UNDERSTANDING AND EMBRACING ETHNIC DIVERSITY: EXPLORING THE CONCEPT

Sutapa Saryal

doi:10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i3.2024.2017

Authors

Dr. Sutapa Saryal Associate Professor, DAV College, Chandigarh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i3.2024.2017

Keywords:

Ethnicity, Ethnonationalism, Ethno National Accommodation

Abstract [English]

Today's societies are overwhelmingly multicultural and multiethnic. Ethnic conflicts, claims of ethno-religious identity, rights to self-determination, movements for recognition, etc., are problems faced by many of these states. One of the main problems facing humanity at a time when global interdependence is becoming more profound is community identities. Although historical continuity is implied by ethnicity, it is best understood as a strategic decision made by individuals who, in other circumstances, might choose to belong to a different group in order to gain some power and privilege, rather than just as a primordial phenomenon in which deeply held identities must reemerge. Thus, ethnicity may be used by its leadership to mobilize groups through ethnic symbols for sociocultural along with political-economic goals. Ethnic movements have emerged due to this selective selection of identities and symbols. As a result, both violent and non-violent conflicts frequently stem from ethnic tensions and movements. The current study tries to comprehend the reasons behind these movements and suggests tenable strategies and procedures for resolving disputes.

References

Brass, P. R. (1991). Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison UK, Sage publication.

Urmila Phadnis(1979) Ethnicity and Nation-building in South Asia: A Case Study of Sri Lanka India Quarterly, Vol. 35, No 3: 329-350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/097492847903500303

Barth, F. (1970). Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: Social Organization of Culture Differences. Allen & Unwin.

Maurice Jackson (1982) An Analysis Of Max Weber's Theory Of Ethnicity Humboldt Journal of Social Relations Vol. 10, No 1:4-18.

Smith, A. D. (1996). Culture, Community, and territory: The politics of ethnicity and nationalism. International Affairs, 72(3), 445–458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2625550

De Vos, G. A. (1995). Ethnic pluralism: Conflict and accommodation: The role of ethnicity in social history. In L. Romanucci-Ross & G. A. De Vos (Eds.), Ethnic identity: Creation, Conflict, and Accommodation (3rd ed., pp. 15–47). Alta Mira Press.

Brass, P. R. (1991). Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison UK, Sage publication.

Messay Kebede(2019) The Nature and Challenges of Ethnicity International Journal of Ethiopian Studies, Vol. 13, No 2, pp. 125-136.

Walker Connor (1973) The Politics of Ethnonationalism Journal of International Affairs Vol. 27, No 1: 1-21.

Hutchinson, J., & Smith, A. D. (1994). Nationalism. New York, Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. (2006). Identity and violence: The illusion of destiny. New Delhi: Ailen Lane.

Hutchinson, J., & Smith, A. D. (1996). Ethnicity. New York, Oxford University Press.

Walker Connor (1973) The Politics of Ethnonationalism Journal of International Affairs Vol. 27, No 1: 1-21.

Mathias, Bös. (2015). Ethnicity and Ethnic Groups: Historical Aspects. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences 2nd edition, Vol 8: 136-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.62015-9

Rodolfo Stavenhagen (1996) Ethnic Conflicts and the Nation-State New York, St. Martin Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25014-1

Gurr Ted Robert (2011). Why Men Rebel (1st ed.). New York, Routledge.

D. L. Sheth(1989) State, Nation and Ethnicity: Experience of Third World Countries Economic and Political Weekly Vol. 24, No 12: 619-626.

Rothschold, J. (1981). Ethno Politics: A Conceptual Framework. New York, Colombia University Press, 15-20.

Kellas, James G(1991) The Politics of Nationalism and Ethnicity, New York, St. Martin Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21527-0

Brass, P. R. (1991). Ethnicity and Nationalism Theory and Comparison, Sage:1-35.

Horowitz, Donald L. (1985) Ethnic Groups in Conflict Berkeley, University of California Press.

Hechter, M., Friedman, D., & Appelbaum, M. (1982). A Theory of Ethnic Collective Action. International Migration Review, 16(2), 412-434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/019791838201600207

Balibar, Etienne and Wallerstein, Immanuel (1991) Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities New York, Verso.

Hechter, Michael (2000) Containing Nationalism Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/019924751X.001.0001

Nagel, Joane (1994) Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture Social Problems Vol. 41, No 1:152-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1994.41.1.03x0430n

Driedger, Leo (ed.) (1994) Ethnic Canada: Identities And Inequalities, Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman Ltd.

Berray, Mohamed (2019) A Critical Review of the Melting Pot and Salad Bowl Assimilation and Integration Theories Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies Vol. 6, No. 1: 142-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/217

Brass, P. R. (1991). Ethnicity and Nationalism Theory and Comparison, Sage:18.

Kymlicka, Will (1996) Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights Oxford. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/0198290918.001.0001

Anne Phillips. Multiculturalism without Culture Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007

Spinner-Halev, Jeff, 'Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship', in Jacob T. Levy (ed.)(2015), The Oxford Handbook of Classics in Contemporary Political Theory (online edn, Oxford Academic, 10 Dec. 2015), accessed in Dec. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198717133.013.36

Villiers, B. d. (2012). Creating Federal Regions: Minority Protection Verses Sustainability Heidelberg Journal of International Law Vol. 72, No 2: 309-351.

Lijphart, A. (2018). Consociationalism After Half a Century. In: Jakala, M., Kuzu, D., Qvortrup, M. (eds) Consociationalism and Power-Sharing in Europe Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67098-0_1