Granthaalayah
IDENTIFICATION AND CODING OF ELLIOT WAVE PATTERN

Identification and coding of Elliot Wave pattern

 

Vaidehi Vaghela 1, Ravi Gor 2

 

1 Research scholar, Department of Mathematics, Gujarat University, India

2 Department of Mathematics, Gujarat University, India

 

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ABSTRACT

Prediction of stock price and modelling of market pattern are quite difficult and complex to understand itself. There are hidden factors of market like effect of news, sentiment of crowd etc. which play an important role of modelling the market pattern. The modelling of market patterns was primarily developed by R.N. Elliott. The Elliott Wave theory was described subjectively in literature and wave patterns cannot be identify easily. In this work, we mainly focus on identification of wave pattern through Fractal indicators and Awesome Oscillator using R programming.

 

Received 19 March 2022

Accepted 19 April 2022

Published 06 May 2022

Corresponding Author

Vaidehi Vaghela,

vaidehivaghelafmg@gujaratuniversity.ac.in

DOI 10.29121/IJOEST.v6.i3.2022.325   

Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

With the license CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.

 

Keywords: Fractal Indicator, Awesome Oscillator, Elliott Wave, Elliott Wave Formation

 

 

 


1. INTRODUCTION

In modern financial analysis, many economists suggest that traditional model is not enough to perform entire analysis. If market is driven by people than the traditional analysis should be combined with psychology and human behaviour. If the psychological behaviour of traders and investors is taken into consideration it indicates that in certain situation, they often react in the same pattern; either panic buying/selling or holding. Such behaviour of traders and investors leads to drastic increase in buying/selling which creates buying/selling pressure in the market. This type of pressure creates patterns in price movements and the market moves with these price patterns. 

We can predict the market movement using price patterns. One of the simplest patterns of market is fractal pattern. When there is buying pressure in the market than market moves in upward direction but after certain time market will definitely change the direction due to lack of buyers. Such movement of price creates fractal pattern. If the strength of buyers/seller is not sufficient then it leads to up/down fractal.

 

1.1. FRACTAL INDICATOR WILLIAMS (1998)

The Fractal Indicator is a pattern indicator, and it is developed by Bill Williams in 1998 in his book ‘New Trading Dimensions: How to Profit from Chaos in Stocks, Bonds, and Commodities’. Originally, He developed this pattern indicator for generating buy-stop/sell-stop in Alligator Indicator. In the Fractal Indicator, pattern is made by five consecutive candles and the high/low of middle candle is highest high/lowest low among all five candles. There are three different types of patterns in Fractal Indicator which are represented in the following Figure 1. In this work, we mainly use Type-I pattern.

Figure 1

Figure 1

 

Calculation

Up Fractal

Down Fractal

 

where,

                                                                           

                                                            

                                                            

                                                            

                                                           

 

1.2. AWESOME OSCILLATOR (AO) WILLIAMS (1998)

According to Bill Williams, Awesome Oscillator is the best momentum indicator, and it is non-limiting oscillator. AO measures the speed of change in price of last five days and compares it with the speed of change in price of last thirty-four days. The value of AO is oscillated around zero.

 

Calculation

                                    

 

 

 

 

 

1.3. ELLIOTT WAVE

The Elliott Wave is mainly divided into two waves: 1) an impulse wave, which net travels in the same direction as the larger trend, always shows five waves in its pattern and 2) a corrective wave, on the other hand, net travels in the opposite direction of the main trend. Elliott (1946)

As shown in Figure 1 the wave formation consists of 5 waves in the direction of primary/impulsive wave marked as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. It is followed by three waves in reverse direction of main trend which is called corrective waves marked as A, B and C. As shown in Figure 2, inner wave marked as 1, 3 and 5 are also impulsive waves of smaller degree. So, the wave 1, wave 3 and wave 5 are parts of impulsive wave in upward direction. Elliott (1946)

Though Elliott waves follow many rules, but three basic rules are followed by each wave to interpret the Elliott wave. These guidelines are unbreakable. These rules are as follows:

·        Rule 1: Wave 2 is not retracted more than 100% of wave 1.

·        Rule 2: Wave 3 can never be the shortest wave among the 5 waves of impulse.

·        Rule 3: Wave 4 cannot touch Wave 1. Elliott (1946)

Figure 2

Figure 2  Elliott Wave Elliott (1946)

 

 

Elliott Wave formation using Fractal Indicator and Awesome Oscillator

The Elliott Wave pattern can be classified into two waves namely Impulse wave and Corrective wave. The main Impulse wave includes five wave points, and the main Corrective wave includes three wave points. In the main Impulse wave, wave points 1, 3 and 5 are end point of impulse wave and wave points 2 and 4 are end point of corrective wave. According to the rules of Elliott Wave formation, if we find the five points of impulse wave then the remaining 3 points can be easily predicted. So, in this work, me mainly focus on identifying 5 wave points of main Impulse wave. For that, we use Fractal Indicator and Awesome Oscillator.  

In the Elliott Wave, first five wave points can be identified using up and down Fractal. But it is not necessary that every fractal is wave point. In addition to this, every rule of Elliott wave formation must be followed to become a wave point. To identify wave points 1, 3 and 5, two information are needed: 1) up fractal and 2) a change in trend coming from that (particular) point. And to identify wave points 2 and 4, two information are needed: 1) down fractal and 2) a change in trend coming from that (particular) point. This trend change can identify using Awesome Oscillator. So, in this work, we try to find out the Elliott Wave formation using Fractal Indicator and Awesome Oscillator.

 

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Elliott (1946) published his definitive work on wave principle. He developed the wave theory based on human behaviour in a specific pattern. Using stock market data as his main research tool, Elliott had isolated thirteen patterns of movement, or "waves," that recur in market price data. Elliott (1946)

Williams (1998) developed the new concepts combining trading psychology and chaos theory on the stock markets. He introduced markets inherent parts into five trading dimensions.  He described the leading indicator called Awesome Oscillator (AO) which measures immediate momentum of the market. Williams (1998)

Akar and Ugur (2021) studied the stock price prediction of tesla motors using different technical indicators. he also used machine learning algorithms namely long short-term memory model (LSTM) for price prediction. he observed that investor should use more than one indicator for trend identification.  He analysed that LSTM might predict an unexpected jump in the stock price and help in finding the entry and exit signals. Akar and Ugur (2021)

Iovane et al. (2016) introduced the multiparametric methodology (MIAMI Model) for financial trading, investment, and prospects analysis Iovane et al. (2016).

Roy (2020) explained how the movement of the market can be captured by the Bill Williams invented Alligator, Fractal and Awesome Oscillator. He discussed how to make quick profits from the above indicators in swing trading. Also, he emphasized on risk management and proper position trading in a market. Roy (2020)

Vaghela and Gor (2020) worked on Elliott wave theory with a combination of sentiment indicator put-call ratio to reduce the complexity of Elliott wave theory. They tried to identify the wave pattern by put call ratio indicator. Vaghela and Gor (2020)

Vaghela et al. (2021) constructed a combined strategy of Commodity Channel Index (CCI) and Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA) for the Elliott wave formation. They examined that the combined strategy provides better buying and selling opportunity Vaghela et al. (2021).

Vaghela et al. (2021) developed Elliott wave creation through Stochastic Oscillator and Average Directional Indicator (ADX). They concluded that ADX is better at wave formation than Stochastic Oscillator. Also, this strategy helps to identify the upcoming trend in the market. Vaghela et al. (2021)

Panchal et al. (2020) introduced a new trading method of Bollinger Bands namely Moving Fibonacci Strategy (MF Strategy) and concluded that MF strategy identify signal when security prices were around the moving average and that is a short fall of Bollinger Bands strategy Panchal et al. (2020).

Panchal and Gor (2022) worked on comparative study of different investing strategies namely DCRSI Strategy, PSAREMA Strategy and MF Strategy with the oldest and basic strategy Moving Average Crossover Panchal and Gor (2022).

 

3. FRACTAL INDICATOR THROUGH EXCEL AND R PROGRAMMING

·        Excel

1)     Find the High(n-2), High(n-1), High(n), High(n+1), High(n+2), Low(n-2),   Low(n-1), Low (n), Low (n+1) and Low (n+2) value from data

2)     Outcome: - IF(E2>=C2, E2>=D2, E2>=F2, E2>=G2,"Up Fractal","0") and IF (E2<=C2, E2<=D2, E2<=F2, E2<=G2,"Down Fractal","0")

 

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

1

Date

High

High

(n-2)

High

(n-1)

High(n)

High(n+1)

High(n+2)

Outcome

2

6/1/2021

2202

2,105.00

2,191.70

2,202.00

2,209.50

2,250.00

0

3

6/2/2021

2209.5

2,191.70

2,202.00

2,209.50

2,250.00

2,216.45

0

4

6/3/2021

2250

2,202.00

2,209.50

2,250.00

2,216.45

2,242.00

Up Fractal

5

6/4/2021

2216.45

2,209.50

2,250.00

2,216.45

2,242.00

2,227.15

0

6

6/7/2021

2242

2,250.00

2,216.45

2,242.00

2,227.15

2,221.00

0

7

6/8/2021

2227.15

2,216.45

2,242.00

2,227.15

2,221.00

2,230.00

0

8

6/9/2021

2221

2,242.00

2,227.15

2,221.00

2,230.00

2,228.00

0

9

6/10/2021

2230

2,227.15

2,221.00

2,230.00

2,228.00

2,258.25

0

10

6/11/2021

2228

2,221.00

2,230.00

2,228.00

2,258.25

2,274.90

0

11

6/14/2021

2258.25

2,230.00

2,228.00

2,258.25

2,274.90

2,247.05

0

12

6/15/2021

2274.9

2,228.00

2,258.25

2,274.90

2,247.05

2,235.00

Up Fractal

13

6/16/2021

2247.05

2,258.25

2,274.90

2,247.05

2,235.00

2,235.00

0

14

6/17/2021

2235

2,274.90

2,247.05

2,235.00

2,235.00

2,247.50

0

15

6/18/2021

2235

2,247.05

2,235.00

2,235.00

2,247.50

2,261.00

0

16

6/21/2021

2247.5

2,235.00

2,235.00

2,247.50

2,261.00

2,250.60

0

17

6/22/2021

2261

2,235.00

2,247.50

2,261.00

2,250.60

2,214.60

Up Fractal

18

6/23/2021

2250.6

2,247.50

2,261.00

2,250.60

2,214.60

2,153.50

0

19

6/24/2021

2214.6

2,261.00

2,250.60

2,214.60

2,153.50

2,126.50

0

20

6/25/2021

2153.5

2,250.60

2,214.60

2,153.50

2,126.50

2,109.00

0

21

6/28/2021

2126.5

2,214.60

2,153.50

2,126.50

2,109.00

2,122.65

0

22

6/29/2021

2109

2,153.50

2,126.50

2,109.00

2,122.65

2,123.15

0

23

6/30/2021

2122.65

2,126.50

2,109.00

2,122.65

2,123.15

2,132.90

0

24

7/1/2021

2123.15

2,109.00

2,122.65

2,123.15

2,132.90

2,153.55

0

25

7/2/2021

2132.9

2,122.65

2,123.15

2,132.90

2,153.55

2,148.90

0

26

7/5/2021

2153.55

2,123.15

2,132.90

2,153.55

2,148.90

2,127.75

Up Fractal

 

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

1

Date

Low

Low

(n-2)

Low

(n-1)

Low (n)

Low(n+1)

Low(n+2)

Outcome

2

6/1/2021

2146.5

1,990.00

2,085.05

2,146.50

2,157.00

2,196.10

0

3

6/2/2021

2157

2,085.05

2,146.50

2,157.00

2,196.10

2,184.25

0

4

6/3/2021

2196.1

2,146.50

2,157.00

2,196.10

2,184.25

2,185.00

0

5

6/4/2021

2184.25

2,157.00

2,196.10

2,184.25

2,185.00

2,198.15

0

6

6/7/2021

2185

2,196.10

2,184.25

2,185.00

2,198.15

2,157.95

0

7

6/8/2021

2198.15

2,184.25

2,185.00

2,198.15

2,157.95

2,177.55

0

8

6/9/2021

2157.95

2,185.00

2,198.15

2,157.95

2,177.55

2,180.10

DownFractal

9

6/10/2021

2177.55

2,198.15

2,157.95

2,177.55

2,180.10

2,195.05

0

10

6/11/2021

2180.1

2,157.95

2,177.55

2,180.10

2,195.05

2,240.30

0

11

6/14/2021

2195.05

2,177.55

2,180.10

2,195.05

2,240.30

2,205.85

0

12

6/15/2021

2240.3

2,180.10

2,195.05

2,240.30

2,205.85

2,179.90

0

13

6/16/2021

2205.85

2,195.05

2,240.30

2,205.85

2,179.90

2,184.35

0

14

6/17/2021

2179.9

2,240.30

2,205.85

2,179.90

2,184.35

2,200.15

DownFractal

15

6/18/2021

2184.35

2,205.85

2,179.90

2,184.35

2,200.15

2,219.35

0

16

6/21/2021

2200.15

2,179.90

2,184.35

2,200.15

2,219.35

2,201.70

0

17

6/22/2021

2219.35

2,184.35

2,200.15

2,219.35

2,201.70

2,140.00

0

18

6/23/2021

2201.7

2,200.15

2,219.35

2,201.70

2,140.00

2,081.10

0

19

6/24/2021

2140

2,219.35

2,201.70

2,140.00

2,081.10

2,081.00

0

20

6/25/2021

2081.1

2,201.70

2,140.00

2,081.10

2,081.00

2,084.10

0

21

6/28/2021

2081

2,140.00

2,081.10

2,081.00

2,084.10

2,091.05

DownFractal

22

6/29/2021

2084.1

2,081.10

2,081.00

2,084.10

2,091.05

2,095.00

0

23

6/30/2021

2091.05

2,081.00

2,084.10

2,091.05

2,095.00

2,092.95

0

24

7/1/2021

2095

2,084.10

2,091.05

2,095.00

2,092.95

2,131.50

0

25

7/2/2021

2092.95

2,091.05

2,095.00

2,092.95

2,131.50

2,120.20

0

26

7/5/2021

2131.5

2,095.00

2,092.95

2,131.50

2,120.20

2,098.00

0

 

·        R-Programming: (some important steps)

1)     Import data from yahoo finance.

2)     Data manipulation: Omit ‘Null’ value from the data.

3)     Find the High(n-2), High(n-1), High(n), High(n+1), High(n+2), Low(n-2),               Low(n-1), Low (n), Low (n+1) and Low (n+2) value from data.

4)     Using above value find Up Fractal and Down Fractal.

 

4. AWESOME OSCILLATOR THROUGH EXCEL AND R PROGRAMMING

·        Excel

1)    Mid-Price: -  

2)     SMA(Mid-Price,5): - Average (previous 5 days Mid-Price)  

3)     SMA(Mid-Price,34): - Average (previous 34 days Mid-Price)

4)     AO: - SMA(Mid-Price,5) - SMA(Mid-Price,34)

5)     Trend: - IF(C2>C3, DOWN) & IF (C2<C3, UP)

 

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

1

Date

High

Low

Mid-Price

SMA(Mid-Price,5)

SMA(Mid-Price,34)

AO

Trend

2

6/1/2021

2202

2146.5

2174.25

2062.03

1966.9566

95.073382

UP

3

6/2/2021

2209.5

2157

2183.25

2104.2

1974.3809

129.81912

UP

4

6/3/2021

2250

2196.1

2223.05

2153.285

1983.0228

170.26221

UP

5

6/4/2021

2216.45

2184.25

2200.35

2183.855

1990.7684

193.08662

UP

6

6/7/2021

2242

2185

2213.5

2198.88

1998.8662

200.01382

UP

7

6/8/2021

2227.15

2198.15

2212.65

2206.56

2007.9676

198.59235

DOWN

8

6/9/2021

2221

2157.95

2189.475

2207.805

2016.3426

191.46235

DOWN

9

6/10/2021

2230

2177.55

2203.775

2203.95

2025.4074

178.54265

DOWN

10

6/11/2021

2228

2180.1

2204.05

2204.69

2034.1404

170.54956

DOWN

11

6/14/2021

2258.25

2195.05

2226.65

2207.32

2042.6669

164.65309

DOWN

12

6/15/2021

2274.9

2240.3

2257.6

2216.31

2051.1926

165.11735

UP

13

6/16/2021

2247.05

2205.85

2226.45

2223.705

2058.0272

165.67779

UP

14

6/17/2021

2235

2179.9

2207.45

2224.44

2063.3669

161.07309

DOWN

15

6/18/2021

2235

2184.35

2209.675

2225.565

2069.1875

156.3775

DOWN

16

6/21/2021

2247.5

2200.15

2223.825

2225

2076.9162

148.08382

DOWN

17

6/22/2021

2261

2219.35

2240.175

2221.515

2085.7625

135.7525

DOWN

18

6/23/2021

2250.6

2201.7

2226.15

2221.455

2094.6706

126.78441

DOWN

19

6/24/2021

2214.6

2140

2177.3

2215.425

2102.2147

113.21029

DOWN

20

6/25/2021

2153.5

2081.1

2117.3

2196.95

2107.4051

89.544853

DOWN

21

6/28/2021

2126.5

2081

2103.75

2172.935

2112.4015

60.533529

DOWN

22

6/29/2021

2109

2084.1

2096.55

2144.21

2117.4684

26.741618

DOWN

23

6/30/2021

2122.65

2091.05

2106.85

2120.35

2122.9654

-2.615441

DOWN

24

7/1/2021

2123.15

2095

2109.075

2106.705

2128.4088

-21.70382

DOWN

25

7/2/2021

2132.9

2092.95

2112.925

2105.83

2133.2912

-27.46118

DOWN

26

7/5/2021

2153.55

2131.5

2142.525

2113.585

2137.8493

-24.26426

UP

 

·        R-Programming: (some important steps)

1)     Import data from yahoo finance.

2)     Data manipulation: Omit ‘Null’ value from the data.

3)     Find Mid-Price.

4)     Calculate SMA(Mid-Price,5), SMA(Mid-Price,34) and then after calculate AO.

5)     Plot AO.

 

5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

5.1. Objective

To identify exact Elliott wave pattern using its subjective rules through Fractal Indicator and Awesome Oscillator.

To derive R-code and Excel-code for Fractal Indicator and Awesome Oscillator.

To identify the Elliott wave pattern in security prices using the programming language R 

 

5.2. Data Collection

·        In this work, we have taken daily data from NSE website.

·        We collected stock price data from January 2005 to March 2022 from NSE website.

·        To demonstrate the study, we use four companies: Reliance Industry pvt. Ltd. (RELIANCE.NS), Aarti Industries Limited (AARTIIND.NS), Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited (DRREDDY.NS), Graphite India Limited (GRAPHITE.NS). The choice of the companies is random.

 

5.3. Computation

All the computations are performed in R-Programming. The step wise procedure is given below.

·        Take a data of security from NSE/BSE.

·        Clean the data of security that is removing non-trading day using excel.

·        Import clean data of security in RStudio which includes ‘Open’, ‘High’, ‘Low’ and ‘Close’ price of security.

·        Find Mid-Price using ‘High’ and ‘Low’ price. After that calculate SMA(Mid-Price,5) and SMA(Mid-Price,34) and Calculate AO.

·        Find current trend using AO.

·        Find Up Fractal and Down Fractal using ‘High’ and ‘Low’ price.

·        Identify Elliott Wave pattern using current trend and Fractal.

 

5.4. Result

Using the above procedure, we can identify Elliott Wave Pattern using daily, ‘Open’, ‘High’, ‘Low’ and ‘Close’ price of security. For the demonstration purpose, Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 represent one Bullish and Bearish wave of RELIANCE.NS, AARTIIND.NS, DRREDDY.NS and GRAPHITE.NS respectively. In the outcome, we find 5 impulse wave points through pattern identification and give the prediction for 3 corrective wave point namely A, B, and C. In other words, we find the main impulse wave of Elliott Wave pattern and give the prediction for the corrective wave. If the impulse wave is Bullish, then upcoming corrective wave is Bearish and vice a versa.

Table 1

Table 1 Bullish and Bearish Wave (RELIANCE.NS)

Date

High

Low

Bullish Wave

Date

High

Low

Bearish Wave

3/25/2020

1140.73

954.2

W1

5/4/2018

955.64

941.07

W1

3/30/2020

1064.7

1010.42

W2

5/15/2018

990.6

967.47

W2

4/15/2020

1224.39

1132.26

W3

5/23/2018

917.3

900.61

W3

4/21/2020

1240.24

1153.07

W4

5/29/2018

919.28

905.81

W4

4/24/2020

1480.91

1334.54

W5

5/30/2018

914.53

898.08

W5

 

 

Figure 3

Figure 3  Graphical representation of Table 1

 

  Table 2

Table 2 Bullish and Bearish Wave (AARTIIND.NS)

Date

High

Low

Bullish Wave

Date

High

Low

Bearish Wave

9/26/2016

153.81

151.17

W1

7/5/2007

10.63

9.67

W1

9/29/2016

149.92

141.59

W2

7/10/2007

11.94

10.91

W2

10/5/2016

166.93

162.8

W3

8/10/2007

7.05

6.62

W3

10/7/2016

165.47

160.37

W4

8/16/2007

7.83

7.33

W4

10/19/2016

184.65

178.9

W5

8/24/2007

7.01

6.6

W5

 

Figure 4

  Figure 4 Graphical representation of Table 2

 

Table 3

Table 3 Bullish and Bearish Wave (DRREDDY.NS)

Date

High

Low

Bullish Wave

 

Date

High

Low

Bearish Wave

8/18/2021

4755.04

4675

W1

 

11/25/2014

3595

3460

W1

8/24/2021

4595.7

4445.7

W2

 

12/1/2014

3666.25

3602

W2

9/6/2021

4943.29

4871.45

W3

 

12/8/2014

3405.55

3310.55

W3

9/7/2021

4925.95

4855.54

W4

 

12/11/2014

3448

3331

W4

9/16/2021

4996.5

4916.54

W5

 

12/17/2014

3213

3057

W5

 

Figure 5

Figure 5 Graphical representation of Table 3

 

Table 4

Table 4 Bullish and Bearish Wave (GRAPHITE.NS)

Date

High

Low

Bullish Wave

Date

High

Low

Bearish Wave

12/22/2021

424

409.75

W1

2/3/2020

293.89

280.54

W1

12/27/2021

407

396

W2

2/10/2020

329.79

316

W2

12/31/2021

544

503.85

W3

2/18/2020

266

260

W3

1/6/2022

505

495.29

W4

2/19/2020

276.89

266.1

W4

1/13/2022

569

548

W5

2/28/2020

235

222

W5

 

Figure 6

Figure 6  Graphical representation of Table 4

 

6. CONCLUSION

In this paper, we have successfully used the Fractal Indicator and Awesome Oscillator for Elliott wave formation. Using R programming we find five wave points of the Elliott wave's main impulse wave. We have applied this to the index NIFTY100 and top 100 securities of the NSE. We took data from January 2005 to April 2022. We attempt to predict three wave point of main Corrective Wave which is correct in most cases, but there are exceptions like, in Figure 6, identification of Bearish wave points 5 is wrong so prediction of corrective is not correct. Such instances call for further research into this area. In this work we have worked on only one standard wave pattern of Elliott Wave, so we get less wave pattern on security price. Further improvements on this works are the scope for future research.

 

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