CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK SECTOR IN SOUTH SUDAN: REVIEW PAPER

Authors

  • Taban .A.J. Emmanuel Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey
  • Kabwanga Ismail Tijjani Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey
  • Ahmet Çakır Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i2.2018.1564

Keywords:

South Sudan, Livestock, Challenges and Improvement

Abstract [English]

South Sudan has agrıculture as one of the main contributors of her economy since the vast majority of the households engage in different agricultural activities. Among which is Livestock and it is mostly done on small scale. Cattle keepers are faced with challenges like political instability, civil conflicts, cattle raiding, Continuous uncontrolled pastoralism and poor record keeping by stakeholder with less or no initiatives from gov’t to combat the above short comings. The above loopholes among others retard the improvement of the livestock sector. This paper however is meant to highlight the most challenges affecting livestock production, and possible suggestions that can be of use for the organization and the improvement of the livestock sectors. Although South Sudan is considered to be one of the highest Cattle keeping country in Africa, this may be just a mirth once the above issues aren’t timely addressed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Catley, A., et al., Participatory diagnosis of a chronic wasting disease in cattle in southern Sudan. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2001. 51(3-4): p. 161-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(01)00240-9

Baigo, A.F., Healthy Livestock- Healthy People - Sustainable Development Republic of South Sudan.National Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries, 2013: p. 20.

Knox, C., The Secession of South Sudan: A Case Study in African Sovereignty and International Recognition. 2012.

The National Bureau of Statistics, T.R.o.S.S., Southern Sudan Centre for Census, Statistics and Evaluation. Global Environmental Change, 2011(Dataset Records for Southern Sudan Centre for Census, Statistics and Evaluation).

(www.Worldometers.info, W., South Sudan Population. Worldometers

(www.Worldometers.info), 2016.

Chokerah, J. and S. Horvath, Investing in Agriculture for Food Security and Economic Transformation. 2012, UNDP South Sudan, Juba. Available at: http://www. ss. undp. org/content/dam/southsudan/library/Reports/southsudanotherdocuments/Investing% 20in% 20Agriculture% 20for% 20Food% 20Security.

Sikainga, M.e.D.S.J.L.S.R.O.C.A.A., South Sudan. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc, 2016: p. 2.

Omer, A.M., Water resources and freshwater ecosystems in Sudan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2008. 12(8): p. 2066-2091. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.01.005

Omer, A.M., Biomass energy potential and future prospect in Sudan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2005. 9(1): p. 1-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2003.12.011

(ICPALD), I.C.f.P.A.L.D., The Contribution of Livestock to the South Sudan Economy. INTERAFRICAN BUREAU FOR ANIMAL RESOURCES, 2016: p. 12.

Idris, B., Livestock Marketing in Eastern and Central Sudan. 2007, MDTF-National Sector Policy Note, Sudan Multi Donor Trust Funds, Technical Secretariat, World Bank, Khartoum.

Diana Onyango, G.O., Robert Too and Rachael Masake, The Contribution of Livestock to the South Sudan Economy. African Union InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources. IGAD Center for Pastoral Areas and Livestock Development ( ICPALD), 2015: p. 34.

Tijjani, K.I., Dairy Cattle and Dairy Industry in Uganda: Trends and Challenges. Research Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 2015. Vol. 3((10), 14-18): p. 18.

Green, A., Cows and conflict: South Sudan's ''slow motıon'' lıvestock crisis The inside story on emergencies (IRIN), 2015(Food analysis).

Doki, C., South Sudan, Where Livestock Outnumbers People and the Environment Suffers. (IPS) Inter Press Service News Agency, 2014.

Ibrahim, A.M., X. Shiwei, and Y. Wen, The Impact of Social Factors of Rural Households on Livestock Production and Rural Household Income in White Nile State of Sudan. International Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 2013. 2(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24102/ijafr.v2i4.343

Abate, A. Livestock production challenges in the rangelands ecosystem of South Sudan. in Workshop on Environmental Management Plan for Post-conflict Sudan, Raha Hotel, Juba, South Sudan, nd October. 2006.

FAO, South Sudan Livestock Crisis. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO), 2015: p. 5.

Alabi, T., To Improved Cattle, Sheep, Goat and Poultry Husbandry Practices for Smallholder Farmers in South Sudan. Miistry of Livestock and Fisheries, South Sudan 2016: p. 51.

Gout, W.J.F., The Measurement of Nilotic Cattle in South Sudan. 2015, Sudan University of Science and Technology.

Atta, M., et al., Reproductive performance of Sudan Nilotic does fed pelleted molasses and mash sorghum based diets. Small ruminant research, 2012. 104(1): p. 99-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.10.010

UN, F., South Sudan - Economy. GlobalSecurity.org 2013.

Richardson, T., Pastoral violence in Jonglei. American University, December, 2011.

Smith, J., et al., Beyond milk, meat, and eggs: Role of livestock in food and nutrition security. Animal Frontiers, 2013. 3(1): p. 6-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/af.2013-0002

Cecchi, G., et al., Geographic distribution and environmental characterization of livestock production systems in Eastern Africa. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 2010. 135(1-2): p. 98-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.011

Thornton, P.K., Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2010. 365(1554): p. 2853-2867.

Ahmed, A.G.M., The social uses of livestock among pastoralists in Sudan: Food systems, stores of value, wealth, power, and authority. CMI Sudan Working Paper, 2014.

(FAO), F.a.A.O.o.U.N., South Sudan. Livestock strategy Paper Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO), 2015: p. 7.

King, A. and E. Mukasa-Mugerwa, Livestock Marketing in Southern Sudan: With Particular Reference to the Cattle Trade between Southern Sudan and Uganda. OAU and the Pan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE), 2002.

Yacob Aklilu Gebreyes , G.B.L., Luka Biong Deng,Shaif Abdullahi, The Impact of Conflict on the Livestock Sector in South Sudan Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO), 2016: p. 16-118.

Gorsevski, V., M. Geores, and E. Kasischke, Human dimensions of land use and land cover change related to civil unrest in the Imatong Mountains of South Sudan. Applied geography, 2013. 38: p. 64-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.11.019

Perry, B. and K. Sones, Global livestock disease dynamics over the last quarter century: drivers, impacts and implications. Rome, Italy: FAO.(Background paper for the SOFA 2009), 2009.

Malak, A., et al., Prevalence of livestock diseases and their impact on livelihoods in Central Equatoria State, southern Sudan. Preventive veterinary medicine, 2012. 104(3-4): p. 216-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.12.001

Ayana, E.K., et al., Examining the relationship between environmental factors and conflict in pastoralist areas of East Africa. Science of The Total Environment, 2016. 557: p. 601-611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.102

Byaruhanga, C., et al., Using participatory epidemiology to investigate management options and relative importance of tick-borne diseases amongst transhumant zebu cattle in Karamoja region, Uganda. Preventive veterinary medicine, 2015. 122(3): p. 287-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.10.011

Sulieman, H. and N. Elagib, Implications of climate, land-use and land-cover changes for pastoralism in eastern Sudan. Journal of Arid Environments, 2012. 85: p. 132-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.05.001

Comte, J.-C., et al., Challenges in groundwater resource management in coastal aquifers of East Africa: Investigations and lessons learnt in the Comoros Islands, Kenya and Tanzania. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 2016. 5: p. 179-199.

Sosnowski, A., et al., Remote regions, remote data: A spatial investigation of precipitation, dynamic land covers, and conflict in the Sudd wetland of South Sudan. Applied Geography, 2016. 69: p. 51-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.02.007

Selby, J. and C. Hoffmann, Beyond scarcity: rethinking water, climate change and conflict in the Sudans. Global Environmental Change, 2014. 29: p. 360-370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.01.008

Weindl, I., et al., Livestock and human use of land: Productivity trends and dietary choices as drivers of future land and carbon dynamics. Global and Planetary Change, 2017. 159: p. 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.10.002

Bo, T.-L., L.-T. Fu, and X.-J. Zheng, Modeling the impact of overgrazing on evolution process of grassland desertification. Aeolian Research, 2013. 9: p. 183-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.01.001

Ibáñez, J., J. Martínez, and S. Schnabel, Desertification due to overgrazing in a dynamic commercial livestock–grass–soil system. Ecological Modelling, 2007. 205(3-4): p. 277-288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.02.024

Lupai, J.K., South Sudan potentially the region’s breadbasket. SudanTribune 2011.

Downloads

Published

2018-02-28

How to Cite

.A.J., T., Tijjani, K. I., & Çakır, A. (2018). CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK SECTOR IN SOUTH SUDAN: REVIEW PAPER. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 6(2), 214–223. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i2.2018.1564