International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH

THE EFFICACY OF COCOA BEAN EXTRACT MOUTHWASH CONCENTRATION IN REDUCING PLAQUE INDEX IN THE ORAL CAVITY AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AT SDN KAYEE LEU, INGIN JAYA SUBDISTRICT, ACEH BESAR

2024-04-30T06:18:54+00:00

Oral and dental diseases have a high prevalence in Indonesia, with 88.8% of the population experiencing dental caries and periodontitis. Dental plaque is a soft deposit that tightly adheres to tooth surfaces and is composed of microorganisms that contribute to the development of dental caries. Preventing caries and controlling plaque can be achieved through the use of mouthwash, which is more effective when herbal mouthwash containing antioxidants and antibacterial agents is used. Cocoa bean extract (Theobroma Cacao L.) contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as strong inhibitory effects against S. mutans bacteria. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of cocoa bean extract mouthwash concentration in reducing the plaque index in the oral cavity. The research methods included laboratory experiments and quasi-experiments with a post-test only control group design. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine laboratory, University of Syiah Kuala, and SDN Kayee Leu, Aceh Besar, involving 30 students. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA in the SPSS program. The results of the study indicate that the phytochemical analysis of cocoa bean extract contains alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of cocoa bean extract mouthwash on the growth of Streptococcus mutans was observed at a concentration of 1%, and no Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was found in this study. The 1% and 2% concentrations of the mouthwash effectively removed plaque compared to the 0% concentration. In conclusion, the use of cocoa bean extract mouthwash is effective in reducing the plaque index. Further research should consider clinical trials to explore its potential as an herbal remedy.

THE USE OF CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HERITAGE IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS BETWEEN SPACES, IDENTITIES, ATTITUDES, AND COGNITIVE WELL-BEING

2024-04-30T06:18:43+00:00

The paper explores some links between educational research, the use of cultural and environmental heritage and education, where it is possible to combine knowledge, disciplines, and skills to strengthen the cultural profile of the school population, but also to bring about important changes in attitudes and behavior. The world's cultural and environmental heritage, which collects the traces of extraordinary but also tragic events in human history, can act as a unifying force for peaceful coexistence for the whole of humanity, enabling future citizens to participate in democratic debate and make informed choices about the social challenges they face. It therefore contributes not only to the development of knowledge, but also to the ability of children, young people, and adults to understand contemporary problems by placing them in human, social, environmental, historical, and cultural contexts that help them to live. For cultural heritage to contribute to the recovery of knowledge, researchers, teachers, and operators must be able to share a solid research background that allows them to address the various issues relating to the quality of the experiences of use carried out in school contexts, with the aim of improving the learning processes of users. In fact, the cultural and environmental resources of the territory can only be a real methodological resource for improving cognitive well-being and the overall quality of education at all levels if they are seen as useful tools for different types of learning (cognitive, social, etc.) and not as general educational tools. The paper therefore questions the use of cultural and environmental heritage in education and its adequacy with respect to learning conditions, pausing to consider also the role played by attitudes to fruition, highlighting those elements and dimensions that can contribute to redefining the relationship between education, goods, and environment, in the idea of strengthening interpretative repertoires in educational contexts.

AUTOCHTHONOUS PHONOLOGICAL INFLUENCES IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING, REMEDIAL STRATEGIES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS

2024-04-30T06:18:41+00:00

Students in ESL classrooms come from a variety of L1 backgrounds and have varying pronunciation issues, thus often teachers are reluctant to teach pronunciation. This Teaching Tip report describes what are ways to give Remedial strategies to the Tamil speaking students in and around Kovilpatti Thoothukudi District, Tamilnadu. The study will involve the selection of a group of college students. The initial step is to identify their phonotactical concerns by observation and interviewing, and then add the usual errors that Tamil learners generally make. Through the curriculum created, they will receive the instruction required to overcome the effects and limitations. This paper explores Phonological problems in L2 acquisition, Discusses Common problems in Classroom. Experience has shown that Elucidate Phonetical basic patterns and Errors For instance, for a beginner learning Tamil, it would be challenging to distinguish between the following words: (Principle – Principaal, Gad – Guard, adopt – adapt). Unearthing the common mistakes made by students of this region. There will be ideas for additional study and instructional advice included with the recommendations.

SKILL MANAGEMENT IMPACT IN INDIAN MSMES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS IN THE CONTEXT OF CSR PRACTICES

2024-04-30T06:18:46+00:00

Upskilling is a prevailing trend in the workplace that provides employees with updated and advanced training programs and opportunities to enhance their skills and bridge skill gaps. Sustainable consumption and production patterns and green CSR practices are pervasive in Indian MSMEs to become a greener economy. The consumer demand for sustainable products is visible across the globe, creating opportunities for Indian MSMEs in the international marketplace. In light of this fact, the present research article aims to analyze the current gap in past studies concerning MSMEs by investigating the correlation between sustainability practices, specifically with respect to sustainable consumption and production patterns, green CSR initiatives, and the performance of MSMEs. This study aims to examine various viewpoints on MSMEs' sustainable business practices, which are a) how sustainable consumption impacts the efficiency of MSMEs, b) the influence of sustainable production patterns on MSMEs' performance, and c) the impact on the efficiency of MSMEs' operations as a result of CSR activities.
A self-structured questionnaire has been sent to the MSMEs' owners, managers, directors, and administrative officers through email to conduct the research work. In addition, a structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to sample 130 Indian MSMEs. The study's main findings are that the sustainable consumption and production patterns of skill-based CSR practices impact the efficiency of MSMEs in India. It has also been discovered that their sustainable practices are generating global market opportunities. This study has important implications for MSME owners and policymakers because applying sustainable consumption and production patterns and implementing skill-based CSR practices as sustainable strategies will create a greener economy and positively impact the performance of MSMEs.

PRIMACY OF LANGUAGE DOMAINS PERTAINING TO TENYIDIE LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY

2024-04-30T06:18:38+00:00

Human beings are a social animal and we progress through communication by using language. Effective communication is needed in our day to day lives and in order to communicate effectively it is significant to attain the language domain effectively as well. Language domain is a communication skill, it is the ability to listen, speak, read and write. The improvement of the four language domains can enable an individual to develop proficiency in Tenyidie. The effective communication depends on the level of how well an individual can use a language accurately and aptly. One cannot become proficient or master a language by overnight rather it is through practice and proper learning of language skills one can attain the desired proficiency in Tenyidie language. This paper aims to discuss the primacy and importance of the language domains and bring out suggestive measures towards improving language skills straddled with the intent to motivate learners to acquire proficiency in Tenyidie language.

OPPORTUNITIES, TEACHERS’ ATTITUDE AND ENGAGEMENT IN CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT (CPD) ACTIVITIES

2024-04-30T06:18:27+00:00

This descriptive research investigated the opportunities, attitude, and engagement in Continuing Professional Development (CPD) activities among elementary school teachers in the Province of Iloilo for the school year 2023-2024. The population comprised of elementary school teachers, with 380 participants selected through random sampling. Data were collected through an online survey utilizing a structured, researcher-made, validated and reliability tested questionnaire. The results revealed significant differences in the opportunities for CPD activities across congressional districts. Additionally, significant variations were found in teachers' attitude towards CPD activities based on their educational attainment. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the level of teachers' engagement in CPD activities concerning both educational attainment and congressional district. However, no significant differences were found when teachers were classified according to their age, sex, school level, and school size. This study concludes that, while opportunities and attitude significantly influence engagement in CPD activities, their significant differences vary when they were classified according to their educational attainment and congressional district. Hence, it is imperative to consider these when designing CPD programs for elementary school teachers in the Province of Iloilo. Tailoring CPD opportunities and strategies is highly recommended to address the specific needs and preferences of teachers based on their educational backgrounds and geographic locations. Moreover, further research is warranted to explore additional variables that may influence teachers' engagement in CPD activities and to assess the long-term effectiveness of CPD programs in enhancing teaching quality and student outcomes.

CURRICULUM AND PEDAGOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN INDIA UNDER NEP 2020

2024-04-30T06:18:30+00:00

The National Educational Policy (2020). is a policy formulated by the Government of India to reform the education system in India. It replaces the NEP 1986 in order to meet the educational requirements of the 21st Century. The NEP 2020 aims to make “India a global knowledge superpower”. It is the third major framework in the constitutional framework in the field of education. Unlike its former predecessor the National Educational Policy (2020) completely revamps the educational policy of 1986 and lays down a new foundational system of education among primary students by emphasising life skills along with education. The policy focuses on other aspects like multidisciplinary and holistic education, conceptual understanding, creative & critical thinking, multilingualism, and several other aspects of cognitive development.

OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL EDUCATION INTO SCHOOL EDUCATION IN WEST BENGAL

2024-04-30T06:18:25+00:00

This paper investigates the integration of Digital Education in school education in West Bengal, assessing its opportunities, challenges, and future directions. The study is significant for modernizing and diversifying education in West Bengal, aiming to enhance learning outcomes and bridge socio-economic disparities.
Introduction: The integration of Digital Education in education is pivotal in the digital age. In West Bengal, initiatives like "Digital West Bengal" highlight the importance of technology in education, promoting student engagement and collaborative learning environments. The study aims to bridge knowledge gaps about Digital Education in West Bengal schools through a descriptive survey method, collecting data from teachers across West Bengal on their utilization, perceptions, and suggestions regarding Digital Education.
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to analyze effective strategies for integrating Digital Education, identify opportunities for enhancing teaching and learning, assess challenges hindering successful integration, and propose future directions for maximizing Digital Education benefits in West Bengal school education.
Methodology: A descriptive survey method was employed, using a self-constructed questionnaire distributed to a diverse sample of teachers in West Bengal. The questionnaire, designed on a 5-point Likert scale, aimed to gauge perceptions and opinions on Digital Education integration of digital education among teachers. The study involved stratified sampling across urban and rural, public, and private schools at the higher secondary level.
Findings: The research found significant disparities in Digital Education integration between urban and rural public schools, with urban schools having a higher level of integration. However, the study found no significant difference between urban and rural private schools. Challenges in Digital Education integration were similar across all schools, emphasizing the need for unified strategies. Opportunities for Digital Education integration did not significantly differ between urban and rural schools, indicating an equitable landscape for Digital Education integration across different school environments in West Bengal.
Conclusion: The study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to bridge the digital divide in rural areas and ensure equitable access to technology-enhanced learning. The findings suggest a need for comprehensive strategies encompassing infrastructure, teacher training, curriculum development, and policy frameworks to support sustainable Digital Education integration efforts.