AUTHENTICITY OF CULTURAL REPRESENTATION IN THE AGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA: FOLKTALES OF THE AO NAGA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v14.i2SE.2026.6604Keywords:
Ao Folktales, Authenticity of Culture, Folklore Studies, Media Anthropology, Nep 2020, Postcolonial Theory, YoutubeAbstract [English]
This paper explores authenticity of Ao folktales that appear as narrative and AI-assisted content on Youtube. The paper employs a mixed qualitative approach for the analysis of visual and textual elements of the folktales. Along with this, viewers’ comments and creators’ positioning are examined within the engagement it generates. The paper draws on folklore studies, postcolonial theory and media anthropology to trace and understand the change in meaning and authenticity as traditional narratives interact with digital platforms. Findings of the study shows that while Youtube enhances visibility of the Ao folktales, platform incentives tend to privilege visually attractive content over authentic and community-grounded content. The study also identifies distinct patterns of folktales as content which are linked to incentives offered by the platform and motivations of content creators. The paper argues for the need of community involvement and validation to ensure authentic cultural representation on digital platforms.
Downloads
References
Ao, T. (2017). The Ao-Naga Oral Tradition (3rd ed.). Heritage Publishing House.
Bhabha, H. K. (1995). The Location of Culture. Routledge.
Bhandari, N. (2022). Resistance and Postcolonialism: A Critical Review. Journal of Political Science, 22, 92–99. https://doi.org/10.3126/jps.v22i1.43042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jps.v22i1.43042
Bianchi, F., Terragni, S., Hovy, D., and Nozza, D. (2023). Easily Accessible Text-to-Image Generation Amplifies Demographic Stereotypes at Large Scale. In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT ’23) (1493–1504). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3593013.3594095 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3593013.3594095
Dorson, R. M. (1968). What Is Folklore? In Celebration of American Folklife: Program Book (Vol. 5). Smithsonian Institution.
Dundes, A. (2007). The Meaning of Folklore: The Analytical Essays of Alan Dundes (S. J. Bronner, Ed.). Utah State University Press.
Fanon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth (C. Farrington, Trans.). Grove Press.
Ghosh, S., Choudhury, M., and Bansal, G. (2024). Do Generative AI Models Output Harm While Representing Non-Western Cultures: Evidence from a Community-Centered Approach (arXiv:2407.14779). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.14779 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1609/aies.v7i1.31651
Hilly Tales. (2022, November 7). Tsüngremmung (The Mysterious Old Man) | PART 2 | AO Folktale | Northeast India | Hilly Tales [Video]. YouTube.
Hilly Tales. (2025). Hilly Tales [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved November 14, 2025, from
Jefferess, D. (2008). Postcolonial Resistance: Culture, Liberation, and Transformation. University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442688841 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442688841
Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. (2020). National Education Policy 2020. Government of India.
Moa Imdonger. (2025). Moa Imdonger [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved November 14, 2025, from
Project Monday. (2023, March 12). Discovery of Rice Wine: Ao Naga Folktale | Rice Beer | Nagafolktales | Nagaland | Northeast India [Video]. YouTube.
Project Monday™. (2025). Project Monday™ [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved November 14, 2025, from
Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. Vintage Books.
Seitel, P. (Ed.). (2001). Safeguarding Traditional Cultures: A Global Assessment. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution.
Thurnell-Read, T., Heřmanová, M., and Skey, M. (2022). Introduction: Cultures of Authenticity. In M. Heřmanová, M. Skey, and T. Thurnell-Read (Eds.), Cultures of Authenticity (1–17). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781801179362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-936-220221001
Vannini, P., and Williams, J. P. (Eds.). (2009). Authenticity in Culture, Self, and Society. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315261973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315261973
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Moatemsu Jamir, Nigamananda Das

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.





















