हरियाणा की रियासतों में प्रजामंडल आंदोलनः स्वरूप एवं विस्तार

Manju; Vishal Kumar Sharma

doi:10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i5.2024.3540

Authors

Manju Research Scholar, Department of History and Archaeology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana.
Vishal Kumar Sharma Associate Professor, Hindu College, Sonipat, Haryana.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i5.2024.3540

Keywords:

Haryana, Princely States, Prajamandal Movement, Jind, Nabha, Patiala, Loharu

Abstract [English]

There were many princely states in the area of Haryana such as Jind, Dujana, Pataudi, Jhajjar, Loharu, Kaithal, Rania-Fatehabad, Ballabhgarh, Ladwa, Kunjpura, Budia, Kalsia, Jagadhari, Shahzadpur, Ramgarh, Narayangarh, Badshahpur, Farukhnagar, Kotla, Ghasaeda, Ferozepur Jhirka etc. In 1803, when the British army led by Lord Lake defeated the Maratha army led by Daulatrao Scindia and captured Delhi, British rule was established over almost the entire area of present-day Haryana. The British not only controlled all the estates of the then Haryana according to their own wishes but also installed their loyalists as jagirdars. The non-cooperation movement launched by Gandhiji also had a wide impact on the people of the princely states. The rulers of these princely states were Indians, but they were directly under British rule. Most of the princely states were ruled by autocrats. Due to high taxes, the economic burden on the people was very high, education and social services were backward and civil rights were restricted. In such a situation, Prajamandal movements were started in some princely states which raised their voice for their rights. The present research paper describes the nature and development of the people's movements in the princely states of Haryana.

Abstract [Hindi]

हरियाणा के इलाके में अनेक रियासतें थी जैसे कि जींद, दुजाना, पटौदी, झज्जर, लोहारू, कैथल, रानियां-फतेहाबाद, बल्लभगढ़, लाडवा, कुंजपुरा, बुड़िया, कलसिया, जगाधरी, शहजादपुर, रामगढ़, नारायणगढ़, बादशाहपुर, फरुखनगर, कोटला,, घासेड़ा, फिरोजपुर झिरका आदि-आदि। सन 1803 में लॉर्ड लेक के नेतृत्व में अंग्रेज फौज ने दौलतराव सिन्धिया की अगुवाई में मराठा फौज को हराकर जब दिल्ली पर कब्जा किया तो वर्तमान हरियाणा के करीब पूरे इलाके पर ब्रिटिश शासन स्थापित हो गया था। अग्रेजों ने तत्कालीन हरियाणा की तमाम जागीरों को अपने हिसाब से न केवल काबू किया बल्कि अपने वफादारों को जागीरदार के तौर पर स्थापित भी किया। गांधी जी द्वारा चलाए गए असहयोग आंदोलन का व्यापक प्रभाव देशी रियासतों की जनता पर भी पड़ा। इन रियासतों के शासक तो भारतीय थे, लेकिन इन पर प्रत्यक्ष रूप से ब्रिटिश शासन था। अधिकांश रियासतों पर निरंकुश शासन था। उच्च करों के कारण लोगों पर आर्थिक बोझ बहुत अधिक था, शिक्षा और सामाजिक सेवाएँ पिछड़ी हुई थीं और नागरिक अधिकार प्रतिबंधित थे। ऐसी स्थिति में कुछ रियासतों में प्रजामंडल आंदोलन चले जिन्होंने अपने अधिकारों के लिए आवाज उठाई। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र में हरियाणा की देशी रियासतों में हुए जन आंदोलनों के स्वरूप एवं विकास का वर्णन किया गया है।

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Ibid.

Budh Prakash, Ibid, p.197.

Ibid, p.198.