EFFECT OF EXCESSIVE GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN ON PREGNANCY OUTCOME: A CASE STUDY OF TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i3.2020.141Keywords:
Caesarean Section (CS), Eclampsia, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH), Stillbirth, Gestational Diabetes, MacrosomiaAbstract [English]
Motivation/Background: Little is known of adverse pregnancy outcomes resulting from Excess Gestational Weight Gain (EGWG) in Benue state, Nigeria. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects and association of EGWG on pregnancy outcome in tertiary hospitals in Benue State.
Method: We used retrospective cohort study to examine the data obtained from the general Antenatal Care (ANC) Register of 350 pregnant women who attended ANC clinic between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016. Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight in kilograms within first 14 weeks of gestation by square of height in meters while total gestational weight was calculated as difference between weight before, or at 14 weeks and weight at 37 weeks of gestation prior to delivery.
Results: Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Out of the sampled folders, 103 (29.4%) women gained excess weight during pregnancy, 130 (37.1%) women gained the recommended weight while 117 (33.4%) women gained weight less than the recommended value. Analysis showed strong association between EGWG and pregnancy induced hypertension/pre-eclampsia, caesarean section and macrosomia.
Conclusions: The study concluded that EGWG should be avoided by educating women on the need to gain appropriate weight during pregnancy to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes which affect both mothers and their offspring.
Downloads
References
Anzaku AS, Musa J. Prevalence and associated risk factors for gestational diabetes in Jos, North-central, Nigeria. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2013 May;287(5);859-863. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2649-z
Singh S, Ahmed EB, Egondu SC, Ikechukwu NE. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy among pregnant women in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Nigerian Medical Journal. 2014;55(5):384-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.140377
Onoh RC, Eze JN, Ezeonu PO, Lawani LO, Iyoke CA, Nkwo PO. A 10-year appraisal of caesarean delivery and the associated fetal and maternal outcomes at a teaching hospital in southeast Nigeria. International Journal of Women’s Health. 2015 May; 7:531-538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S81338
Onwuka CI, Ugwu EO, Onah HE, Obi SN, Onwuka CI, Menuba IE, et al. Patterns of gestational weight gain and its association with birth weight in Nigeria. Niger Journal of Clinical Practice. 2017;20(6):754-759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.208958
Mutihir JT, Eka PO. Stillbirths at the Jos University Teaching Hospital: incidence, risk, and etiological factors. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2011;14(1);14- 18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.79233
Weight gain during pregnancy. Committee Opinion No. 548. American College of Obstetrics
and Gynecologist. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2013;121:210-212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000425668.87506.4c
Iyoke CA, Ugwu GO, Ezugwu FO, Lawani OL, Onyebuchi AK. Retrospective cohort study of the effects of obesity in early pregnancy on maternal weight gain and obstetric outcomes in an obstetric population in Africa. International Journal of Women’s Health. 2013; 5: 501-504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S49909
Gilmore LA, Redman LM. Weight gain in pregnancy and application of the 2009 IOM guidelines: toward a uniform approach. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015;23(3):507-511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20951
Halle-Ekane GE, Nsom BJ, Atashili J, Palle JN, Nsagha DS, Nguefack CT, et al. Outcome of Pregnancy in Women with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in Two District Hospitals in Douala, Cameroon. SM Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2015; 1(1): 1-6.
Fattah C, Farah N, Barry SC, O’Connor N, Stuart B, Turner MJ. Maternal weight and body composition in the first trimester of pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010;89:952-955. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/00016341003801706
Kirchengast S, Hartmann B. Determinants of gestational weight gain with special respect to maternal stature height and its consequences for newborn vital parameters. Anthropological Review. 2013; 76(2); 151–155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/anre-2013-0014
Must A, McKeown NM. The diease burden associated with overweight and obesity. Updated 2012 August 8. (accessed 2019 December 12). https://www.ncbi.nlm,nih,gov/books/NBK279095/
Arora R, Arora D, Patumanond J. Risk of high gestational weight gain on adverse pregnancy outcome. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2013;3:142-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2013.31A027
Zhou A, Xiong C, Hu R, Zhang Y, Bassig BA, Triche E, et al. Pre-Pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A cohort study in Wuhan, China. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8):1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136291
Li N, Liu E, Guo J, Pan L, Li B. Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Pregnancy Outcomes. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082310
Mochhoury L, Razine R, Kasouati J, Kabiri M, Barkat A. Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Obstetric Complications in Moroccan Population. Journal of Pregnancy. 2013;2013(379461):1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/379461
Mbu RE, Fouedjio HJ, Tabot M, Fouelifack FY, Tumasang FN, Tonye RN, et al. Effects of gestational weight gain on the outcome of labour at the Yaounde central hospital maternity, Cameroon. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2013;3:648-652. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2013.39118
Chung JGY, Rennae ST, Thompson JMD, Anderson NH, Dekker GA, Kenny LC, et al. Gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a nulliparous cohort. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2012;7921:1-5.
Hedderson MM, Gunderson EP, Ferrara A. Gestational Weight Gain and Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2010 Mar;115(3): 597– 604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181cfce4f
Gu S, An X, Fang L, Zhang X, Zhang C, Wang J et al. Risk factors and long-term health consequences of macrosomia: a prospective study in Jiangsu Province, China. Journal of Biomedical Research. 2012;26(4):235-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7555/JBR.26.20120037
Campbell S. Fetal macrosomia: a problem in need of a policy. Ultrasound in /Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014;43:3-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.13268
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.