MODELING THE FACTORS DETERMINING THE STATUS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN GANGA AND YAMUNA VALLEY OF UTTARKASHI DISTRICT, UTTARAKHAND: A TISM APPROACH

Shyamlal Gautam; Virendra Singh

doi:10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i7.2024.2897

Authors

Shyamlal Gautam Research Scholar, School of Arts & Humanities, IIMT University, Meerut
Dr. Virendra Singh Professor & Head, School of Arts & Humanities, IIMT University, Meerut

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i7.2024.2897

Keywords:

Economic Development, Ganga Yamuna Valley, Uttarkashi District, TISM Approach

Abstract [English]

This paper presents a comprehensive model for analyzing the factors determining the status of economic development in the Ganga and Yamuna valleys of Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand, using the Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) approach. The region is characterized by a diverse economic landscape shaped by its geographical, cultural, and environmental context. Through extensive literature review and stakeholder consultations, this study identifies key factors influencing economic development, including agricultural productivity, tourism potential, infrastructure development, environmental sustainability, education and skill development, water resource management, government policies, migration trends, hydropower potential, and cultural heritage.
Employing TISM, the paper systematically maps the relationships and hierarchies among these factors, revealing their interdependencies and identifying primary drivers of economic development. The findings highlight the importance of a holistic approach to policy formulation, emphasizing the need for integrated strategies that address the complexities of the local socio-economic environment. By providing a structured framework for understanding the dynamics of economic development in Uttarkashi, this research contributes valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers dedicated to fostering sustainable growth in the region. The model not only aids in visualizing the interconnections between various factors but also serves as a decision-making tool for prioritizing interventions and resource allocation.

References

Bhambri, R., Mehta, M., Tiwari, S. K., Yadav, J. S., & Sain, K. (2024). High mountain hazards in Uttarakhand. In Geo-information for Disaster Monitoring and Management (pp. 181-210). Cham: Springer International Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51053-3_9

Bhatt, K. (2023). "Migration Trends in Uttarkashi District: Implications for Economic Development." Indian Journal of Rural Studies, 29(1), 78-94.]

Chauhan, V., & Dixit, J. (2023). Geomorphic anomalies in Uttarakhand, India: A GIS-based approach for active tectonics. Journal of Earth System Science, 133(1), 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02208-9

Choudhary, A. & Negi, G. (2023). "Agricultural Development in the Uttarkashi District: Challenges and Prospects." Journal of Himalayan Ecology and Sustainable Development, 19(1), 45-59.

Devi, M. S., & Ara, S. (2024). Natural Disasters in Uttarakhand: Their Root Causes, Effects, and Suggestions. In Natural Resources Management and Sustainable Livelihoods in the Mountainous Region: Evidence, Gap and Future Strategies (pp. 325-336). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2100-9_19

Gupta, A., & Mehra, D. (2022). "Total Interpretive Structural Modelling for Sustainable Development in Mountainous Regions." Systems Science Journal, 9(1), 58-72.

Joshi, P. L., & Nag, S. (2024). Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management.

Joshi, R. & Dutta, S. (2022). "Environmental Sustainability and Economic Development in Uttarkashi: A Critical Analysis." Journal of Environmental Management, 300, 113815.

Kansal, M. L., & Singh, S. (2022). Flood management issues in Hilly regions of Uttarakhand (India) under changing climatic conditions. Water, 14(12), 1879. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121879

Khanduri, S. (2024). Cloudbursts Strike over Foothills Himalaya of Uttarakhand, India: A Case Study from Maldeota, Dehradun District. Academic Platform Journal of Natural Hazards and Disaster Management, 5(1), 30-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52114/apjhad.1434612

Kumar, N., & Bhatt, S. (2019). "Ecological Challenges in the Development of Uttarkashi Region." Environmental Studies Review, 22(1), 45-58.

Kumar, P., Patel, A., Rai, J., & Kumar, P. (2024). Environmental challenges and concurrent trend of weather extremes over Uttarakhand Himalaya. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 155(2), 1217-1246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-023-04690-z

Kumar, R. & Thakur, S. (2023). "Tourism in Uttarkashi: Opportunities and Challenges." International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 35(2), 67-82.

Kumar, S., & Aggarwal, A. (2021). A study on the applications of TISM in complex decision-making environments. International Journal of System Sciences, 30(3), 567-589.

Kumar, S., Kumar, P., Singh, A., Ashwani, & Kumar, M. (2022). Socio Economic Livelihood Vulnerability to Mountain Hazards: A Case of Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. In Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems for Policy Decision Support (pp. 169-190). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7731-1_8

Mazumder, S. K., & Sharma, S. (2021, December). Risk and uncertainty in hydro-power development in uttarakhand post kedarnath and chamoli flood disasters in Uttarakhand. In International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering (pp. 495-505). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1890-4_39

Mittal, S., Tripathi, G., & Sethi, D. (2008). Development strategy for the hill districts of Uttarakhand (No. 217). working Paper.

Negi, P. & Bhatt, J. (2023). "Hydropower Potential and its Economic Implications in Uttarkashi." Renewable Energy Journal, 194, 157-168.

Pal, M., Gupta, R., & Verma, P. (2022). Using Total Interpretive Structural Modelling to understand supply chain risk management. Journal of Operations Management, 45(1), 120-135.

Pant, R. (2023). "Educational Initiatives in Uttarkashi District: Impact on Local Development." International Journal of Educational Development, 89, 102440.

Raut, R., Pawar, P., & Thakur, A. (2023). Advanced approaches in Total Interpretive Structural Modeling: A comprehensive review. Decision Sciences Review, 28(2), 101-126.

Rawat, K., & Singh, M. (2022). "Water Resource Management in Uttarkashi: Challenges and Solutions." Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 14(12), 689-703.

Saini, N. (2023). "Cultural Heritage and Economic Development: A Study of Uttarkashi." Journal of Cultural Economics, 47(3), 215-230.

Sati, V. P. (2024). Farming Systems and Sustainable Agriculture in the Himalaya. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64687-4

Sharma, P., & Bhatnagar, R. (2023). "Assessing Infrastructure Development in Uttarkashi: A Key to Economic Growth." Uttarakhand Journal of Social Sciences, 12(3), 123-138.

Singh, A., & Sharma, V. (2023). Exploring the role of social media in shaping marriage practices using TISM. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 41(2), 230-248.

Singh, G., & Pandey, A. (2024). Climate change induced disasters and highly vulnerable infrastructure in Uttarakhand, India: current status and way forward towards resilience and long-term sustainability. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 9(2), 145-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2023.2253409

Singh, M., & Joshi, S. (2020). "Infrastructure Development and Its Role in Economic Growth: A Case Study of Uttarkashi." Journal of Development Economics, 18(4), 95-105.

Thakur, A., & Verma, P. (2020). "Agricultural Productivity and Economic Growth in Uttarakhand: Challenges and Opportunities." International Journal of Rural Development Studies, 5(3), 25-39.

Tyagi, N., Jayal, T., Singh, M., Mandwal, V., Saini, A., Nirbhav, ... & Nayak, S. (2022). Evaluation of observed and future climate change projection for Uttarakhand, India, using CORDEX-SA. Atmosphere, 13(6), 947. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060947

Verma, N. & Singh, A. (2023). "Impact of Government Schemes on Economic Development in Uttarkhand: A Case Study of Uttarkashi." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 42(2), 450-466.Sharma, P., & Singh, R. (2021). "Impact of Tourism on Economic Development in Uttarakhand." Journal of Mountain Research, 13(2), 112-128.