RESEARCH STUDY OF SAINT POETRY TRADITION IN NIRGUN BHAKTI STREAM
निर्गुण भक्ति धारा में संत काव्य परम्परा का शोधपरक अध्ययन
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i3.2024.2526Keywords:
Nirguna Bhakti, Saint Poetry Tradition, Bhakti Literature, Shaivism, SectAbstract [English]
The scholars divided Bhakti literature into four streams- Gyanashrayi, Premashrayi, Ramashrayi and Krishnaashrayi. In this literature, Gyanashrayi stream is also recognized as Sant Kavya stream. Sant Kavya tradition was started by Kabir. Names of many saints are taken in this tradition. Its tradition is an example of the oldest tradition of Bhakti poetry. After taking Guru Diksha from Raghavanand, Ramanand started Ramavat Sampradaya. It is said that due to proximity with Shri Sampradaya, the difference between the two almost ended. Their basic mantra is 'Ram' or 'Sita Ram' and the deity is 'Shri Ram'. Their Ram, despite being formless and without attributes, takes incarnation for the welfare of the devotees. His twelve disciples are also called 'Mahabhagvat'. Among his disciples, there were Nirgunavadi saints like Saint Kabirdas, Raidas, Sennai, on the other hand, there were also Vaishnav Brahmin Sagunopasak Acharya devotees like Swami Anantanand, Bhavanand, Sursuranand, Narharyanand, who were full supporters of incarnation and worshiped idols.
Abstract [Hindi]
भक्ति साहित्य को अध्येदाताओं ने चार धाराओं में विभाजित किया-ज्ञानाश्रयी, प्रेमाश्रयी, रामाश्रयी तथा कृष्णाश्रयी। इस साहित्य में ज्ञानाश्रयी धारा को संत काव्य धारा के रूप में भी पहचान प्राप्त हुई। संत काव्य परंपरा का प्रवर्तन कबीर ने किया। इस परम्परा में अनेक संतों के नाम लिये जाते हैं। इसकी परम्परा भक्ति काव्य की प्राचीनतम परम्परा का उदाहरण है। राघवानन्द से गुरू दीक्षा लेने के बाद रामानन्द ने रामावत सम्प्रदाय का प्रवर्तन किया। कहा जाता है कि श्री सम्प्रदाय के साथ सानिध्य होने के कारण दोनों में भेद समाप्त जैसा हो गया। इनका मूल मंत्र ‘राम’ या ‘सीताराम’ है और इष्ट ‘श्रीराम’ हैं। इनके राम निर्गुण निराकार होते हुए भी भक्तों के कल्याण के लिए अवतार लेते हैं। इनके बारह शिष्यों को ‘महाभागवत्’ भी कहा जाता है। इनके शिष्यों में उस सन्त कबीरदास, रैदास, सेननाई जैसे निर्गुणवादी संत थे तो दूसरी ओर अवतारवाद के पूर्ण समर्थक, मूर्तिपूजा करने वाले स्वामी अनन्तानन्द, भावानन्द, सुरसुरानन्द, नरहर्यानन्द जैसे वैष्णव ब्राह्मण सगुणोपासक आचार्य भक्त भी थे।
References
Singh, Dr. Bachchan, Second History of Hindi Literature, p. 83.
Dr. Nagendra, History of Hindi Literature, p. 121
Dr. Nagendra, History of Hindi Literature, p. 125
Shukla, Acharya Ramchandra, History of Hindi Literature, p. 48
Dr. Nagendra, History of Hindi Literature, p. 129
Shukla, Acharya Ramchandra, History of Hindi Literature, p. 93
Dr. Nagendra, History of Hindi Literature, p. 131
Same, p. 133
Dr. Nagendra, History of Hindi Literature, p. 134
Shukla, Acharya Ramchandra, History of Hindi Literature, p. 56
Dr. Nagendra, History of Hindi Literature, p. 136
Shukla, Acharya Ramchandra, History of Hindi Literature, p. 59
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Copyright (c) 2024 Kamlesh Kumar, Dr. Shrikant Mishra
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