PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SIX WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE

Authors

  • Muhammad HanifChachar Department of Crop Physiology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, PAKISTAN
  • Nazir Ahmed Chachar College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. CHINA
  • QamaruddinChachar Department of Crop Physiology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, PAKISTAN
  • Sheikh Muhammad Mujtaba Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam, PAKISTAN
  • SadaruddinChachar Institute of Crop Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, CHINA
  • Zaid Chachar Department of Crop Physiology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, PAKISTAN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i2.2016.2828

Keywords:

Wheat, Osmotic Stress, Drought Tolerance, Physiological Response

Abstract [English]

Pakistan is one of the most severely affected countries by Global climate change, it is an agriculture based country and its economy (21%) mainly depend on agriculture production. Wheat is the major staple food crop in Pakistan and takes key position in the national economy. It contribute 12.5% share in agriculture and 2.9% in the country’s GDP. Frequent droughts and scarcity of the water severely affecting the wheat production. To fulfill the feed requirements of rapidly growing population, it is necessary to explore the advanced genetic resource that can be able to perform better in changing climate. Six wheat genotypes were tested for their early seedling and physiological performance under different water stress environments. The seeds of six wheat genotypes (Khirman, Chakwal-86, MSH-36, DH-3/48, NIA Amber and NIA-10 10/8) were tested for physiological characterization under pot house experiment for individual genotypic response to water stress. The variance of analysis shows two-way interaction water stress [Control (normal four irrigations) and terminal drought (Soaking dose) and wheat genotypes (P≤ 0.05). Seven physiological indices, including Proline content, Glycine-betaine, Total sugars, Total chlorophyll, Nitrate Reductase Activity ((NRA), Potassium (K+) content, and Osmotic potential (OP) were used to evaluate the drought tolerance of six wheat genotypes. From the current data it was illustrated that, MSH-36 and DH-3/48 exhibited the tolerance followed by, Khirman and Chakwal-86 by maintaining their osmotic potential and accumulation of higher proline and glycine-betaine content that helpful for plant to enhancing their tolerance under water stress and to maintain their growth and development, whereas NIA Amber and NIA-10 10/8 are the drought sensitive genotypes as they could not maintain their osmotic potential under drought stress environment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdelmalek, C. and T. Khaled. Physiological behavior of wheat genotypes from algerian semi-arid regions grown under salt stress. African J. Agri. Res. 2011; 5:636-641.

Ahmad, M., Z. Akram, M. Munirand M. Rauf. Physio-morphic response of wheat genotypes under rainfed condition. Pak. J. Bot. 2006; 38(5): 1697-1702.

Ahmed, A., Henna, I., and G.M. Chaudhary. Water resources and conservation strategy of Pakistan’ paper presented in 23rd Annual General Meeting & Conference of Pakistan Society of Development Economics, March 12-14, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, (PIDE Islamabad) 2008. .

Akladious, S. A. Influence of different soaking times with selenium on growth, metabolic activities of wheat seedlings under low temperature stress. African J. Biotech. 2012; 11(82):14792-14804.

AkramN. and A. Hamid. Climate change: A threat to the economic growth of Pakistan Progress in Development Studies January 2015; 15: 73-86

Almeselmani, M., S. Abd Al-rzak, K. Al-zubi, F. Hareri, M. Al-nassan, M. A. Ammar, O. Z. Kanbar, H. Al-Naseef, A. Al-nator, A. Algazawy and H.Abu Al-sael. Physiological Attributes Associated to Water Deficit Tolerance of Syrian Durum Wheat Varieties Exp. Agri. &Horti., 2012. ; Article ID:19290861, 21-41.

Anonymous. FAO production year book. Rome, Italy. 2000.

Anonymous. Pakistan economic survey 2014-15. Government of Pakistan, finance division, Economic Adviser’s Wing, Islamabad. 2014; page 03. PDF file awailable at: http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_15/Highlights.pdf

Ashraf MY. Yield and yield components response of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) genotypes tinder different soil waler deficit conditions. ActaAgron. Hung. 1998. ; 46:45-5 1

Ashraf, M., M. Ozturk, and H. R. Athar. Salinity and Water Stress: Improving Crop Efficiency, Springer, Berlin, 2009; pp 45–50 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9065-3

Ashraf, M.Y., A.R. Azmi, A.H. Khan and S.S.M. Naqvi. Water relations in different wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) genotypes under soil water deficits. Acta Physiol. Plant. 1994; 16: 231-240.

Bates, L.S., R.P. Walden and I.D. Tears Rapid termination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 1973. 39:205-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060

Bohnert HJ, Jensen RG. Strategies for engineering water-stress tolerance in plants. Trends Biotechnol. 1996; 14:89–97. doi: 10.1016/0167-7799(96)80929-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(96)80929-2

Cao H.X., Sun C.X., Shao H.B., Lei X.T. Effects of low temperature and drought on the physiological and growth changes in oil palm seedlings. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011; 10: 2630–2637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.1272

Chen TH, Murata N. Glycinebetaine: an effective protectant against abiotic stress in plants. Trends Plant Sci. 2008;13:499–505. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants..06.007.i: 10.1016/S13695266(02)00255-8.

Chen TH. and N. Murata Enhancement of tolerance of abiotic stress by metabolic engineering of betaines and other compatible solutes. CurrOpin Plant Biol. 2002; 5:250–7.

Chen, H.C.H. and G.J.J. Jiang. Osmotic adjustment and plant adaptation to environmental changes related to drought and salinity. Environ. Rev. 2010; 18:309319.

Delauney A.J., Verma D.P.S. Proline biosynthesis and osmoregulation in plants, The Plant Journal, 1993; 4: 215–223.

Errabii T., Gandonou C.B., Essalmani H., Abrini J., Idaomar M., Skalisenhaji N. Growth, proline and ion accumulation in sugarcane callus cultures under drought-induced osmotic stress and its subsequent relief. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2006; 5: 1488– 1493.

Farooq, M., A. Wahid and D.J. Lee. Exogenously applied polyamines increase drought tolerance of rice by improving leaf water status, photosynthesis and membrane properties. Acta Physiol. Plant. 2009; 31:937–945.

Flowers, T.J., Yeo, A.R. Ion relations of plants under drought and salinity. Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 1986.; 13, 75–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9860075

Ghasempour, H.R., D.F. Gaff, R.P.W. Williams and R.D. Gianello. Contents of sugars in

leaves of drying desiccation tolerant flowering plants, particularly grasses. Plant Growth Reg. 1998; 24:185–191.

Gomez, A. K., and A. A. Gomez. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. (2nd edition). John Wiley and Sons. New York. 1984.

Grieve, C.M. and S.R. Gratan. Rapid assay for determination of water soluble Quaternary ammonium compounds. Plant and Soil., 1983; 70: 303-307.

Harmeling, S., and Eckstein, D., Global Climate Risk Index 2013: who suffers most from extreme weather events? Weather-related loss events in 2011 and 1992 to 2011. Germanwatch: 2013; A briefing paper. At http://germanwatch.org/en/download/7170. pdf

Huber SC, Bachmann M, Huber JL. Posttranslational regulation of nitrate reductase activity: a role for Ca2+ and 14–3-3 proteins. Trend Plant Sci. 1996; 1:432–438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(96)10046-7

Iqbal, N., M. Ashraf and M. Y. Ashraf. Glycinebetain, an osmolyte of interest to improve water stress tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): water relation and yield. South Afr. J. Bot. 2008; 74: 274-281.

Iturbe, O.I., P.R. Escuredo, C. Arrese-Igor and M. Becana. Oxidative damage in pea plants exposed to water deficit or paraquat. Plant Physiol. 1998; 116:173–181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.116.1.173

Kaiser WM, Spill D, Glaab J. Rapid modulation of nitrate reductase in leaves and roots: indirect evidence for the involvement of protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Physiol Plant. 1993; 89:557–562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb05213.x

Kaldenhoff, R., M. Ribas-Carbo and J. Flexas et al. Aquaporins and plant water balance. Plant Cell Environ. 2008. 31:658–666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01792.x

Kameli, A. and D.M. Losel, Carbohydrates and water status in wheat plants under water stress. New Phytol. 1993; 125: 609-614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03910.x

Lichtenthaler, H.K. Chlorophyll and carotenoids pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods Enzymol., 1987;148: 350-382

Lindhauer, M.G. Influence of K nutrition and drought on water relations and growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenk. 1985; 148, 654-669 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19851480608

Liu, B., Y. Li, X. Liu, C. Wang, J. Jin and S.J. Herbert. Lower total soluble sugars in vegetative parts of soybean plants are responsible for reduced pod number under shading conditions. Aus. J. Crop Sci. 2011; 5(13):1852-1857.

Ludlow, M.M. and R.C. Muchow. A critical evaluation of trait for improving crop yields in water limited environments. Adv. Agron. 1990; 42:107-153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60477-0

Marschner, H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, San Diego. 1995.

Mattioni,c . Water and salt stress- induced alterations in proline metabolism of triticum durum seedlings. Physiol. Plant. 1997; 101: 787-792.

Mengel, K. and W.W. Arneke. Effect of potassium on the water potential, the pressure potential, the osmotic potential and cell elongation in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 1982; 54: 402-408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00699.x

Minocha R, Majumdar R, Minocha SC. Polyamines and abiotic stress in plants: a complex relationship. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2014; 5:175 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00175. pmid:24847338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00175

Moaveni, P., Effect of water deficit stress on some physiological traits of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.). Agric. Sci. Res. J., 2011. 1(1): 64 – 68.

Mohammadkhani, N. and R. Heidari. Drought induced accumulation of soluble sugars and proline in two maize varieties. West Indies Appl. Sci. J. 2008. 3:448–453.

Moinuddin , Fischer R.A., Sayre K.D., Reynolds M.P., Osmotic adjustment in wheat in relation to grain yield under water deficit environments. Agronomy Journal. 2005; 97, 1062–1071. doi: 10.2134/agronj2004.0152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0152

Monyo, E.S., G. Ejeta and D. Rhodes. Genotypic variation for glycinebetaine in sorghum and its relationship to agronomic and morphological traits. Media 1992; 37: 283286.

Mostajeran, A. and V. Rahimi-Eichi. Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of rice

(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and accumulation of proline and soluble sugars in Sheath and Blades of Their Different Ages Leaves Agric. & Environ. Sci., 2009; 5 (2): 264-272.

MOUSTAFA, M.A., L. BOERSMA, and W. E. KRONSTAD Response of four spring wheat cultivars to drought stress. Crop Science, 1996; 36, 982-986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600040027x

Nageswara, R.R.C., H.S. Talwar and G.C. Wright. Rapid assessment of specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen in peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) using chlorophyll meter. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2001; 189:175-182.

Ommen OE, Donnelly A, Vanhoutvin S, van Oijen M, Manderscheid R. Chlorophyll content of spring wheat flag leaves grown under elevated CO2 concentrations and other environmental stresses within the ESPACE-wheat project. Eur. J. Agron. 1999; 10: 197-203.

Passioura, J.B. and S.C. Fry. Turgor and cell expansion: beyond the Lockhart equation. Aust J Plant Physiol. 1992; 19:565-576. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9920565

Rampino P., Pataleo S., Gerardi C., Mita G., Perrotta C. Drought stress response in wheat:

Rampino P., Pataleo S., Gerardi C., Mita G., Perrotta C. Drought stress response in wheat: physiological and molecular analysis of resistant and sensitive genotypes. Plant Cell and Environment, 2006. 29: 2143–2152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01588.x

Rhodes D., Samaras Y. Genetic control of osmoregulation in plants. In: Stronge K.

(ed.): Cellular and Molecular Physiology of Cell Volume Regulation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994; 347–361.

Riazi, A., K. Matsuda and A. Arsalan. Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and other solutes in growing regions of young barley leaves. J. Exp. Bot., 1985; 36: 17 16-1725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/36.11.1716

Safarnejad, A., H. Collin, k.D. Bruce and T. mc neilly . Characterization of alfalfa following in vitro selection for salt tolerance. Euphytica 1996; 92: 55-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00022828

Serraj, R. and T.R.Sinclair . osmolyte accumulation: can it really help increase crop yield under drought condition: plant cell Environ. 2002; 25:333-341.

Sharpe, R.E. and P. Verslues. Proline accumulation in maize (zeamaysL.) primary roots at low water potentials. II. Metabolic source of increased proline deposition in the elongation Zone. Plant Physiol. 1999; 119:1349-1360.

Slavik, B. Methods of studying plant water relations. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA. 1974. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65832-7

Smirnoff, N. Antioxidant systems and plant response to the environment. In Smirnoff V (ed.), Environment and Plant Metabolism: Flexibility and Acclimation, BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK. 1995.

Staden .J.,P.D. Hare and W.A. Cress. Proline synthesis and degradation: a model system for elucidating stress related signal transduction.J.Exp .Bot . 1999; 50 (333): 413-434.

Sym, G.J. Optimization of the in vivo assay conditions for nitrate reductase in barley. J. Sci. Food Agric., 1983; 35: 725-730.

Tan, B. H. and Hollaran, G.M. Variation and collerations of proline accumulation in spring wheat cultivars. Crop sci 1982; 22:459- 462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1982.0011183X002200030005x

Verslues PE, Sharma S. Proline metabolism and its implications for plant-environment interaction. Arabidopsis Book 2010. 8, 3 doi: 10.1199/tab.0140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1199/tab.0140

Waggoner, P.E., Agriculture and a climate changed by more carbon dioxide. In: Changing Climate: Report of the Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1983; pp. 383-418.

Weyers, J.D.B. and N.W. Paterson. Plant hormones and the control of physiological processes. New Phytol. 2001; 129:375–407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0028-646X.2001.00281.x

Zaharieva, M., E. Gaulin, M. Havaux, E. Acevedo and P. Monneveux. Drought and heat responses in the wild wheat relative Aegilopsgeniculata Roth: Potential interest for wheat improvement. Crop Science, 2001; 41: 1321-1329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.4141321x

Downloads

Published

2016-02-29

How to Cite

Muhammad, H., Chachar, N. A., Chachar, Q., Sheikh Muhammad, M., Chachar, S., & Chachar, Z. (2016). PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SIX WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 4(2), 184–196. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i2.2016.2828

Most read articles by the same author(s)