CONCEPTUAL CONTRIBUTION OF GLOBALIZATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION IN INDIAN ART

Abstract [English]

The origin of art can be traced back to the primitive age across the world. The development of civilization itself serves as an indicator of the evolution of art. Evidence of art is found in the wall paintings created by early humans. In India, images of a hunting boar have been discovered, while in Spain, the famous paintings of bison in the Altamira caves provide similar evidence. These expressions represent the earliest forms of art, which emerged in diverse forms across different geographical regions. Over time, significant transformations can be observed in artistic expression, along with changes in mediums and techniques.

Primitive humans used charcoal and chalk to create images on cave walls, whereas the invention of paper in China brought a major transformation in artistic media. Artists gradually shifted from wall surfaces to paper as a medium of expression. The Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century played a crucial role in transforming the world through mechanization. Industrialization led to the invention of new machines, enabling faster and increased production in handcraft-based industries through mechanical processes.

The impact of this transformation is clearly reflected in the field of art as well. Artistic expression is no longer confined to paper, canvas, or walls; instead, it has expanded into graphic art, photography, video installation art, applied art, and various digital media. This phase defines the digital era, where diverse outcomes can be achieved within moments.

Industrialization has provided new dimensions to artistic expression, while globalization has enabled art to travel across the world within seconds. Therefore, it can be stated that as a result of globalization, industrialization has significantly influenced the expression, style, form, and purpose of art. This paper attempts to highlight that while art was traditionally connected to society and culture, industrial and technological development has increasingly linked art with machines and modern technology.