VITAMIN D AND HIV INFECTION: THE CORRELATION & NEED FOR EVALUATION

Dr. Vandana Dabla; Dr. Ramesh Allam Reddy

doi:10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.876

Authors

Dr. Vandana Dabla Project Officer-NISCHIT, CDC-SHARE INDIA, Society for Health Allied Research & Education (SHARE) India, MIMS Campus, Ghanpur Village, Medchal Mandal, Telangana, India
Dr. Ramesh Allam Reddy Society for Health Allied Research & Education (SHARE) India, MIMS Campus, Ghanpur Village, Medchal Mandal, Telangana, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.876

Keywords:

HIV, PLHIV, Bone Mineral Density, 1,25(OH)Vitamin D, Mineralization

Abstract [English]

Background: India is the country with the third highest HIV disease burden globally. One of the most common long-term complications of HIV infection is bone diseases. There is prevalence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and thus higher risk of fragility fractures among PLHIV. Further, many HIV-positive cohorts suggest Vitamin-D hypovitaminosis exposing to osteopenia/osteoporosis in this population. This detailed review would provide an insight on correlation of Vitamin-D hypovitaminosis and HIV infection.

Material & Methods: A thorough review of published research studies and literature work was conducted. These studies were selected on the basis of data available on HIV seropositive population and Vitamin D in peer reviewed indexed journals. Both prospective and retrospective studies with or without control groups and randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) reporting baseline vitamin D status in HIV seropositive patients were included.

Results: We reviewed the association of vitamin D deficiency with HIV progression, mortality, and AIDS events, increased incidence and severity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a challenging metabolic condition in PLHIV. Further, the impact of antiretroviral drugs on vitamin D metabolism was studied. The effect of body index mass and non- and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors effects with hypovitaminosis D was further reviewed along with supplementation therapy of the vitamin and its effect in HIV positive population.

Conclusion: The optimal levels of 1,25(OH)Vitamin D is necessary for regulation of calcium and phosphorus balance for bone mineralization and remodelling. Without its adequate level in bloodstream; dietary calcium cannot be absorbed and thus causes a low BMD.

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