CLIMATE CHANGES AND AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN INDIA: ISSUE AND CHALLENGES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i1.2024.2566Keywords:
Production, Adaptation, Climate Change, Greenhouse Effect, Food SecurityAbstract [English]
Global climate change refers to the long-term shifts in weather patterns that affect different regions of the world. In contrast, "weather" describes the short-term variations in wind, temperature, and precipitation in a specific area. Agriculture is the sector most vulnerable to climate change within the Indian economy. Long-term climate shifts can impact agricultural productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis, transpiration, moisture availability, and both the quantity and quality of crops. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), India's temperatures are expected to rise by 3-5°C by the end of the twenty-first century, which could lead to a reduction of 3-26% in net agricultural revenues. This poses a significant threat to global food security as it alters seasonal temperature patterns. A decline in agricultural output could result in increased prices and make food unaffordable for many. Without effective mitigation and adaptation strategies, agricultural revenues may drop by 12-40% in the coming years. This situation is particularly critical for an agrarian country like India, affecting livelihoods, economic development, and food and employment security. It is essential to identify and address the factors contributing to the rise in greenhouse gases and the degradation of soil and water resources. Urgent mitigation and adaptation measures are necessary to tackle the challenges posed by global climate change. Stakeholders must focus on how quickly Indian farmers can adjust their practices to cope with these changes and what policies or technological innovations could facilitate this adaptation. However, in a developing country like India, where many farmers lack financial resources and expertise, rapid adaptation may be challenging.
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