EXTRACTION OF BARU ALMOND OIL USING ALTERNATIVE SOLVENTS TO HEXANE: ETHANOL AND ISOPROPANOL

Ana Luísa S. Souza; Julia S. Miranda; Rita C. S. Sousa; Bruno B. Vieira; Jane S. R. Coimbra

doi:10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i8.2020.1197

Authors

Ana Luísa S. Souza Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
Julia S. Miranda Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
Rita C. S. Sousa Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1156-4667
Bruno B. Vieira Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2189-9150
Jane S. R. Coimbra Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-189X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i8.2020.1197

Keywords:

Kinetic Extraction, Optimization, Batch, Response Surface Methodology

Abstract [English]

The baru oil has a high degree of unsaturation and relevant amount of oleic and linoleic acids content, which favors its use for food and pharmaceutical industries. Hexane is the most widely used solvent for oil extraction. However, its flammability, cost, and polluting potential justify the study of alternatives solvents such as ethanol and isopropanol that are less toxic and flammable and efficient in the extraction of other oils, as already reported in literature. This work represents the extraction of baru almond oil with the solvents hexane, ethanol, isopropanol, and isopropanol: ethanol (1:1) to compare their extraction yields. The parameters solid: solvent ratio, temperature and time were optimized using a central composite design. The higher yields were found in lower solid: solvent ratios and higher temperatures (ethanol - 29.12 %, isopropanol - 39.66 %, isopropanol: ethanol - 41.13 % and hexane - 36.59 %). Isopropanol and isopropanol: ethanol (1:1) mixture presented satisfactory results when compared to hexane, becoming alternatives for its replacement. In the extractions which the time was significant, the adjustment of the kinetic models indicated that the extraction is described by a second order model. The solvents researched showed to be promising for hexane replacement in the oil extraction from baru almond.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Fernandes, D. C., Freitas, J. B., Czeder, L. P. and Naves, M. M. V. Nutritional composition and protein value of the baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) almond from the Brazilian Savanna, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2010, 90(10), 1650–1655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3997

Cruz, K. S., Silva, M. A., Freitas, O. and Neves, V. A. Partial characterization of proteins from baru (Dipteryx alata Vog) seeds, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91, 2011, 2006-2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4410

Liu, G., Guasch-Ferre, M., Hu, Y., Li, Y., Hu, F. B., Rimm, E. B., Manson, J. E., Rexrode, K. and Sun Q. Nut consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus, Circ. Res. 19, 2019, 1–18.

Campidellia, M. L. L., Carneiro, J. D. S., Souza, E. C., Magalhães, M. L., Nunes, E. E. C., Faria, P. B., Franco, M. and Vilas Boas, E.V. B. Effects of the drying process on the fatty acid content, phenolic profile, tocopherols and antioxidant activity of baru almonds (Dipteryx alata Vog.), Grasas y Aceites 71 (1), 2020, 343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.1170182

Siqueira, A. P. S. and Castro, C. F. S. Chemical quality of Baru almond (Dipteryx alata oil), Ciência Rural 46(10), 2016, 1865-1867. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150468

Borges, T. H., Malheiro, R., Souza, A. M., Casal, S. and Pereira, J. A. Microwave heating induces changes in the physicochemical properties of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) and soybean crude oils, European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 117, 2014, 503-513. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201400351

Fetzer, D. L., Cruz, P. N., Hamerski, F. and Corazza, M. L. Extraction of baru (Dipteryx alata vogel) seed oil using compressed solvents technology, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 137, 2018, 23–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2018.03.004

Fernandes, D. C., Alves, A. M., Castro, G. S. F., Jordão Jr. A. A. and Naves, M. M. V. Effects of baru almond and brazil nut against hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in vivo, Journal of Food Research 4 (4), 2015, 38-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n4p38

Schincaglia, R. M.; Cuppari, L.; Neri, H. F. S.; Cintra, D. E.; Sant’Ana, M. R.; Mota, J. F. Effects of baru almond oil (Dipteryx alata Vog.) supplementation on body composition, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid profile, and plasma fatty acids of hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, Complementary Therapies in Medicine 52, 2020, 102479. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102479

Marques, F., Neto, J., Cunha, L., Paula, J. and Bara, M. Identification of terpenes and phytosterols in Dipteryx alata (baru) oilseeds obtained through pressing, Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 25, 2015, 522-525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.019

Batista, A. C. F., Rodrigues, H. C., Pereira, N. R., Hernadez-Torrones, M. G., Viera, A. T. and Oliveira, M. F. Use of baru oil (Dipteryx alata Vog.) to produce biodiesel and study of the physical and chemical characteristics of biodiesel/petroleum diesel fuel blends, Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 48 (1), 2012, 13-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10553-012-0329-0

Pineli, L. L. O., Carvalho, M. V., Aguiar, L. A., Oliveira, G. T., Celestino, S. M. C., Botelho, R. B. A. and Chiarello, M. D. Use of baru (Brazilian almond) waste from physical extraction of oil to produce flour and cookies, LWT - Food Science and Technology 60(1), 2015, 50–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2014.09.035

Rincón‐Cervera, M. A.; Galleguillos‐Fernández, R.; González‐Barriga, V.; Valenzuela, R.; Speisky, H.; Fuentes, J., Valenzuela, A. Fatty acid profile and bioactive compound extraction in purple viper's bugloss seed oil extracted with green solvents, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 97, 2020, 319-327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12328

Sousa, A. G. O., Fernandes, D. C., Alves A. M., Freitas, J. B. and Naves, M. M. V. Nutritional quality and protein value of exotic almonds and nut from the Brazilian Savanna compared to peanut, Food Research International. Barking 44, 2011, 2319–2325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.013

Lira, F. F., Machado, W.; Santos, J. V. D.; Takashi, S. A., Guimarães, M. F. and Leal, A. C. Evaluation of the centesimal composition of macaúba fruits, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Reports 2, 2013, 17-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/2316-5200.2013v2n3espp17

Drummond, A. R. F., Gazineu, M. H., Almeida, L. and Souto, M. Methanol and ethanol as solvents in extraction of castor oil, Congress Brazilian Biodiesel Technology 1, 2006, 3-7.

Sawada, M. M.; Venâncio, L. L.; Toda, T. A.; Rodrigues, C. E. C. Effects of different alcoholic extraction conditions on soybeanoil yield, fatty acid composition and protein solubility of defatted meal, Food Res. Int. 62, 2014, 662–670. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.039

Baker, E. C. and Sullivan, D. A. Development of a pilot-plant process for the extraction of soy flakes with aqueous isopropyl-alcohol, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 60, 1983, 1271-1277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02702099

Seth, S., Agrawal, Y. C., Ghosh, P. K., Jayas, D. S. and Singh, B. P. N. Effect of moisture content on the quality of soybean oil and extracted by isopropyl alcohol and hexane, Food Bioprocess Technology 3, 2010, 121-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-008-0058-x

Harris, W. D. and Hayward, J. W. Isopropanol as solvent for extraction of cottonseed oil. III. The use of recycling to effect solvent economy, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 27, 1950, 273-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02634905

Abdelmoez, W., Abdelfatah, R. and Tayeb, A. Extraction of cottonseed oil using subcritical water technology, American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE Journal 2011, 57, 2353-2359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.12454

Sayyar, S., Abidin, Z. Z., Yunus, R. and Muhammad, A. Extration of oil from jatropha seeds- optimization and kinects, American Journal of Applied Sciences 7, 2009, 1390-1395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.1390.1395

Muhammad Hazwan, H., Azlina, C. M., Hasfalina,C.M., Zurina, Z.A. and Hisshamuddin, J. Optimization and kinetcs study of Gaharu oil extraction, Internationational Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnogical Engineering 7 (6), 2013, 454-457.