BIO-MEDICAL WASTE IN INDIA: REGULATORY INSIGHTS AND FUTURE PATHWAYS

Abstract [English]

Bio-medical waste (BMW) management has become a critical issue worldwide, particularly in developing nations like India, where healthcare infrastructure is rapidly expanding. The improper disposal and treatment of BMW pose significant environmental and public health risks, as it can lead to contamination of soil, water, and air, as well as the spread of infectious diseases. Despite the existence of regulatory frameworks such as the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, India continues to face challenges in managing BMW due to gaps in infrastructure, enforcement, awareness, and technological advancement. This article deals with the current state of bio-medical waste management in India, providing insights into the regulatory landscape, judicial interventions, and challenges in implementation. It highlights the importance of strengthening the policy framework, promoting public-private partnerships, advancing technological innovation, and increasing capacity building and awareness. Additionally, the article draws lessons from global best practices and offers recommendations for harmonizing Indian laws with international standards. The role of the judiciary, particularly the National Green Tribunal, is also analyzed in ensuring compliance with BMW management standards. Finally, the article envisions an integrated bio-medical waste management system that prioritizes sustainability, efficiency, and health safety, ensuring a cleaner and healthier future for India.