THEMISSION AND ESSENCE OF THE THEORY OF TECHNOLOGICAL ORDERS

The subject of the article is the mission and essence of the theory of technological orders; the object of the article is the process of technological development of the economy and society; the purpose of thework is to increase the ef iciency of the processes of formation of the sixth technological structure in the economy and society.; description of the methods of modernization of enterprises ’ products during the transition to the sixth technological mode; description of the scienti ic and practical signi icance of the general theory of technological modes; scienti ic methods in this article are the methodology and philosophy of science, logic, system analysis, synthesis, system approach, functionaldecomposition representation of complex technological systems, forecasting, expert methods; scienti ic novelty of the work is associated with the development of the methodology of the general theory of technological modes and the description of the scienti ic and practical signi icance of this general theory


INTRODUCTION
The relevance of this article is determined by the need to improve the effectiveness of scienti ic support for the processes of formation of a new technological order in the economy and society.
In 2008, the global systemic crisis began. At the initial stage, this crisis was considered a inancial crisis. This crisis is connected with the process of formation of the sixth technological order. The reason for the crisis is the discrepancy between the new technological basis and the old socio-industrial institutions. Economists believe that a new (sixth) technological order began to form in 2010. It is expected that the formation of a new technological order can continue until 2040. The lack of a scienti ic theory of technological structures deepens the crisis. The lack of development of the general theory of technological structures hinders the development of a new technological structure in the economy and society.
The hypothesis of the article is the statement that in order to accelerate the formation of the sixth technological order (mode) in society and the economy, it is of great importance: the formation of a general theory of technological order (modes); the socialization of knowledge, the understanding of the signi icance of this theory for the science and practice of socio-economic development of society.
The aim of the work is to increase the ef iciency of the processes of formation of the sixth technological order in the economy and society.
In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved in the article: • description of the functions and roles of the technological order (structure) in the economy and society; • development of methodological provisions of the general theory of technological order; • descriptions of the methods of modernization of enterprises ' products during the transition to the sixth technological order; • description of the scienti ic and practical signi icance of the general theory of technological orders.
The object of the article is the process of technological development of the economy and society. The subject of the article is the development of the general theory of technological orders and the description of the scienti ic and practical signi icance of this theory.
Scientists recognize the term "technological order (way of life)" as a scienti ic category Vdovina (2019), p. 605-618]. However, the essence of this category should be recognized as not yet suf iciently studied. In the process of forming the sixth technological order, it is expected that the economic potential of our country will develop . S. S. Yu et al. (2021), p. 107-112]. The technological order is considered as a set of technologies Qosakyan (2021), p. 4-8]. They develop the science of technological order (structures) V. Glushchenko (2020), p. 488-504]. The essence of the sixth technological order is investigated V. V. Glushchenko (2021b), p. 16]. They study the impact of the new technological order on the legal institutions of the state Pashentsev et al. (2021), p. 2]. They develop models of the technological development of the world economy Aivazov (2015);8, p.3-29]. They express the view that the impact of technology on the development of the organization has not yet been suf iciently studied Mescon et al. (1993), p. 131]. In the process of research, it is important: to describe the tasks of the scienti ic theory of technological order V. V. ; to conduct a systematic analysis of the technological order V. V. Glushchenko (2021d), p.22-34]; to form a methodology for strategic planning of the formation of the sixth technological order V. V. Glushchenko (2021c), p. 30-46]. There is a well-known point of view that the change of one technological order (mode) by another technological order (mode) is accompanied by a global crisis V. Glushchenko (2020), p. 488-504;13, p. 2]. In the process of developing a new technological order, technological platforms are formed Sindetsky (2009), p. 3-9]. Knowledge of functions and roles reveals the socio-economic essence of technological order V. V. . Studies show the existence of a relationship between the level of technological development and: • the form of the state, the speci ics of the legal system V. V. Glushchenko (n.d.-c), p. 2]; • types of money and the monetary system of the country V. V. Glushchenko (2009), p. 7-16]; • the level of human rights development V. V. Glushchenko (2018), p. 303-339]; • organizational forms of scienti ic activity V. V. Glushchenko et al. (2015), p. 2].
Innovation is a tool for the development of a new technological order (way of life). These innovations create an innovative monetary multiplier in the economy. This innovative money multiplier is opposed to the bank money multiplier. The ratio of the innovation money multiplier and the bank money multiplier affects in lation and the degree of hardness of the national currency of the state V. V. Glushchenko and Glushchenko (2016), p. 104-117]. The technological order (structure) can be considered as a large system. Therefore, for the study of technological order, their functional-decomposition representation can be used "GlushchenkoVV 1990 Functional decomposition representation of complex technical systems" (n.d.), p. 184-186].
The process of development of the sixth technological order can take the form of the development of a number of technological platforms V. V. .
In the process of developing the sixth technological order, the importance of the: project approach in the activities of organizations may increase V. V. ; scienti ic and pedagogical schools V. V. Glushchenko and The (2020), p.44-63].
In the process of the formation of the sixth technological order, there will be an institutional restructuring of universities and other organizations V. V. Glushchenko (2020), p. 56-71]. The effectiveness of the mechanism of integration of science, practice and education will be increased V. V. Glushchenko (2019), p. 25-40]. Further development of the project method of higher education is predicted V. V. Glushchenko (2021a), p. 29-37].

METHOD
Researchers believe that the technological order can act as a kind of "unit of measurement" in the periodization of global economic development Aivazov (2015); G. S. Yu (2016), p.2-29].
At the same time, researchers have not yet formed a consensus on what should be understood by the term «technological order». Here are some points of view regarding the concept of «technological order»: 1. In G. S. Yu (2016), p. 3-29], it is proposed to understand the technological order as a system of key global institutions that ensure the expanded reproduction of capital. With this approach, the analysis shows that such a de inition may not re lect the primary in luence of production technologies on the socio-economic superstructure of society (business forms, innovative institutions, the monetary system, the political system, the form of the state, the world order); 2. in some works, the technological order is understood as a set of production technologies that are at the same level, used in a certain period of time in the organization. However, it should be noted that this de inition of the concept of «technological order» actually duplicates the well-known term «technological basis of the organization».
In this situation, such a de inition of the concept under consideration can be proposed: "The technological order is a harmonious (systemic) combination of: a set of technologies of economic and inancial work; customs of business behavior (turnover); ways of organizing business processes; methods and tools of management at all levels (international, national, organizations); the nature of the functioning of technological, industrial and socio-economic institutions (relations). All this set of factors and relations is considered at a speci ic stage of their historical (temporary), economic, social, technological, ecological, and cultural development V. , p. 488-504]. However, it should be borne in mind that the "technological order (way)" belongs to the category of large technological systems. Therefore, it is impossible to give an exhaustive de inition of this concept. This conclusion was reached by scientists who for many years and times tried to give their de inition of a complex system. This conclusion is explained by: a large number of different aspects of such systems; a variety of possible goals for their study.
A change in the technological order can be accompanied by a change in the entire paradigm of socio-economic development of society. In 2021, there is a transition from territorial production complexes to a cluster-type economy. At the same time, technological platforms are also developing Sindetsky (2009), p. 3-9]. This allows us to predict a systemic change in all aspects of human activity in the process of forming a new sixth technological order.
At the same time, research in the framework of individual sciences (economics, technology, sociology, etc.) may not be fully adequate. This is due to the fact that in the process of research within a single scienti ic discipline, it is impossible to adequately describe: the systemic effects of combining different parts into a single whole; the synergy of interaction of various structural elements of the technological structure; the interaction of different levels of hierarchy; knowledge of an implicit nature, and others.
At the same time, at present, there is no scienti ic tools adequate to the scale of such a phenomenon as the technological order (way of life). However, such scienti ic tools are necessary for solving practical problems of the global transformation management system: the technological basis; the architecture of the economy; socioeconomic relations (institutions) in society. This further con irms the relevance of this article.
The technological order ( as a large and complex system) can be characterized by such properties V.  3. the connections between the elements of the internal environment of the technological order should be stronger than the connections between the elements of the internal environment and the elements of the external environment of the order; 4. the emergence property of the technological order: the properties of the technological order (as a large system) are not equal to the properties of the parts of this technological order; 5. the presence of several levels of hierarchy in the technological order: each level has its own goals and ways to achieve them; these levels are connected by relations of subordination; 6. the multifunctionality of the technological order is its ability to perform a certain set of functions on its existing structure (development of technologies; improvement of industrial relations; improvement of the level of comfort of life, etc.).); 7. the lexibility of the technological order lies in its ability to change the purpose, mode of operation, depending on: the conditions of the external environment( adaptation); the state of the elements of the internal environment (survivability); 8. the reliability of the technological order is its ability to perform its economic, technological, and social functions with certain quality indicators over a certain period of time; 9. the safety of the technological order is its ability not to cause unacceptable damage to its external and internal environment; 10. the durability of the technological order is its ability to work in a situation where external conditions go beyond certain limits; 11. the vulnerability of the technological order is its ability to receive (or not receive) damage from external and / or internal damaging (harmful) factors; 12. the stability of the technological order is its ability to come to an initial and / or equilibrium state after the end of harmful effects, and so on.
Each technological order can be considered as a ive-level technological "pyramid". Within this pyramid, all subjects of technological development can be divided into ive levels: • irms that create new technological principles; • irms that develop technologies based on these principles; • irms that design and manufacture the means of production for these technologies; • irms that use these means of production in the manufacture of their products or in the provision of services; • irms engaged in the extraction of raw materials, growing raw materials.
• Technological orders as large technological and, at the same time, socioeconomic systems implement the following functions: • materialization of accumulated knowledge in the process of developing new technological principles and technologies; • integration of technologies of the new and previous technological order; • the system-forming (aggregate) function of the technological order within the framework of its implementation, which is carried out by the system integration of the structural elements of the new technological order into a single whole V. V. Glushchenko (n.d.-a), p. 80-93]; • formation of new types of business processes (leasing, factoring, forfeiting, franchising, etc.); • creation of new types of industrial and socio-economic relations (institutions) that are more appropriate to the features of new technologies; • development of more effective concepts, methods, models of society management at all hierarchical levels (global, national, regions, organizations; families); • multiplication (multiplication) of economic bene its from the practical use of new types of technologies in the economy and society. Such «multiplication» takes the form of multiple applications of new echnologies. Such repeated use of new technologies occurs in the process of: creating fundamentally new products; upgrading existing products of irms during the transition to a new technological structure; modernization of technological capacities of enterprises, etc.
By implementing the described functions, the technological structure performs the following roles: 1. increasing the ef iciency of the national economy based on the results of the scienti ic and technological revolution; 2. creating safer and / or more comfortable living conditions for the individual and society as a whole; 3. creating a qualitative leap in the development of society; 4. the formation of a new world order and others.
At the same time, such a large-scale and practically important object as a technological order requires the development of a separate scienti ic direction for its research. Such a new scienti ic direction (the science of technological order) is designed to create a scienti ic and methodological basis for the study of the essence of technological order. The results of such studies will be of great importance for: reducing the risks of developing a new technological order; improving the effectiveness of the management system for the formation of the sixth technological order. The essence of the tasks of forming a new technological order can be studied at such hierarchical levels: the geopolitical (world) level (mega-level); the level of the national economy (macro-level); the level of organizations (micro-level); inter-level research (meso-level). With this approach, three types of analysis can be distinguished at the meso-level: meso-level studies that combine mega -and macro-levels ( irst-order meso-level); meso-level studies that jointly study the macro-level and the level of organizations (second-order meso-level studies); study of all three levels simultaneously (third-order meso-level).
When forming the science of technological orders, the methodological foundations of the general theory of science will be applied V. V. Glushchenko et al. (2015), p. 14-25].
The science of technological orders will be called a scienti ic discipline aimed at obtaining scienti ic knowledge about such an object of research as the technological structure. The considered scienti ic discipline can cover: a complex of scienti ic problems of technology development; the paradigm of scienti ic research (philosophy, ideology, policy, methodology); research methods; motives for conducting research and other aspects of studying the technological order.
The practical signi icance of the general theory of technological order is: to increase the ef iciency of the processes of forming a new technological order; to reduce the risks associated with the development of a new technological order.
In the general theory of technological structures (orderology), we agree to call the scienti ic method a set of techniques and principles. The application of these principles in practice provides an objective study of the phenomena. We are talking about phenomena that: describe the speci ics of a certain technological order; allow us to analyze and diagnose the situation within this technological order.
The functions of the general theory of technological orders can be called such functions. The methodological function of the general theory of technological orders consists in the development of the conceptual basis, the theoretical foundations of the methodology of scienti ic research of technological orders.
The process of obtaining, describing, classifying, studying, and evaluating individual phenomena within a certain technological order is provided by the cognitive function of this scienti ic theory.
The synthesis of effective management tools for the development of a new technological order is the regulatory (instrumental) function of the general theory of technological orders.
The legislative function of this general theory of technological order is to create legislation that provides favorable conditions for the formation of a new technological order.
The optimization function of the scienti ic theory of technological orders consists in choosing the most effective options for the development of parts or the entire technological order as a whole based on the accepted criterion.
The predictive function of the general theory of technological order is to form estimates of the probabilistic characteristics of the future states of the elements and the entire technological order as a whole.
The preventive function of the scienti ic theory of technological order is manifested in the development of an action plan aimed at reducing risks in the process of developing a new technological order.
The psychological function of the general theory of technological orders is to form a sense of the need to develop a new technological order. The implementation of this function should contribute to the perception of the new technological order as a social and economic value for society.
The function of socialization of knowledge in the general theory of technological orders is to structure, classify and transmit information about technological orders in the state, business and society.
The system-forming function of the general theory of technological orders includes: classi ication of elements of the technological order; structuring of knowledge; effective integrated use of knowledge. This knowledge is used to combine all parts of the technological orders into a single whole. As a result of such a combination, the emergence property of the technological order appears V. V. .
The roles of the general theory of technological order can be called the following: increasing the economic ef iciency of the processes of technological order development; reducing risks and damages in the development of a new technological order; increasing the inancial results of investments in the development of a new technological order.
We formulate such laws of the general theory of technological orders: 1. The history of scienti ic and technical and socio-economic progress of a society can be described as a sequence of successive technological orders; 13. each new technological order is formed as a result of a qualitative leap in the scienti ic and technological progress of the economy and society, and therefore characterizes a new stage of socio-economic development; 14. the technological order as a large and complex system has at the same time a technical, economic, social, humanistic, political and geopolitical dimension; 15. the development of a new technological order should be managed on the basis of the general theory of technological ways.
In the process of forming the sixth technological order, it is important to ensure the systematic integration of new technologies with the technologies of the new technological order. This combination creates a synergistic effect of increasing the cost of a qualitatively new product. At the same time, innovations in the economy generate an innovative monetary multiplier in the national monetary system V. V. Glushchenko and Glushchenko (2016), p.104-117]. For a long time, there have been attempts to develop the theory of technological order (structures) as part of economic theory G. S. Yu (2016), p. 3-29]. These attempts have not been suf iciently practically productive, because the technological order is not only an economic system. The technological order is a complex, large technical system.
For the study of large systems, the theory of hierarchical systems was proposed Mesarovich et al. (1973), p. 2]. The scienti ic theory of technological order developed in this article should relate to the theory of large systems.
The functions of the scienti ic theory of technological order should act as the key theoretical tasks of the development of the scienti ic foundations of the theory of this scienti ic theory.
The following tasks can be considered as the main practical tasks of the general theory of technological order: the development of methods for the modernization of products of enterprises of the during their transition to a new order; the formation of methods for the modernization of production technologies during the transition of enterprises to a subsequent technological order; the analysis of technological order and its parts; forecasting the development of technological order and its elements; and others.
Methods of the general theory of technological order can be called: expert assessments; decomposition and aggregation; system analysis and synthesis; heuristic forecasting; mental, mathematical, simulation modeling; geopolitics; theory of state and law; methods of theory and money; methods of organization theory; methods of the theory of organizational behavior; international monetary relations; innovation; inancial relations; organizational culture and cultural studies; psychology and others.
The analysis of the technological order is the study of the causal relationships between: the structure of the order and its indicators; individual parts and processes within the framework of the studied order; technological, social, economic, political and geopolitical results of the development of the technological order. The analysis of the technological order is usually accompanied by the division (decomposition) of the technological order into its separate parts.
The analysis of technological orders (structures) can include the following sections: historical (retrospective) analysis and structural (vertical) analysis of the technological order.
At the same time, the structural analysis of the technological order can include the following types of analysis: analysis of the technological basis; analysis of business forms; analysis of social and industrial relations, analysis of con licts; analysis of methods of working with personnel; analysis of credit and monetary relations; analysis of human rights; analysis of forms of the state and other types of analysis.
For the analysis of the functional structure, elements of the technological order, a functional-decomposition representation of the technological order can be recommended. This kind of representation was developed speci ically for the analysis of large technological humanistic systems.
The standard representation of the system is called the minimum amount of information necessary for the correct solution of problems of analysis, design, forecasting of large systems (in the case of the technological order under consideration) V. V. Glushchenko (2021c), p.30 -46; "GlushchenkoVV 1990 Functional decomposition representation of complex technical systems" (n.d.), p. 184-186].
In the process of studying approaches to the periodization of technological orders, the following was revealed. Firstly, the sequence of technological orders is determined only for the period of development within the framework of capitalism (since 1770) Aivazov (2015); G. S. Yu (2016), pp. 3-29]. Therefore, it was proposed to introduce two additional technological orders. These technical orders characterize the technological development of the economy in the period preceding capitalism (see Table 1 ).
However, the analysis showed that historically the internal combustion engine became the property of our civilization much earlier than it was commonly believed in the theory of technological orders Aivazov (2015); G. S. Yu (2016), p. 3-29]. For example, mass production of cars (Ford T ) began in 1908. At the same time, largescale production of cars is not possible without reliable internal combustion engines. Around the same time (1903, the Wright brothers), the production of aircraft with internal combustion engines was started. On this basis, the third technological order (1880-1930) is proposed to be called "internal combustion engines and an electric engine".
The fourth technological order is proposed to be called "electronic computing machines (computers) and means of automation of production processes" . In 1941, Konrad Zuse developed the Z3 electronic computer. This electronic computer had all the properties of a modern computer. On this basis, it became possible to develop production automation tools. Therefore, the fourth technological order can be called an "electronic computer".
The method of analyzing the technological order was developed in the works V. V. Glushchenko (2021d), p. 22-34; V. V. Glushchenko (2021c), p. 30-46]. The study of changes in the properties of technological order is given in Table 1 .
The analysis of the technological order (structure) can have a qualitative and quantitative character; a complex and thematic character, and more.
The development of a new technological order is characterized by a leap in scienti ic and technological development. Therefore, the use of statistical methods, the method of extrapolation of trends in forecasting such a development is not recommended. Attempts to model jumps in development based on statistical empirical data may be methodically incorrect.
The theory of forecasting recommends using heuristic methods, the method of morphological analysis, predictive scenario, and others in situations of high uncertainty and jumps in development.
We will call the project of the technological order (way) the image of the future technological order. The appearance of the technological order can be considered the structure and main characteristics of the technological order.
The structure of the new technological order includes the following types of new technologies: intelligent technologies; nanotechnology; digitalization technologies; neurotechnologies; information technologies; arti icial intelligence technologies; resource-saving technologies; environmentally friendly technologies and more.
The development of these technologies can have an organizational form of the formation of new technological platforms For each case of using new technologies as part of the products of the previous technological order, a scenario for the introduction of a new technology into the The process of repeated application of new technologies for the modernization of products of previous technological order will be called the process of multiplication (multiplication of application) of new technologies.
The economic ef iciency of multiplying technologies of a new way in products and production systems of previous ways is determined by the number of such applica- When designing and creating neurotechnological and other types of scienti ic and technical platforms, the results of the study described in V. V. Glushchenko (n.d.-e), pp. 44-63] can be effective. When creating new technology platforms, it is necessary to take into account the impact of external and internal factors.
It may be recommended to take into account such external factors: • the formation of new geopolitical poles and the associated change in the segmentation of markets and the positioning of irms in the markets; • the post-industrial nature of marketing management of business processes, which means that the company must irst identify a latent or create a new need and at the same time offer a product and technology to meet this need; • transfer of competition between high-tech irms to the ield of organizational cultures; • the growth in the number of buyers and employees of people from generation Z; • the almost continuous and permanent nature of innovation activity within the framework of the sixth technological order, which will change the balance between routine and innovative activities in organizations and others.

DISCUSSION
In the process of managing the formation of the sixth technological order, the importance of: innovation activity; organizational culture; the moral and psychological production environment of irms; the organizational design of the irm; the functional (production) architecture of the irm and others may increase. We will understand the set of elements of this system as a control system for the formation of a new technological order. These elements provide with their common effects an increase in the ef iciency (and / or reduction of risks) of the development of the sixth technological order.
The mission of the management system for the formation of the sixth technological order can be called the bene it to society from the creation of such a system. The mission of the management system for the formation of the sixth technological order can be: to increase the comfort and safety of the population's life.
The vision of the development of the sixth technological order can be an inspiring scenario for the development of this mode for the participants of this process.
As participants in the process of managing the formation of the sixth technological order in the national economy, we can name: the national government, scienti ic organizations, public business organizations, corporations, technology platforms, clusters, irms, universities and others.
The vision of the process of formation of the sixth technological order is to increase the global competitiveness of the national economy, increase the degree of comfort and security of the population's life.
For irms, the vision of the process of becoming the sixth technological order is to strive to improve their competitive position, increase the value of the company and others, etc.
The philosophy of the development of the sixth technological order is a general and wise view of this process. This philosophy is embodied in the principles of the development of a new technological order.
The principles of the formation of a new technological way of life can be called: increasing the comfort of life of the population; reducing the risks of the population's vital activity; respect for human rights (and, in particular, copyright); constant innovation; economic independence; self-suf iciency; material, social and national responsibility of participants; material interest and others. These principles should be perceived by the participants as the values of the organizational culture of the process of formation of a new technological order.

CONCLUSION
The article develops a general theory of technological order. The technological order is considered as a large technical and, at the same time, humanistic system. The article describes the functions and roles of technological order in socio-economic development. The properties of the technological order as a large humanistic system are described. In addition, two technological structures characterizing the pre-capitalist period of human development are considered. The fourth technological order is called "electronic computing machines". The paper develops the main methodological provisions of the general theory of technological order. The analysis of the properties of technological order in the form of a table is carried out. The mission, vision, and management system for the development of the technological order are described.