INDUSTRIAL REJECTION: REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS BASED ON CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION AND RESEARCH FOR RECOVERABLE MATERIAL IN BYPRODUCTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i2.2020.520Keywords:
Industrial Wastewater, Heavy Metals, Chemical Precipitation, Removal, Treatment ProductAbstract
With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid development of industry and agriculture, a large number of industrial wastewater containing heavy metal is produced. In this study we worked on industrial rejection.
The method for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater based on chemical precipitation method is proposed in this paper, which utilizes lime (CaO), limestone (CaCO3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Research on gypsum (CaSO4, 2H2O) in byproducts resulted from precipitation is carried out based on thermal analyses, infrared spectra and XRD examinations.
The characterization of the effluent showed that’s very hard, rich in sulphate, chlorides, orthophosphate and in heavy metals. The results show that the examined chemical coagulants were all efficient in the removal of the studied metals (Cu, Cd, Fe, Co and Zn).
The overall results indicate that the optimum pH for hydroxide precipitation of the studied metals is varied between pH 6.0 and 10.0. Since all effluent guidelines require an effluent pH between 7 and 8, the use of carbonate treatment is, therefore, recommended because its buffering capacity value is around pH 7. The analyzes carried out on the byproducts of treatment (FTIR, XRD, TGA/TDA) show that they are mostly composed of gypsum: calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O).
Downloads
References
Islam, MS; Ahmed, MK; Rakunzzaman, M; Habibullah-Al-Mamun; Islam, MK. 2015. Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: A preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country. Ecol. Indicators, 48: 282-291 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.016
X.Liu, Q. Song, Y. Tang, W. Li, J. Xu, J. Wu, F. Wang, P.C. Brookes, Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil–vegetable system: A multi-medium analysis, Sci Total Environ. 463–464 (2013) 530-540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.064
M. Ye, G. Li, P. Yan, J. Ren, L. Zheng, D. Han, S. Sun, S. Huang, Y. Zhong, Removal of metals from lead-zinc mine tailings using bioleaching and followed by sulfide precipitation, Chemosphere 185 (2017) 1189–1196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.124
R. Wang., D.H.L. Ng., S. Liu. (2019). Recovery of nickel ions from wastewater by precipitation approach using silica xerogel. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 380:120826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120826
Q. Chen, Yuan Yaoa, Xinying Lia, Jun Lua, Juan Zhoua,b, Zhaolu Huanga. Comparison of heavy metal removals from aqueous solutions by chemical precipitation and characteristics of precipitates. Journal of Water Process Engineering 26 (2018) 289–300
Garrido-Baserba, M., Vinardell, S.,Molinos-Senante, M., Rosso, D., Poch,M., 2018. The economics of wastewater treatment decentralization: a techno-economic evaluation. Environmental Science & Technology 52, 8965–8976 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01623
Liu, L., Zhang, K., 2018. Nanopore-based strategy for sequential separation of heavy-metal ions in water. Environmental Science & Technology 52, 2007–2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06706
R. Mohamed, H.H. El-Maghrabi, M. Riad, S. Mikhail, Environmental friendly FeOOH adsorbent materials preparation, characterization and mathematical kinetics adsorption data, J. Water Proc. Eng. 16 (2017) 212–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.01.005
M.S. Oncel, A. Muhcu, E. Demirbas, M. Kobya, A comparative study of chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation for treatment of coal acid drainage wastewater, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 1 (2013) 989–995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.08.008
Son, E.B., Poo, K.M., Chang, J.S., Chae, K.J., 2018. Heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions using engineered magnetic biochars derived from waste marine macro-algal biomass. Sci. Total Environ. 615, 161–168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.171
Ying Zhu, Wenhong Fana, Tingting Zhou, XiaominLi . 2019. Removal of chelated heavy metals from aqueous solution: A review of current methods and mechanisms. Science of the Total Environment 678 (2019) 253–266 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.416
Islamoglu, S., Yilmaz, L., Ozbelge, H.O., 2006. Development of a precipitation based separation scheme for selective removal and recovery of heavy metals from cadmium rich electroplating industry effluents. Sep. Sci. Technol. 41, 3367–3385 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01496390600851665
Möller, A., Grahn, A., Welander, U., 2003. Precipitation of heavy metals from land fill leachates by microbially-produced sulphide. Environ. Technol. 25, 69–77 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330409355439
Aziz, H.A., Adlan, M.N., Ariffin, K.S., 2008. Heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr(III)) removal from water in Malaysia: post treatment by high quality limestone. Bioresour. Technol. 99, 1578–1583 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.007
Mauchauffée, S., Meux, E., 2007. Use of sodium decanoate for selective precipitation of metals contained in industrial wastewater. Chemosphere 69, 763–768 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.006
Naim, R., Kisay, L., Park, J., Qaisar, M., Zulfiqar, A.B., Noshin, M., Jamil, K., 2010. Precipitation chelation of cyanide complexes in electroplating industry wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Research 4, 735–740
Sun, J.M., Shang, C., Huang, J.C., 2003. Co-removal of hexavalent chromium through copper precipitation in synthetic wastewater. Environmental Science & Technology 37, 4281–4287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es030316h
M.A. Barakat, R. Kumar, Synthesis and characterization of porous magnetic silica composite for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 23 (2015) 93–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.07.046
M. Lim, M.-J. Kim, Reuse of washing effluent containing oxalic acid by a combined precipitation–acidification process, Chemosphere 90 (2013) 1526–1532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.047
R. Shah, Ligational, potentiometric and floatation studies on Cu(II) complexes of hydrazones derived from p and o-vanillin condensed with diketo hydrazide, J. Mol. Liquids 220 (2016) 939–953. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.04.047
D. Wang, Y. Ye, H. Liu, H. Ma, W. Zhang, Effect of alkaline precipitation on Cr species of Cr(III)-bearing complexes typically used in the tannery industry, Chemosphere 193 (2018) 42–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.006
B. Song, G. Zeng, J. Gong, J. Liang, P. Xu, Z. Liu, Y. Zhang, C. Zhang, M. Cheng, Y. Liu, S. ye, H. Yi, X. Ren, Evaluation methods for assessing effectiveness of in situ remediation of soil and sediment contaminated with organic pollutants and heavy metals, Environ. Int. 105 (2017) 43–55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.001
APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21st Edition, American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington DC (2005).
Binnie, C. and M. Kimber. 2013. Basic water treatment. 5thEdn., ICE Publishing, London, UK
H. Sis, T. Uysal, Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous medium using Kuluncak (Malatya) vermiculites and effect of precipitation on removal, Appl. Clay Sci. 95 (2014) 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.03.018
D. Wang, Y. Ye, H. Liu, H. Ma, W. Zhang, Effect of alkaline precipitation on Cr species of Cr(III)-bearing complexes typically used in the tannery industry, Chemosphere 193 (2018) 42–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.006
X. Chen, C. Shu, C. Lin, J. Zhi, W. Shangguan, Nickels/CdS photocatalyst prepared by flowerlike Ni/Ni(OH)2 precursor for efficiently photocatalytic H2 evolution, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 40 (2015) 998–1004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.11.058
N.B. Singh and B. Middendorf, "Calcium sulphate hemihydrate hydration leading to gypsum crystallization," Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, vol. 53, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2007.01.002
L. Tourneret, F. Berger, C. Mavon, and A. Chambaudet, "Calcium sulphate formation during the heat-up period: some essential parameters," Applied ClayScience, vol. 14, 1999, pp. 299-317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00005-8
C.R. Ravikumar, M.R.A. Kumar, H.P. Nagaswarupa, S.C. Prashantha, A.S. Bhatt, M.S. Santosh, D. Kuznetsov, CuO embedded β-Ni(OH)2 nanocomposite as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors, J. Alloys. Compd. 736 (2018) 332–339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.111
W. Kettum, T.T.V. Tran, S. Kongparakul, P. Reubroycharoen, G. Guan, N. Chanlek, C. Samart, Heavy metal sequestration with a boronic acid-functionalized carbon-based adsorbent, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 6 (2018) 1147–1154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.01.043
El Cadi A., Fakih Lanjri A., Lalilti A., Chouaibi N., Asskali A., KhaddorM.,J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 5 (S1) (2014) 2223-2229,
El-Didamony H, Gado HS, Awwad NS, Fawzy MM, Attallah MF. Treatment of phosphogypsum waste produced from phosphate ore processing. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2013;245:596– 602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.053
Karim F., M. Waqif and L. Saâdi, Verres, Céramiques& Composites, Vol.2, N°2, 19-31 (2013)
Nabawia Mechi1, Mohamed Ammar1*, Mouna Loungou2 and Elimame Elaloui1 . Thermal Study of Tunisian Phosphogypsum for Use in Reinforced Plaster. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 16(3): 1-10, 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2016/25728
S. Oumnih., EK. Gharibi, EB. Yousfi, N. Bekkouch, K. El Hammouti. (2017). Phosphogypsum waste valorization by acid attack with the presence of metallic iron. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 8(1): 338-344
A.S.T.M., Powder diffraction n° 03 00443
R. Magallanesrivera, J. Escalantegarcia, a3nd A. Gorokhovsky, "Hydration reactions and microstructural characteristics of hemihydrate3 with citric and malic acid," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 23, 2009, pp. 1298-1305 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.07.022
Hammas, I. Horchani-Naifer, K. Férid, M. Solubility study and valorization of phosphogypsum salt solution. Int J Miner Process 2013;123:87–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2013.05.008
Cuadri, A. A. Navarro, F.J. García-morales, M. Bolívar, J.P. Valorization of phosphogypsum waste as asphaltic bitumen modifier. 2014;279:11–6.
Mymrin, V.A. Alekseev, K.P. Nagalli, A. Catai, R.E. Romano, C.A. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering Hazardous phosphor-gypsum chemical waste as a principal component in environmentally friendly construction materials. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.02.027
Tayibi, H. Choura, M. López, F. Alguacil, F.J. López-Delgado, A. Environmental impact and management of phosphogypsum. J Environ Manage 2009;90:2377–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.03.007
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
License and Copyright Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
- That its release has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
For More info, please visit CopyRight Section
