EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY INDEX OF THE BRASS RIVER, BAYELSA STATE, SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i8.2017.2233Keywords:
Water Quality Index, Heavy Metals, Brass River, Physico-Chemical, Ecological Risk, EvaluationAbstract [English]
The purpose of this study is to evaluate some major physical, chemical variables and heavy metals in water of the Brass River, Bayelsa State, South-South, Nigeria and assess the potential ecological risk. The variables investigated were: pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, TSS, Cl- , SO2-4, HCO- 3, TH, TA, Ca2+, K and Mg2+ , while the heavy metals were: Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd, Ni and Cr respectively. The results showed that pH, EC, TDS, Cl-, SO4, TA, TH, Na and K were appreciably high and the heavy metals: Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd, Ni was found at low concentration, Cr and Mn was below detection limits (BDL). Water quality index (WQI) was computed in order to assess suitability to beneficial purposes and assess the potential ecological risk of the Brass River. The results obtained on WQI from the four sampling stations (Mouth, Upstream, Downstream and Middlestream) fluctuate from 84.13 to 86.36. Hence, the Brass River water quality is considered good based on the water quality index (WQI). A comparative analysis of this study with FEPA, CCME standards for brackish water revealed that the results obtained in this study were within the permissible limits and concomitant with documented studies from similar environments.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, A.K., Mushrifah, I. and Shuhaimi-Othmanm M.. Water quality and heavy metal concentrations in sediment of Sungai Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia: A baseline study. Sains Malaysiana 38(4): 2009, 435–442.
Amadi Akobundu N. Quality assessment of Aba River using heavy metal pollution index. Am. J. Environ. Eng. 2(1): 2012; 45-49 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajee.20120201.07
APHA (American Public Health Association), Standard methods for estimation of water and waste water. 19th edn, AWWA, Water Pollution Control Federation, New York. 1995
Basavaraja, S., Hiremath, S.M. Murthy, K.N.S., Chandrashekarappa, K. N. Anil N. P and Puttiah, E. T. Analysis of water quality using physico-chemical parameters Hosahalli Tank in Shimoga District, Karnataka, India, Global J. Sci. Frontier Res., 11, 2011, pp.31 – 34.
Brown, R.M., McClelland, N.I., Deininger, R.A. and Tozer, R.G., Water quality index-do we dare?”, Water Sewage Works, 117(10), 1970, 339-343.
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME, Canadian water quality guidelines, Environment Canada Ecosystem Conservation Directorate Evaluation and Interpretation Branch Guidelines Division Ottawa, Ontario 2008, p280
Dahiya S.and Kaur, A. . Physic chemical characteristics of underground water in rural areas of Tosham subdivisions, Bhiwani district, Haryana, J. Environ Poll., 6 (4), 1999, 281
Egborge, A B M; Okoro, J I; Alawani, O A; Uriah, N Thermal and Chemical Pollution of Benin River and its Tributary, the Jamieson river in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Applied Science 4: 1986, 121-149.
Emoyan O.O., Akpoborie I.A., Akporhonor E.E. The oil and gas industry and the Niger Delta: implications for the environment. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 12(3), 2008, 29 – 37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v12i3.55488
Fedotov, P.S., Mirò, M. Fractionation and mobility of trace elements in soils and sediments. In: A. Violante, P.M. Huang, G. M. Gadd. (eds). Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments. Wiley-Jupac Series, Vol 1 John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NY, 2008, pp: 467-520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470175484.ch12
FEPA Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria. National Environmental Standards-Parts 2 and 3, Government Press, Lagos, 1991 pp: 238
Horton, R.K., An index number system for rating water quality”, J. Water Pollu. Cont. Fed., 37(3) 1965, 300-305.
Kalu.O.Obasi, K. Chinedu, Udebuani, A.C, Okereke, J.N, Ezeji E.U, and Anyadoh N.S. Study on concentrations of selected heavy metals: cadmium, lead arsenic and mercury In the soft tissue of periwinkle ( Tympanotonos Fuscatus Var. Radula) harvested from Brass Island River, Bayelsa State , Nigeria. IJST.4(10), 2015, 451-457.
Kapoor, B.B. Inam, F., Deo, S. S. Assessment of Physico-Chemical Quality of Ground Water in Some Rural Areas Receiving Industrial Wastewater Discharges in Nagpur District, Maharashtra State, India. TIJST, 4(5). 2016, 149-155.
Leizou, K. E.., Ekubo, A. T., Nduka, J. O. and Young E. Analysis of water quality using physic-cheemical parameters water board tank In Okaka, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. IJRSR 7(8), 2016, pp. 12741-12743
Mastan S. A. Heavy metals concentration in various tissues of two freshwater fishes, Labeo rohita and Channa striatus. Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 8(2), (2014, 166-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2013.1540
Morris, A. W., Allen, J. I., Howland, R. J. M., and Wood, R.G.. The estuary plume zone: source or sink for landderived nutrient discharges? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 40: 1995, 387402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1995.0027
Murhekar G.H. Assessment of Physico-Chemical Status of Ground Water Samples in Akot city. Res.J.Chem.Sci. Vol. 1(4), 2011, 117-124.
Onwudinjo, C C. Hydrology and Plankton of Benin River, Nigerian. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Benin, Nigeria. (1990)
Prasanna, M. B., and Ranjan, P. C. Physico chemical properties of water collected from Dhamra estuary. INTER. J. ENVIRON. SCI. (1)3, 2010, 334-342.
Prasad, M. Muralidhara Reddy, B. Ramakrishna Reddy, M. and Sunitha, V. Studies on physicochemical parameters to assess the water quality in ObulavaripalliMandal of YSR (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh, India, Inter. J. Cur. Res. Aca. Rev., .2(12), 2014, pp.31 – 41.
Olusola J.O, Festus A.A. Assessment of Heavy Metals in Some Marine Fish Species Relevant to their Concentration in Water and Sediment from Coastal Waters of Ondo State, Nigeria. J Marine Sci Res Dev. 5, 2015, 163. doi:10.4172/2155-9910.1000163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000163
Ramakrishnaiah C. R., Sadashivaiah C., and Ranganna G. Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India. E-Journal of Chemistry, 6(2), 2009, 523-530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/757424
Rao, C. S., Rao, B.S., .Hariharan, A.V.L.N.S.H., and Bharathi, N. M. . Determinaion of water quality index of some areas in Guntur District Andhra Pradesh Inter. J. Applied Biology and Pharm.Tech.1(1), 2010, 79-86
Shyamala, R. Shanthiand M., Lalitha P. Physicochemical analysis of bore well water samples of Telungupalayam area in Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, India, E-J. Chem.. 5, 2008, pp. 924 -929. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/152383
Taiwo, A.M. Olujimi2, O.O. Bamgbose, O.and Arowolo, T.A Surface Water Quality Monitoring in Nigeria: Situational Analysis and Future Management Strategy, www.intechopen.com 301-320
Trivedy R. K and.Goel, P. K. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Environmental Publication, Karad, Maharashtra, 1986.
Tyagi, S., Sharma, B. Singh, P. and Dobhal R. Water Quality Assessment in Terms of Water Quality Index.” American Journal of Water Resources 1(3), 2013, 34-38. doi: 10.12691/ajwr-1-3-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12691/ajwr-1-3-3
United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA). Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual Estuarine and Coastal Marine Waters Office of Water, 2001
Varadharajan D. Soundarapandian, P. (2014) Effect of Physico-Chemical Parameters on Species Biodiversity with Special Reference to the Phytoplankton from Muthupettai, South East Coast of India. J Earth Sci Clim Change 5, 2014, 200. doi:10.417/2157-7617.1000200.
Violante1, A. Cozzolino, V. Perelomov, L. Caporale, A.G.and Pigna1 M. Mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals and metalloids in soil environments. J. Soil. Sci. Plant Nutr. 10 (3), 2010, 268 - 292 (2010).
Vishnupriya Sowjanya, I. Pavan, B. V. and Raja Sekhar, P. S. Assessment of Coastal Water Quality through Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index around Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal, India. IJIRSET 4(12), 2015, 1175-11781 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0412016
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
