REVOLUTIONIZING CANCER TREATMENT: THE ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN ONCOLOGY

Shaily Tyagi; Ashish Kumar; Anurag Chourasia; Saket Saini; Deeksha; Anjali Dixit

doi:10.29121/granthaalayah.v11.i6.2023.5201

Authors

Shaily Tyagi Assistant Professor, Quantum University, Roorkee, India
Ashish Kumar Research Scholar, Quantum University, Roorkee, India
Anurag Chourasia Assistant Professor, Quantum University, Roorkee, India
Saket Saini Research Scholar, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, D. dun, India
Deeksha Assistant Professor, Quantum University, Roorkee, India
Anjali Dixit Assistant Professor, Quantum University, Roorkee, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v11.i6.2023.5201

Keywords:

Nanotechnology, Cancer Treatment, Drug Delivery, Imaging, Theranostics, Targeted Therapy, Nanoparticles, Safety Considerations

Abstract [English]

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases of our time, affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite the significant progress made in cancer treatment over the past few decades, conventional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery have their limitations, including toxicity, drug resistance, and damage to healthy cells and tissues. Therefore, researchers are constantly exploring new avenues for cancer treatment that are safer, more effective, and less invasive. One such avenue is the use of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology involves the manipulation and control of matter at the nanoscale, which is approximately one billionth of a meter. This technology has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment by offering more targeted and precise therapy. Nanoparticles, for instance, can be engineered to target cancer cells specifically and deliver drugs or other therapeutic agents directly to them, minimizing damage to healthy cells. In this research, we aim to explore the current state of nanotechnology in modern oncology, its potential applications, and its limitations. We review the recent advancements in nanotechnology-based cancer therapy, including the development of targeted nanoparticles for drug delivery, imaging, and theranostics. One of the main advantages of using nanotechnology for cancer treatment is its ability to bypass the blood-brain barrier, allowing for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. This opens up new avenues for the treatment of brain tumors, which are notoriously difficult to treat due to the barrier. Another potential application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment is the use of nanorobots that can be programmed to seek out and destroy cancer cells. These nanorobots can be designed to carry payloads of therapeutic agents or deliver hyperthermia to destroy cancer cells. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology in cancer treatment, there are also challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. For instance, the toxicity and biocompatibility of nanoparticles need to be carefully evaluated to minimize potential harm to healthy cells and tissues.
In conclusion, the role of nanotechnology in modern oncology has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. It offers more targeted and precise therapy, and can potentially overcome the limitations of conventional cancer therapies. However, further research is needed to fully explore the potential of nanotechnology in cancer treatment and to address the challenges and limitations associated with it.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Shaily Tyagi, Assistant Professor, Quantum University, Roorkee, India

Ashish Kumar, Research Scholar, Quantum University, Roorkee, India

Anurag Chourasia, Assistant Professor, Quantum University, Roorkee, India

Saket Saini, Research Scholar, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, D. dun, India

Deeksha, Assistant Professor, Quantum University, Roorkee, India

Anjali Dixit, Assistant Professor, Quantum University, Roorkee, India

References

Ahamed, M., Alsalhi, M. S., Siddiqui, M. K. J., & Ahmad, I. (2010). Oxidative Stress and Nanotoxicity. In C. R. K. Reddy (Ed.), Nanotechnology in Diagnosis, Treatment and Prophylaxis of Infectious Diseases, Springer, 261–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3295-5_13

Allen, T. M., & Cullis, P. R. (2013). Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems: From Concept to Clinical Applications. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 65(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.037

American Cancer Society (2023). Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Facts and Figures 2022–2023. Retrieved May 15.

American Cancer Society (2023). What is Cancer ?

Bao, Q., Hu, P., Xu, J., & Cheng, T. (2018). Recent Progress in Theranostic Nanosystems for Cancer Treatment. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 1–12.

Chauhan, V. P., Stylianopoulos, T., Boucher, Y., & Jain, R. K. (2011). Delivery of Molecular and Nanoscale Medicine to Tumors: Transport Barriers and Strategies. Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2, 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114300 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114300

Chen, F., & Hong, H. (2018). From Multimodal Tumor Imaging to Cancer Theranostics: Challenges Versus Opportunities. Advanced Science, 5(4), https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201701070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201701070

Chen, H., Zhang, W., Zhu, G., & Xie, J. (2016). Theranostic Nanosystems for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Nano Today, 11(1), 41–60.

Chen, Q., Ke, H., Dai, Z., & Liu, Z. (2015). Nanoscale Theranostics for Physical Stimulus-Responsive Cancer Therapies. Biomaterials, 73, 214–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.018

Cheng, W., & Nie, S. (2019). Targeting Cancer with Nanotechnology. ACS Nano, 13(10), 10545–10548.

Dreaden, E. C., Alkilany, A. M., Huang, X., Murphy, C. J., & El-Sayed, M. A. (2012). The Golden Age: Gold Nanoparticles for Biomedicine. Chemical Society Reviews, 41(7), 2740–2779. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cs15237h DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15237H

Etheridge, M. L., Campbell, S. A., & Erdman, A. G. (2013). The Big Picture on Nanomedicine : The State of Investigational and Approved Nanomedicine Products. Nanomedicine : Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, 9(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2012.05.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2012.05.013

European Commission. (2021). Safety of Nanomaterials.

Farokhzad, O. C., & Langer, R. (2009). Impact of Nanotechnology on Drug Delivery. ACS Nano, 3(1), 16–20. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900002m DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900002m

Hrkach, J., Von Hoff, D., Ali, M. M., Andrianova, E., Auer, J., Campbell, T., ... & LoRusso, P. (2012). Preclinical Development and Clinical Translation of a Psma-Targeted Docetaxel Nanoparticle with a Differentiated Pharmacological Profile. Science Translational Medicine, 4(128), 128ra39. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3003651 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3003651

Huang, X., Zhang, F., & Lee, S. (2011). Nano Theranostics: Integration of Targeting, Imaging, and Therapeutic Functionalities in a Single Nanoparticle. Accounts of Chemical Research, 44(10), 10–1002.

ISO. (2019). Nanotechnologies – Guidelines for the Characterization of Nano-Objects.

Jain, R. K., Stylianopoulos, T., & Poh, M. Z. (2020). Engineering of Nanoparticles to Overcome Barriers in Tumor Targeting. In Multifunctional Theranostic Nanomedicines in Cancer, Springer, 131–156.

Johnson, M. D., & Vaughan, J. T. (Eds.). (2002). Handbook of Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. CRC Press.

Jokerst, J. V., & Gambhir, S. S. (2011). Molecular Imaging with Theranostic Nanoparticles. Accounts of Chemical Research, 44(10), 1050–1060. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar200106e

Jokerst, J. V., & Gambhir, S. S. (2011). Molecular Imaging with Theranostic Nanoparticles. Accounts of Chemical Research, 44(10), 1050–1060. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar200106e DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ar200106e

Kelloff, G. J., Sigman, C. C., & Johnson, K. M. (2012). Early Detection Biomarkers for Cancer : A Road Map For Biomarker Development. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 12(11), 801–809. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd3651

Kim, S., & Koo, Y. (2013). Molecular Imaging with Quantum Dots. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2013, 1–13.

Kircher, M. F., Willmann, J. K., & Braren, R. (2017). Multimodal Imaging Approaches : PET/CT and PET/MRI. In Molecular Imaging, Springer, 139–146.

Kostarelos, K., Al-Jamal, K. T., & Gumbleton, M. (2010). Nanotoxicity: The Growing Need for in Vivo Study. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 21(5), 552–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2010.06.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2010.06.009

Kumeria, T., McArthur, S. L., & Santos, A. (2020). Nanoparticle-Based Theranostic Approaches in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 8, 1–14.

Lanza, G. M., & Wickline, S. A. (Eds.). (2009). Nanomedicine for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: A Multimodal Approach. CRC Press.

Leevy, W. M., & Nichols, M. G. (Eds.). (2017). Quantum Dots Ffor Quantitative Imaging : From Single Molecules to Tissue. CRC Press.

Maeda, H., Wu, J., Sawa, T., Matsumura, Y., & Hori, K. (2000). Tumor Vascular Permeability and the EPR Effect in Macromolecular Therapeutics: A review. Journal of Controlled Release, 65(1–2), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00248-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(99)00248-5

Mellman, I., Coukos, G., & Dranoff, G. (2011). Cancer Immunotherapy Comes of Age. Nature, 480(7378), 480–489. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10673 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10673

National Cancer Institute (2023). Cancer Statistics.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2023). NCCN Guidelines for Patients : Supportive care.

Nel, A., Xia, T., Mädler, L., & Li, N. (2006). Toxic Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel. Science, 311(5761), 622–627. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1114397 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1114397

Peer, D., Karp, J. M., Hong, S., Farokhzad, O. C., Margalit, R., & Langer, R. (2007). Nanocarriers as an Emerging Platform for Cancer Therapy. Nature Nanotechnology, 2(12), 751–760. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.387

Peer, D., Karp, J. M., Hong, S., Farokhzad, O. C., Margalit, R., & Langer, R. (2007). Nanocarriers as an Emerging Platform for Cancer Therapy. Nature Nanotechnology, 2(12), 751–760. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.387 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.387

Poon, Z., & Hammond, P. T. (2013). Biomaterials Approach to Expand the Depth of Tissue Penetration of Nanoparticles. ACS Nano, 7(1), 744–756.

Prow, T. W., Grice, J. E., Lin, L. L., Faye, R., Butler, M., Becker, W., Wurm, E. M., Yoong, C., Robertson, T. A., Soyer, H. P., & Roberts, M. S. (2011). Nanoparticles and Microparticles for Skin Drug Delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 63(6), 470–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2011.01.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2011.01.012

Savic, B., & Matsumoto, K. (Eds.). (2018). Contrast Agents for Medical Imaging : A Practical Guide. Springer.

Sharma, P., & Allison, J. P. (2015). The Future of Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Science, 348(6230), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa8172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa8172

Shi, J., Kantoff, P. W., Wooster, R., & Farokhzad, O. C. (2017). Cancer Nanomedicine: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 17(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2016.108

Shi, J., Kantoff, P. W., Wooster, R., & Farokhzad, O. C. (2017). Cancer Nanomedicine: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 17(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2016.108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2016.108

Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., Fuchs, H. E., & Jemal, A. (2021). Cancer Statistics, 2021. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(1), 7–33. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21654 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21654

Son, S., Kim, D., & Nam, J. (2020). Recent Advances in Theranostic Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Diseases. Advanced Therapeutics, 3(6), 2000022.

Thomsen, H. S., Morcos, S. K., Almén, T., & Harvey, C. J. (Eds.). (2014). Contrast Media: Safety Issues and ESUR Guidelines. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36724-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36724-3

Torchilin, V. P. (2011). Multifunctional Nanocarriers. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 63(4–5), 302–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.031

United States Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Nanotechnology.

Vasan, N., Baselga, J., & Hyman, D. M. (2019). A View on Drug Resistance in Cancer. Nature, 575(7782), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1730-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1730-1

Wang, Y., Li, J., & Chen, Y. (2017). Oligonucleotide Delivery with Na9noparticles : Strategies and Applications. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 14(7), 781–796.

Wilhelm, S., Tavares, A. J., Dai, Q., Ohta, S., Audet, J., Dvorak, H. F., & Chan, W. C. W. (2016). Analysis of Nanoparticle Delivery to Tumours. Nature Reviews Materials, 1(5), 16014. https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.14

Wilhelm, S., Tavares, A. J., Dai, Q., Ohta, S., Audet, J., Dvorak, H. F., & Chan, W. C. W. (2016). Analysis of Nanoparticle Delivery to Tumours. Nature Reviews Materials, 1(5), 16014. https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.14

World Health Organization (2023). Cancer.

Zhang, L., & Gu, F. X. (2016). Advances in Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy. Nanotechnology Reviews, 5(5), 403–419.

Zhang, F., Zhang, H., & Liu, B. (Eds.). (2016). Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Imaging and Sensing. Springer.

Zhang, Y., & Wang, F. (2018). Improving Tumor Targeting and Anticancer Effect by Overcoming Physiological Barriers of Nanomedicine. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 6(40), 6256–6268.