BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM CO-DIGESTION OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN NIGERIA

Sambo; Etonihu; A. M. Mohammed

doi:10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i11.2015.2909

Authors

Sambo Sokoto Energy Research Centre, UsmanuDanfodio University, Sokoto, NIGERIA
Etonihu, A. C. Chemistry Department, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, NIGERIA
Mohammed, A. M. Department of Basic Science, College of Agriculture, PMB 33, Lafia, NIGERIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i11.2015.2909

Keywords:

Agro-Waste, Biogas, Energy Crisis, Methane

Abstract [English]

The fear of depletion of fossil fuels and their attendant ecological effects and the high cost of renewable energy technology in Nigeria has triggered a need to develop alternative sources of energy, among which is biogas production. A slurry of 1 kg mixture of agro-waste feed stocks (plantain peel/rice husk, PP/RH; banana peel/plantain peel, BP/PP; and banana peel/rice husk, BP/RH) in 1:1 ratio was co-digested in locally fabricated digesters (10 L capacity). The experiment was run for 50 days and assessed for proximate content, biogas generation, organic matter, and mineral content in the digested and undi-gested agro-waste materials. The proximate composition showed that while banana peel had the highest moisture (56%), rice husk was highest in the content of ash (64%), crude protein (6.94%), and volatile solids (20%). The weekly cumulative biogas generation increased from 852.6 cm3 for BP/PP sample to 1049.7 cm3 for PP/RH sample for the 7 weeks at the experimental room temperature range of 29 oC to 35 oC. Sample PP/RH generated the highest volume of gas (biogas, methane, and others) compared to BP/RH and BP/PP samples. In each case the volume of gas production decreased in week 7 from 271.4 cm3 to 152.0 cm3 (for biogas), 161.4 cm3 to 97.1 cm3 (for methane), and 110.0 cm3 to 54.9 cm3 (for other gases). The nutritional concentrations of the digested and undigested mixture of the waste samples after Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Flame Photometry showed that the digested samples had higher contents of the nutritional elements than the undigested samples. The mineral elements ranged from 0.554 mg/g in the undigested rice husk to 18.155 mg/g in the digested banana peel samples. Fermentation of agricultural wastes to generate biogas and sludge with agricultural value offers an al-ternative and efficient method of agricultural wastes and energy management in Nigeria.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Asere, AA. andAliyu, UO. Outlook of Nigeria’s energy predicament. Nigerian Journal of Renew able Energy3, (1992, 92–95.

American Society of Agricultural Engineers.Manure Production and Characteristics. ASAE Standards 1996, 44thEd.The Society for Engineering in Agricultural, Food and Biological System, 1997.

Sweeten, JM. Animal Waste Management: Task Force Report. New York, 2004, 10 –12.

Adeoti, O. Engineering economy studies of biogas as a renewable energy source at household level in Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis in Technology Planning and Development Unit, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile –Ife, Nigeria, 1998.

Igoni, AH, Ayotamuno, MJ.,Ogaji, SOT. and Probert, SD. Municipal solid waste in Port Harcourt, Nigeria J.of Applied Energy, El 84 (6), 2008, 664 –670. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.12.002

Ezekoye, VA. andOkeke, CE. Design, Construction, and Performance evaluation of plastic biodigester and the Storage of Biogas. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology 7(2), 2006, 176–184.

Matthew, P. Gas production from animal wastes and its prospect in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Solar Energy, 2, 1982, 98–103.

Akinbami, JFK. Comparative environmental effects and cost Analysis between conventional and non-conventional energy source: A case for objective analysis and decision making in Nigeria’s energy policy. Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy5 (1 &2), 1997, 131–139.

Themelis, NJ. An Overview of the Global Waste-to-Energy Industry. Waste Management World, 2003, 40-47.

Akinbami, JFK.,Ilori MO., Oyebisi, TO., Akinwuni, IO. andAdeoti, O. Biogas energy use in Nigeria: current status, future prospects and policy implications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 5, 2001, 97–112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-0321(00)00005-8

Kalia, VC.,Sonakya, V. and Raizada, N. Anaerobic digestion of banana stems waste. J. Bioresource Technol., 73, 2000, 191–193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00172-8

Kozo, I., Hisajima, S. and Macer, DRJ. Utilization of Agricultural Wastes for biogas production in Indonesia, In: Traditional technology for environmental conservation and sustainable development in the Asia Pacific region. Proceedings of the UNESCO,11th–14th Dec, 1996, 134 -138a

Ofoefule, AU.,Uzodinma, EO. andOnukwuli, OD. Comparative study of the effect of different pretreatment methods on biogas yield from water hyacinth (EichhorniaCrassipes). Int. J. Phy. Sci. 4(8), 2009, 535–539.

Arvanitoyannis, IS., Kassaveti, A. and Stefanatos, S. Current and potential uses of thermally treated olive oil waste. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. 42 (7), 2007, 852–867. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01296.x

Bori, M.O., Adebusoye, S.A., Lawal, A.K and Awotiwon, A. Production of biogas from banana and plantain peels. Journal ofAdvances in Environmental Biology 1(1), 2007, 33 –38.

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Official Methods of Analysis. Washington DC, USA, 1990.

Svensson, K., Odlare, M. and Pell, M. The fertilizing effect of compost and biogas residues from source separated household waste. J. Agricultural Science.142, 2004, 461 – 467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859604004514

Eze, JI. (Unpublished). Studies on Generation of Biogas From Poultry Droppings and Rice Husk from a Locally Fabricated Biodigester. M.Sc. Dissertation, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 1995, 64–65.

Ilori, SA., Matthew, O., Adebusoye, AK. andOluwatoyin AA. Production of biogas from banana and plantain peels, Am-Eurasian J. Sustain. Agric., 1 (1), 2007, 33–38.

Odeyemi, S. Resource assessment for biogas production in Nigeria. Nigerian J. Microbiol. 3, 1983, 59 –64.

Adeyanju, AA. Effect of seeding of wood-ash on biogas production using pig waste and cassava peels. J. Eng. Appl. Sci.3, 2008, 242–245.

Sahota, P. and Rajinder, KJ. Biogas yield from cow and rice husks wastes.J. Plant Sci. Res. 1, 1997, 13.

Uzodinma, EO.,Ofoefule, AU, Eze, JI. andOnwuka, ND. Biogas Production from blends of Agro-industrial wastes. Trends in Appl. Sci. Res., 2(6), 2007, 554 –558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2007.554.558

Iyagba, ET.,Mangibo, IA. and Mohammed, YS. The study of cow dung as a co-substrate with rice husk in biogas production. J. Scientific Research and Essays4(9), 2009, 861–866.

Liu, Y. and Whitman, WB. Metabolic, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of the methanogenicarchaea.Annual New York Academy of Sciences 1125, 2008, 171–189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1419.019

Zindler, SH. Physiological ecology of methanogenesis.Methanogenesi: Ecology, Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics (Ferry, J.G., ed.). New York, Chapman and Hall, 1993, 128 –206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2391-8_4

Rivard, CJ., Rodriquez, JB., Nagel, NJ., Self, JR., Kay, BD., Soltanpour, PN. and Nieves, RA. Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste. Utility of processresidue as a soil amendment. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology51-52, 1995, 125–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02933417

Odlare, M., Pell, M. and Svensson, K. Changes in soil chemical andmicrobiological properties during 4 years of application of various organic residues. Waste Management 28, 2008, 1246–1253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.06.005

Baky, A., Nordberg, A., Palm, O., Rhode, L. and Salomon, E. (2006). Rötresterfrånbiogasanläggningar –användningilantbruket. JTI report 115. Engl. Transl.