THE CONFLICT OF BUDDHISM IN THE MAHABODHI TEMPLE

Abstract [English]

This paper explores the complex dynamics surrounding the Mahabodhi Temple in Bodh Gaya, offering an in-depth case study of how sacred spaces are negotiated, contested, and transformed in the modern era. Revered as the site where the Buddha attained enlightenment, Bodh Gaya serves not only as a vital pilgrimage destination for Buddhists worldwide but also as a contested religious and cultural landscape marked by historical shifts and contemporary challenges. The study traces the site’s historical evolution - from its ancient origins under Emperor Ashoka, through periods of neglect and revival, to its current status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Particular attention is given to the ongoing dispute over the administration of the Mahabodhi Temple, which is emblematic of broader tensions between Buddhist and Hindu communities. This conflict highlights issues of religious identity, historical ownership, and institutional power. Moreover, the paper examines the role of tourism and heritage management in shaping the experience and meaning of the site, revealing how economic interests and state policies influence the preservation and presentation of religious heritage. By providing an insider’s perspective on the intricate interplay between faith, politics, and tourism, this study sheds light on how sacred spaces like Bodh Gaya are far from static. Instead, they are dynamic arenas where religious devotion, political agendas, identity politics, and commercial forces converge - sometimes harmoniously, but often in conflict - ultimately shaping their present significance and future trajectories.