ANALYSIS OF FOOD SECURITY STATUS AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN MUBI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

A.S. Haddabi; N. J Ndehfru; A. Aliyu

doi:10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i7.2019.757

Authors

A.S. Haddabi Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria
N. J Ndehfru Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria
A. Aliyu Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i7.2019.757

Keywords:

Food Security, Analysis, Status, Rural, Farming, Household

Abstract [English]

The study analyzes Food security status among rural farming households in Mubi North local Government Area of Adamawa state, Nigeria. Respondents’ socio- economic characteristics, food security status determinants of household food security and production constraints faced by respondents in achieving food security in the study area were investigated. Data were collected from one hundred and twelve (112) randomly selected rural farmers in six villages of the six (6) selected wards of Mubi North local government area using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis. The result revealed that 72.32% of the respondents were male and 75% were married. Majority (72.33%) of the respondents had one form of formal education or the other and with a mean farming experience of 12 years. The respondents were mostly in their economically active age (mean age of 37 years) and cultivate an average of 2.95 hectares of farm land using personal savings. The mean per capita food expenditure per month was estimated to be N6, 205.11 and the value was used as food security index, and majority (74.10%) of the households were food secured in the study area. The result further revealed that educational level, farm size, farming experience and total monthly income of household heads were positively related to households’ food security status, while age of households’ head was inversely related to food security status. The major production constraints to achieving food security status in the study area include; poor access to credit facilities (98%), high cost of agro-chemicals (81%) inadequate and high cost of fertilizer (78%), shortage of labour (77%), poor storage facilities (62%) and inadequate extension visit (51%). The study among others recommended that rural farmers should be trained on farm management efficiency to boost production capacity and they should explore non-farm income to augment their existing income so as to increase their potentials considering that most of the farmers are youths.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adebayo, A. A. (2004). Mubi Region. A Geographic Synthesis. Paraclete Publishers. Yola. Pp. 17-37.

Adebayo, O.O. (2012). Effects of Family Size on Household Food Security in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development. 2 (2), 136-141.

Agwu, N.M. and Oteh, O.U. (2014). Analysis of Income Inequalities and Food Security among Farmers in Abia State, South Eastern Nigeria. Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development. Vol. 14 issue 3, p7-13.

Ajagbe, F.A. (2012). Analysis of Access to and Demand for Credit by Small Scale Entrepreneurs. Evidence from Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences. Volume 3 (3): 180-183.

Akarue, O.B. and Bakporhe, O.T. (2013). Food Insecurity and its Determinants In Rural Households in Ughelli North Local Government Area of Delta State. Nigeria. Department of Agricultural Science Education, College of Education, Warri, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Agriculture and Biology Research 1 (2): 20-30, 2013. Seath Publications, 2013, ISSN: 2354-2934.

Akpan, S.B., Jeiyol, E.N., and Tee, T.N. (2013). Gender Analysis of Access to Credit by Rural Small Scale Farmers in Benue State Nigeria. American International Journal of Social Science. Vol. 2. No. 6. August 2013.

Aletor, V.A. (1999. Anti-nutritional Factors as Nature’s Paradox in Food and Nutrition Securities. Inaugural Lecture Series 15. Federal University of Technology. Akure. 12th August, 1999. Pp. 1-88.

Ali, D. (1994). Executive Summary and Introduction: Food and Food Security In Africa. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Rome. Italy.

Amaza, P.S., Umeh, J.C., Hesen, J. and Adejobi, A.O. (2006). Determinants and Measurement of Food Insecurity in Nigeria: Some Empirical Policy Guide. Paper Presented at the International Association of Agricultural Economists’ Conference, Gold Coast, Australia, and August 12-26.

Anyanwu, A. C., Agwu, A. E., and Musa, A. P. (2001). Adoption of Gender Specific Innovation by Women in State. Journal of Agricultural Extension 5, 64-72.

Arene, C.J., and Anyaeji. J.(2010). Determinants of Food Security Among Households in Nsukka Metropolis of Enugu State. Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences 30 (1): 9 – 16.

Ayantoye, K., Yusuf, S.A., Omonona, B.T., and Amao, J.O. (2011). Food Insecurity Dynamics and its Correlates among Rural Households in South Western Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development 4(1): 43-55.

Babatunde, R.O., Omotesho, O.A., and Sholotan, O.S. (2007). Socio-Economic Characteristics and Food Security Status of Farming Households in Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 6(1): 49-59.

Bzugu, P.M., Gwary, M.M., and Idrisa, Y. (2005). Impact of Extension Services On Rural Poverty Alleviation among Farmers in Askira Uba Local Government Area, Borno State. Sahela Analyst, 7(1&2), 94-102.

Central Bank of Nigeria (2001). Economic and Financial Review vol. 36 No. 1.

Central Bank of Nigeria (2004). Central Bank of Nigeria Annual Report and Financial Statements.

Clement, A.C. (2014). Assessment of Food Security Status among Rural Farming Households in Guma Local Government Area of Benue State. Nigeria. Economic Policy Research Department Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER) Ibadan, Oyo State.

Clover, J. (2003). Food Security in Sub-Saharan African. African Security Review 12(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2003.9627566

Cruz, L. (2010). Responsible Governance of Land Tenure: An Essential Factor For the Realization of the Right to Food. Land Tenure Working Group Discussion Paper 15, FAO. Rome.

Datt, G., Simler, K., Mukherjee, S., and Dava, G. (2000). Determinants of Poverty in Mozambique 199677 (FCND Discussion Paper. No. 78). International Food Policy Research Institute.Washington, DC.

Dercon, S., and Krishnan, P. (1996). Income Portfolio in Rural Ethiopia and Tanzania: Choices and Constraints. Journal of Development Studies. 32 (6): 850-75.

Devereux, S., Baulch, B.B., Hussein, K., Shohan, J., Sida, H., and Wilcock, D. (2004). Improving the Analysis of Food Insecurity: Food Insecurity Measurement, Livelihoods Approaches and Policy: Applications in Food Insecurity Vulnerability and Mapping System. Environmental Science Policy. (7): Pp. 487-498.

Duhaime, G., and Godmaire, A. (2002). the Conditions of Sustainable Food Security. An (Ed). Sustainable Food Security in the Arctic. State of Knowledge. Edmonton, University of Alberta, CCI Press and GETIC Occasional Publications Series No. 52. Pp. 15 – 45.

Fakiyesi, O. M. (2001). Encouraging Growth to reduce Poverty in Nigeria. In C.B.N. Economic and Financial Review vol. 39 No. 2. Pp.132-137.

Food and Agriculture Organization (1996). Food and Agriculture Organization. World Food Summit, November 13-17, 1996, Rome, Italy. Technical Background Documents, 6-13, Vol II. Pp1-47.

Food and Agriculture Organization (1998). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Energy for sustainable Development and Food Security in Africa. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Food and Agriculture Organization (2002). The State of Food Insecurity in the World. 2002. Rome. Pp.4-10.

Food and Agriculture Organization (2004). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food Insecurity in the World: Monitoring progress toward the world food summit and Millenium Development Goals. Rome, F.A.O.

Food and Agriculture Organization (2005). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT, Statistical Database. Rome, FAO.

Food and Agriculture Organization (2006). the State of Food Insecurity in The World. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.

Food and Agriculture Organization (2010). Global Hunger Declining but Still Unacceptably High: International Hunger Targets Difficult to Reach. Economic and Social Development Department September 2010. Rome: FAO.

Food and Agriculture Organisation, World Food Programme and International Fund for Agricultural Development (2012). The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2012: Economic Growth is necessary but not sufficient to Accelerate Reduction of Hunger and Malnutrition. Rome, FAO.

Food and Agriculture Organisation (2012). The State of Food Insecurity in The World 2012: Economic Growth is Necessary but not sufficient to Accelerate Reduction of Hunger and Malnutrition. FAO Inter- Departmental Working Group, Rome. Italy. ISBN- 13:9789251073162, Pages: 60.

Feleke, S.T., Kilmer, R.L., and Gladwin, C.H. (2003). Determinants of Food Security in Southern Ethiopia at the Household Level. Agricultural Economics 33 (3): 351-363.

Fayeye, T.R. and Ola, D.J. (2007). Strategies for Food Security and Health Africa. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. Vol. 3. No. 6. Pp. 808-814.

Federal Government of Nigeria (2007). Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette: Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Totals of the 2006 Census.

Federal Ministry of Agriculture (2008). Food Consumption: Food and Nutrition Paper 20. FAO. Rome.

Frankenberger, T., and Mc Caston, M. (1999). Rapid Food and Livelihood Security Assessments: A Comprehensive Approach for Diagnosing Nutritional Security. Overcoming Malnutrition in Developing Countries, Overseas Publishers Association. Amsterdam.

Gebremedhin, T.G. (2000) Problems and Prospects of the World Food Situation. Journal of Agribusiness. 18 (2) 221-236.

Global Hunger Index Report (2012). the Challenge of Hunger: Ensuring Sustainable Food Security under Land, Water and Energy stresses. IFPRI, Concern Worldwide, Welthungerhilfe and Green Scenery: Bonn / Washington, DC / Dublin October 2012.

Google Map. (2018). Map of Adamawa State Showing Mubi North Local Government Area. Retrieved from

https://www.google.com/imgres?Imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Farticle. sapub.org%2Fimage%2F10.5923.j.Geo.20150501.03_001.gif&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Farticle.sapub.org%2F10.5923.j.geo.20150501.03.html&docid=yrJ3rso7ldtb_M&tbnid=ENrPiP8f3XP8PM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwimOKXBmeHZAhXCK8AKHfanA2gQMwgQMwgzKAMwAw..i&w=1099&h=1345&bih=659&biw=1366&q=adamawa%20state%20map%20showing%20mubi%20north&ved=OahUKEwimOKXBmeHZAhXCK8AKHfanA2gQMwgzKAMwAw&iact=mrc&uact=8

Hadebe, L.B., and Mpofu, J. (2013). Empowering Women through Improved Food Security in Urban Centers. A Gender Survey in Bulawayo Urban Agriculture. African Educational Research Journal. 1 (1): 18-32.

Helen, H. J. (2002): Food Insecurity and the food stamp Programme. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Vol. 84 No. 5 Pp. 1215 – 1218.

Henneberry, S., and Carrasco, D. (2014). Global Food Security: Emerging Economics and Diverging Food Markets. Journal of Food Distribution Research 45(1).

Ibeanu, O. (2009). Policy Guidelines on Crop Production and Agro–based Industrialization in Nigeria, Agricultural Development Bulletin. Abuja.

Idrisa, Y.L., Gwary, M.M., and Ibrahim, A. (2006): Determinants of Adoption of Cassava Farming Technologies in Mubi north Local Government Area of Adamawa State Nigeria. Journal of Production Agriculture and Technology, 2(2): 26-36.

International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies (2014). Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2014. Pp. 34-42. ISSN 2394-6288 (Print) And ISSN 2394-6296 (Online).

Ingawa, S. A. (2002). Keynote address at the 8th Annual conference of the Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria held in Benin City, 16 – 19 September, In Olowu T. A. (Ed). Proceedings of the Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria.

Iremiren, G.O. (1992). Our Bread is No More Daily. Inaugural Lecture Delivered at The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, April 17, 1992.

Jacob, O.I. (2013). Food Insecurity in Nigeria: Way Forward. Department of Economics University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. International Multi disciplinay Journal, Ethiopia. Vol. 7 (4). Serial No. 31, September, 2013. Pp. 26-35.

Jrad, S., Nahas, B., and Baghasa, H. (2010). Food Security Models. Policy Brief No. 33. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, National Agricultural Policy Center, Syrian Arabic Republic, August 2010. Pp. 1-32.

Jayne, T.S., Zulu, B., Mather, D., Mghenyi, E., Chirwa, E. and Tschirley, D. (2005a). Maize Marketing and Trade Policy in a Pro- poor Agricultural Growth Strategy: Insights from Household Surveys in Eastern and Southern Africa. Paper Prepared for Conference “Toward improved Maize Marketing and Trade Policies in the Southern Africa Region” Sponsored by FANRPAN/ Rocket feller Foundation, Pretoria, South Africa, June 21-22. 2005.

Kirwan, J., and Maye, D. (2013). Food Security Framings within the UK and The Intergration of Local Food Systems. Journal of Rural Studies. 29, 91-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.03.002

Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. (2nd Edition). New Age International Publishers.

Makombe, T., Lewin, P. and Fisher, M. (2010). The Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Malawi: Implications for Agricultural Policy. IFPRI Policy.

Mano, R., Isaacson, B. and Dardel, P. (2003). Identifying the Policy Determinants of Food Security Responses and Recovery in SADC Region: A Case of the 2002 Food Emergency Food Agriculture and Natural Resource Network Policy Paper.

Maharjan, K.L., and Chhetri, A.K. (2006). Household Food Security in Rural Areas of Nepal: Relationship between socio-economic characteristics and food security status. Paper Presented at the International Association of Agricultural Economists’ Conference, Gold Coast. Australia. August 12-26.

Mutisya, M., Kandala, N., Ngware, M.W., and Kabiru, C.W. (2015). Household Food (in) Security and Nutritional Status of Urban Poor Children Aged 6 to 23 months in Kenya. BMC Public Health. 15(1):1.

Ndaghu, A.A., Maurice, D.C., and Zubairu, E. (2009). Adoption of the New Rice for Africa (NERICA) Rice Variety among Small Scale Farmers in Taraba State. Nigerian Journal of Tropical Agriculture 11:259-265.

Okon, U.E., Frank, N.N., Etowa, E.B., and Nkeme, K.K. (2017). Household Level Food Security States and it’s determinants among rural farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Agricultural Science Journal Vol.7 (10): 297-303. October, 2017.

Okwoche, V.A., Asogwa, B.C., Obinne, P.C. (2012). Evaluation of Agricultural Credit Utilization by Cooperative Farmers in Benue State of Nigeria. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences. April 2012.

Olayemi, J. K. (1998): The Nigerian Food Equation towards a Dynamic Equilibrium, University of Ibadan Inaugural Lecture. No. 167.

Oluwatayo, I.B. (2012). Gender Considerations in Decision Making in Rural Nigeria. Implications on Households Food Security in Ekiti State. Multi disciplinary Journal of Empirical Research. 2 (1). Pp. 21-30.

Oluyole, K.A., Oni, O.A., Omonona, B.T., and Adenegan, K.O. (2009). Food Security among Cocoa Farming Households of Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. Vol.4. No.5,Pp. 7-13.

Omonona, B.T., and Agoi, G.A. (2007). An Analysis of Food Security Situation Among Nigeria Households: Evidence from Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Central European Agriculture, Vol. 8, No.3 Pp. 397-406.

Omonona, B., Agoi, T. and Adetokunbo, G. (2007). An Analysis of Food Security Situation among Nigerian Urban Households: Evidence from Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Central of European Agriculture. 8 (3), 399-406.

Omotesho, O.A., Adewumi, M.O., Muhammad- Lawal, A., and Ayinde, O.E. (2006). Determinants of Food Security among the Rural Farming Households of Kwara State. Nigeria. African Journal of General Agriculture, 2(1): 7-15.

Oni, O.A., Salman, K.K., and Idowu, B.O. (2011). Social Capital Dimensions And Food Security among Farming Households in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of American Science 7(8): 776-783.

Oriola, E.O. (2009). Irrigation Agriculture. An Option for Achieving the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) in Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning 2(7). Pp. 176-181.

Oyebanjo, O., Ambali, O. I., and Akerele, E.O. (2013). Determinants of Food Security Status and Incidence of Food Insecurity among Rural Farming Households in Ijebu Division of Ogun State, Nigeria. J. Agric. Sci. and Env., Vol. 13, pp.92 -100.

Pinstrup – Anderson, P. (2009). Food Security: Definition and Measurement. Springer Sciences Business Media BBV and International Society of Plant Pathology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-008-0002-y

Robert, A., James, O.M., and Thomas, T. (2013). Determinants of Household Food Security in the Sekyere – Afram Plains District of Ghana. Proceedings of the International Inter disciplinary Conference Azores, Portugal, 24 – 26 April.

Rose, D., Gunderson, C., and Oliveira, V. (1998). Socio- economic Determinants of Food Insecurity in the United States. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, NY. United States.

Shala, A., and Stacey, E. (2001). United States Department of Agriculture: Economic Research Service. Food Security Assessment, Regional Overview Information Bulletin. United Nations Integrated Regional Information Network (2002): Food crises Aggravates spread of HIV.

Shehu, A.A., Maurice, D.C., Yohanna, I., and Stephen, F.S. (2012). Analysis of Resource – use Efficiency in Rice Production for Food Security among Farmers in Yola South Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Savannah Journal of Agriculture. 7 (1). Pp. 104 – 109.

Smith, J. (2007). Food Security in Sudan: Darfur- overview. Sudan. June 2007. UNICEF. http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/sudan-darfuroverview.html.

Tewe, O.O. (1997). Sustainability and Development: Paradigms from Nigeria’s Livestock Industry. Inaugural Lecture Delivered at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, October 9, 1997.Pp 1-84.

Valdes, A., Foster, W., Anriquez, G., Azzari, C., Covarrubias, K., Davis, B., Digiuseppe, S., Essam, T., Hertz, T., Paula de la, A.O., Quinones, E., Stamoulis, K., Winters, P., and Zezza, A. (2010). A Profile of the Rural Poor. A Background Paper for IFAD Rural Poverty Report. IFAD. Rome. http://www.ifad.org/rural/rpr2010/background/2.pdf.

World Bank (2008). The Growth Report: Strategies for Sustained Growth and Inclusive Development. Washington, DC.

World Bank (2000). World Development Indicators 2000. World Development Indicators. Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/ 10986/13828 License: CC by 3.0 IGO”. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-4553-2

World Bank (1986). Poverty and Hunger: Issues and Options for Food Security in Developing Countries. Washington DC.

Yusuf, S.A., Balogun, O.L., and Falegbe, O.E. (2015). Effect of Urban Household Farming on Food Security Status in Ibadan Metropolis Oyo State. Nigeria. Agricultural Sciences. 60 (1): 61-75.

Zubairu, E.A., and Maurice, D.C. (2014). Analysis of Household Food Insecurity among Food Crop Farmers in Ardo-Kola Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Taraba Journal of Agricultural Research, 2 (2): 20-25.