LEGAL AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF COMMERCIAL VS. ALTRUISTIC SURROGACY IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SURROGACY (REGULATION) ACT, 2021

Abstract [English]

This study explores the awareness, perceptions, and ethical concerns related to the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021, among surrogate mothers, intending parents, medical staff, and agents. The research used a mix of multiple-choice, Likert scale, and statistical tools to understand how well people know the law, what they feel about the shift from commercial to altruistic surrogacy, and whether the new system really protects stakeholders. A sample of 300 respondents provided their views through structured questions. The findings show that most respondents have a fair idea about the Act and its rules, but gaps still exist, especially among surrogate mothers who often depend on agents and clinics for information. Statistical tests like t-Test, ANOVA, Correlation, and Chi-Square confirmed that awareness levels are linked with clearer perceptions and concerns. Many respondents believe that although the new law aims to protect women from exploitation, there is still a need for stronger legal safeguards, better counselling, and transparent communication. The study suggests that spreading more awareness at the ground level and ensuring clear policy guidelines will help everyone involved. Overall, the results indicate that while the Act has brought positive changes, practical challenges remain in implementation. The research highlights the urgent need for continuous dialogue among all stakeholders to make surrogacy a safe, fair, and respectful process for women and families.