GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR DRINKING AND IRRIGATION ON HINDUPUR MANDAL, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH STATE, SOUTH INDIA.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i6.2024.6170Keywords:
Groundwater Quality, Pre-And Post-Monsoon, Physicochemical Parameters, Irrigation Suitability, Piper Plot, Ussl Diagram, Agricultural RunoffAbstract [English]
Groundwater serves as a critical resource for drinking and irrigation, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions like Hindupur Mandal, Andhra Pradesh, where surface water availability is limited. This study assesses the hydrogeochemical characteristics and seasonal variations in groundwater quality using 25 samples collected during pre- and post-monsoon periods. Physicochemical parameters including pH, EC, TDS, major cations and anions, and various irrigation indices such as SAR and %Na were analyzed and compared against WHO and BIS standards. Spatial distribution maps, Piper plots, and USSL diagrams were utilized to interpret water chemistry, facies distribution, and irrigation suitability. Results indicate that groundwater is predominantly of Na–Cl type during the pre-monsoon and shifts partially toward Ca–Mg–HCO₃ type post-monsoon, reflecting seasonal dilution from rainfall recharge and carbonate weathering. While the majority of samples fall within acceptable limits for both drinking and irrigation, elevated concentrations of Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl⁻ in certain locations point to anthropogenic impacts such as agricultural runoff and domestic wastewater infiltration. The study concludes that groundwater quality in the area is generally acceptable for domestic and agricultural use, though periodic monitoring is essential to manage contamination risks and ensure sustainable use.
References
Adimalla, N., & Wu, J. (2019). Groundwater quality and associated health risks in a semi-arid region of south India: Implication to sustainable groundwater management. Human and ecological risk assessment: an international journal, 25(1-2), 191-216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1546550
US EPA (2015). United States Environmental Protection Agency., Washington, USA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/upload/mcl-2.pdf. (accessed 7/9/2015)
Etikala, B., Golla, V.,Adimalla, N. et al. (2021). Hydrogeochemical Characterization of Groundwater Using Conventional Graphical, Geospatial and Multivariate Statistical Techniques. In: Adhikary, P.P., Shit, P.K., Santra, P., Bhunia, G.S., Tiwari, A.K., Chaudhary, B.S. (eds) Geostatistics and Geospatial Technologies for Groundwater Resources in India. Springer Hydrogeology. Springer, Cham, 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62397-5_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62397-5_5
Gibbs, R.J. (1970). Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry. Science, 170(3962), 1088-1090. 13. Golla V., Balaji, E., Arveti N. et al. (2020) Assessment of Groundwater Contamination with Emphasis on Sulfates, Barites Mining Area, Mangampeta, Andhra Pradesh, India. In: Babu K., Rao H., Amarnath Y. (eds) Emerging Trends in Civil Engineering. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 61. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981 15-1404-3_26
Golla, V., Arveti, N., Etikala, B. et al. (2019). Data sets on spatial analysis of hydrogeochemistry of Gudur area, SPSR Nellore district by using inverse distance weighted method in Arc GIS 10.1. Data in brief, 22, 1003-1011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.01.030
Golla, V., Badapalli, P. K., &Telkar, S. K. (2021). Delineation of groundwater potential zones in semi-arid regions (Ananatapuram) using geospatial techniques. Materials Today: Proceedings. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.239
Golla, V., Etikala, B., Arveti, N. et al. (2020). Assessment of Groundwater Contamination with Emphasis on Sulfates, Barites Mining Area, Mangampeta, Andhra Pradesh, India. In Emerging Trends in Civil Engineering (pp. 307-322). Springer, Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1404-3_26
Hem, J.D. (1959) Study and interpretations of chemical characteristics of natural water. USGS 2254:263 Water Supply Paper.
Kumar, S.K., Bharani, R., Magesh, N.S. et al. (2014). Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality appraisal of part of south Chennai coastal aquifers, Tamil Nadu, India using WQI and fuzzy logic method. Applied Water Science, 4(4), 341-350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-013-0148-4
Li, P., & Wu, J. (2019). Drinking Water Quality and Public Health. Expo Health 11, 73–79 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-019-00299-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-019-00299-8
Akhtar, N., Ishak, M.I.S., Ahmad, M.I. et al. (2021). Modi cation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) Process for Simple Calculation Using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Method: A Review. Water 2021, 13, 905. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/w13070905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13070905
Marchand, D., Rayan, M.C., Bethune, D.N. et al. (2002). Groundwater–surface water interaction and nitrate origin in municipal water supply aquifers, Sanjose, Costa Rica
Molagamudi, S.R., Uravakonda, S., Badapalli, P.K. et al. (2022). Evaluation of groundwater chemistry and its impact on drinking, irrigation, and human health hazard risk assessment (HHRA) in Pincha river basin, semi-arid region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Energ Water Res (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-021-00170-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-021-00170-0
Reddy, C.K.V.C., Golla, V., Badapalli, P.K. et al. (2022). Evaluation of groundwater contamination for uoride and nitrate in Nellore Urban Province, Southern India: a special emphasis on human health risk assessment (HHRA). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01537-8
Aravinthasamy, P., Karunanidhi, D., Subramani, T., et al. (2019) Fluoride contamination in groundwater of the Shanmuganadhi River Basin (south India) and its association with other chemical constituents using geographical information system and multivariate statistics. Geochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2019.125555 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2019.125555
Arveti, N., Golla, V., Yenamala, S. et al. (2017). Assessment of groundwater quality in Gudur area of Andhra Pradesh, South India. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(5), 3597-3606.
Bahadoran, Z., Mirmiran, P., Ghasemi, A. et al. (2015) Is dietary nitrate/nitrite exposure a risk factor for development of thyroid abnormality? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nitric Oxide 47:65–76.
Balaji, E.,Golla, V., Adimalla, N. et al. (2019). Factors controlling groundwater chemistry of Renigunta area, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, South India: A multivariate statistical approach based on hydrogeochemistry.HydroResearch. doi:10.1016/j.hydres.2019.06.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydres.2019.06.002
Balaji, E., Nagaraju, A.,Sreedhar, Y. et al. Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater in around Tirupati Area, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, South India. Appl Water Sci https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0448-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0448-6
Bari, M. L., &Yeasmin, S. (2014). WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT | Modern Microbiological Techniques. Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, 755–765. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384730-0.00353-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384730-0.00353-0
Bhujangaiah, N.S., & Vasudeva Nayak, (2005). Study of groundwater quality in and around Shimoga city, Karnataka.J.ind.coun.chem. 22(1); 42-47. 7, 1203–1212 (2017). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2015.04.002.
K., Balasubramani, K., Rutharvel, Murthy., M., Gomathi., K., Kumaraswamy. (2020). Integrated assessment of groundwater resources in a semi-arid watershed of South India: implications for irrigated agriculture. GeoJournal, 85(6), 1701-1723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10050-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10050-0
Laurent, R. (2022). Groundwater irrigation reduces overall poverty but increases socioeconomic vulnerability in a semiarid region of southern India. Dental Science Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12814-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12814-0
Nagaraju, A., Muralidhar, P., & Sreedhar, Y. (2016). Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality assessment of Rapur Area, Andhra Pradesh, South India. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 4, 88–99. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2016.44012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2016.44012
Rao, N.S., Sunitha, B., Adimalla, N., & Chaudhary, M. (2020). Quality criteria for groundwater use from a rural part of Wanaparthy District, Telangana State, India, through ionic spatial distribution (ISD), entropy water quality index (EWQI), and principal component analysis (PCA). Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 42(2), 579–599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00393-5
Schuh, W.M., Klinekebiel, D.L., Gardner, J.C., & Meyer, R.F. (1997). Tracer and nitrate movements to groundwater in the Northern Great Plains. Journal of Environmental Quality, 26, 1335-1347 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050020x
Todd, D.K., & Mays, L.W. (2005). Groundwater Hydrology (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, 652 p.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Y. Krunakar, Y. HPM Mohana Prasada Rao, Dr. U. Suresh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
