultural development through various periods including the later Vedic era, post-Vedic Buddhist period, Maurya-Sunga period, and post-Mauryan times, examining how land classification systems, irrigation methods, crop cultivation, and animal husbandry evolved. Key findings include the establishment of various land types (cultivated, barren, pasture, and forest land), the development of artificial irrigation systems, and the emergence of complex taxation and land grant systems. The study demonstrates how agricultural practices influenced social stratification, with Brahmins gaining prominence through their role in agricultural rituals, and how hereditary occupations eventually crystallized into the caste system. The paper also examines the role of state administration in agricultural development, particularly during the Mauryan period under Kautilya's economic framework, and analyzes different categories of landowners including farmers, sharecroppers, and landless laborers.

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN GUPTA PERIOD

Kamlesh Kumar Tewari — 2021-06-30

This study examines the education system during the Gupta period in this paper aims to study:
The Gupta Dynasty (319-550 CE): Its Structure, Curriculum, and Contribution to Ancient Indian Knowledge.
Specifically, the paper explores:
1. Organization and structure of education during the Gupta Dynasty
2. Curriculum and subjects taught at different levels of education
3. Contribution of the Gupta education system to ancient Indian knowledge and its legacy
In essence, the paper seeks to understand how education was imparted during the Gupta Dynasty and its impact on ancient Indian society and knowledge.

MYANMAR’S CRISIS: TERRORISM AND MIGRATION

Saroj Choudhary — 2024-07-31

“Unjust terror leaves scars on the soul that only justice can heal.”
Two major issues which Myanmar has been facing is terrorism and migration, that are not only the matter of concern of any particular place but whole country. The country is diverse where different ethnic groups and tension among them have caused violence and outrage for many years. Groups of terrorist have formed, and taking advantage of these divisions, and both the government and armed forces have played role in the violence. This thing has created fear of instability and insecurity for many lives in Myanmar.
Simultaneously, the tension forced many people to leave their homes. The Rohingya crisis in particular, has gained a lot of International attention as thousands of people have been forced to leave their homes due to persecution. The huge number of refugees has created problems for neighboring countries and the International Community.
This research paper looks at the root causes and solution of terrorism and migration in Myanmar, and focuses on the co-relation of these two issues. It examines how ethnic and religious tensions fuel violence, which in return forces individuals to leave their motherland. The paper will also focuses on the impact these issue lead to in the society at large.
Finally, the paper discusses achievable solutions and it calls for cooperation between countries, fair policies, and a focus on both security and human rights. Myanmar’s road to peace and stability depends on addressing this issue with justice, international support, and long-term planning within the country.