The INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PALM NUT SHELL- PLASTIC COMPOSITE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v4.i6.2020.128Keywords:
Palm Kernel Shell, Polyethylene, Particle Size, Composites, Flexural, Compressive Test, Density, Water Absorption, PollutionAbstract
Increasing population levels, booming economy and rapid urbanization have greatly accelerated the municipal solid waste (MSW) in our country; in our cities (Bamenda, Buea, Douala, Yaoundé etc.), poor management of solid waste constitutes an urgent problem: flood, deterioration of the urban environment in the form of air, water, and land pollution. Options like recycling and material recovery for subsequent re-use present enormous opportunities for waste management with economic and ecological benefits, wastes as well as plastic and palm nut shell have not yet been recycled satisfactorily; the performances of palm nut shell-plastic composites of 30% palm kernel shell with particle sizes varying from 1mm to 5mm and 70% of polyethylene were used to produce different samples The effects of palm kernel shell particles’ size on mechanical and physical properties of the new composite were studied by the help of different mechanical (flexural and compressive test) and physical tests (density and water absorption). Results showed a better interaction of polyethylene and palm kernel shell particles at 1mm sieve with compressive stress and water absorption higher at 1mm, ultimate flexural stress and the young’s modulus of the material increased as the particle size of the palm kernel shell increased, relatively higher density were obtained at 3mm of the palm kernel shell (PKS) size.
Downloads
References
Fred Z. A. recycling and material recovery in Cameroon: implications for poverty alleviation and ecological sustainability 1999 page 2.
Johnson U., Mahmud H. and Mohd Z., “Enhancement and Prediction of Modulus of Elasticity of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete,” Materials and Design Jour[1] Fred Z. A. recycling and material recovery in Cameroon: implications for poverty alleviation and ecological sustainability 1999 page 2.
Johnson U., Mahmud H. and Mohd Z., “Enhancement and Prediction of Modulus of Elasticity of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete,” Materials and Design Journal, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2010, pp. 2143-2148.
Larbig H., Scherzer H., Dahlke B. and Poltrock R., “Natural Fiber Reinforced Foams Based on Renewable Resources for Automotive Interior Applications,” Journal of Cellular Plastics, Vol. 34, No. 4, 1998, pp. 361-379.
Mehdi S. Djamel B., Abdelouahed K and Mohamed I. H. The Possibility of Making a Composite Material from Waste Plastic., International Conference on Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment and Sustainability, TMREES17, 21-24 April 2017, Beirut Lebanon
Choi, Y.-W., et al., Effects of waste PET bottles aggregate on the properties of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 2005. 35(4): p. 776-781.
Marzouk, O.Y., R. Dheilly, and M. Queneudec, Valorization of post-consumer waste plastic in cementitious concrete composites. Waste management, 2007. 27(2): p. 310-318.
da Silva, A.M., J. de Brito, and R. Veiga, Incorporation of fine plastic aggregates in rendering mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 2014. 71: p. 226-236.
Hannawi, K., S. Kamali-Bernard, and W. Prince, Physical and mechanical properties of mortars containing PET and PC waste aggregates. Waste management, 2010. 30(11): p. 2312-2320.
Siddique, R., J. Khatib, and I. Kaur, Use of recycled plastic in concrete: a review. Waste management, 2008. 28(10): p. 1835-1852.
Dagwa, I.M, bulders, P.f and J achebo characterization of palm kernel shell powder for the use in polymer matrix composites 2000.pge 88.
Muherjee P.S, Satyanaraya K. G, (1986). Mater J sci. 21.51. Nascimento G. C, Cechinel D. M, Piletti R, Mendes E, Paula MMS, Riella HG, Fiori MA. (2010). Effect of different concentrations and sizes of particles of rice huskash – RHS in the mechanical properties of polypropylene. Materials Science Forum; 660-661; 23-8
Rozman D., Zainal A. and Umaru S., “Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites: Oil Palm Fiber-Thermoplastics Composites,” CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005.
Wambua P., Ivens U. and Verpoest I., “Natural Fibers: Can They Replace Glass in Fiber-Reinforced Plastics? Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 63, No. 9, 2003, pp. 1259-1264.
doi:10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00096-4
Xuefeng, Z., Robert, K.Y.L. and Shu-Lin, B. (2014). Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fibre Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Composites: Effect of Fibre Content, interfacial Compatibilization and Manufacturing Process, Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing,65:169-174.
nal, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2010, pp. 2143-2148.
Larbig H., Scherzer H., Dahlke B. and Poltrock R., “Natural Fiber Reinforced Foams Based on Renewable Resources for Automotive Interior Applications,” Journal of Cellular Plastics, Vol. 34, No. 4, 1998, pp. 361-379.
Mehdi S. Djamel B., Abdelouahed K and Mohamed I. H. The Possibility of Making a Composite Material from Waste Plastic .,International Conference on Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment and Sustainability, TMREES17, 21-24 April 2017, Beirut Lebanon
. Choi, Y.-W., et al., Effects of waste PET bottles aggregate on the properties of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 2005. 35(4): p. 776-781.
. Marzouk, O.Y., R. Dheilly, and M. Queneudec, Valorization of post-consumer waste plastic in cementitious concrete composites. Waste management, 2007. 27(2): p. 310-318.
.da Silva, A.M., J. de Brito, and R. Veiga, Incorporation of fine plastic aggregates in rendering mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 2014. 71: p. 226-236.
.Hannawi, K., S. Kamali-Bernard, and W. Prince, Physical and mechanical properties of mortars containing PET and PC waste aggregates. Waste management, 2010. 30(11): p. 2312-2320.
.Siddique, R., J. Khatib, and I. Kaur, Use of recycled plastic in concrete: a review. Waste management, 2008. 28(10): p. 1835-1852.
Dagwa, I.M, bulders, P.f and J achebo characterization of palm kernel shell powder for the use in polymer matrix composites 2000.pge 88.
Muherjee P.S,Satyanaraya K. G, (1986). Mater J sci. 21.51. Nascimento G. C, Cechinel D. M, Piletti R, Mendes E, Paula MMS, Riella HG, Fiori MA. (2010). Effect of different concentrations and sizes of particles of rice huskash – RHS in the mechanical properties of polypropylene. Materials Science Forum; 660-661; 23-8
Rozman D., Zainal A. and Umaru S., “Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites: Oil Palm Fiber-Thermoplastics Composites,” CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005.
Wambua P., Ivens U. and Verpoest I., “Natural Fibers: Can They Replace Glass in Fiber-Reinforced Plastics?Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 63, No. 9, 2003, pp. 1259-1264. doi:10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00096-4
Xuefeng, Z., Robert, K.Y.L. and Shu-Lin, B. (2014). Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fibre Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Composites: Effect of Fibre Content, interfacial Compatibilization and Manufacturing Process, Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing,65:169-174.
