SULTANATE INDIAN EDUCATION
सल्तनतकालीन भारतीय शिक्षा
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i12.2017.509Keywords:
सल्तनत, शिक्षा, मदरसे, पाठ्यक्रमAbstract [English]
In the Sultanate period (1206–1526 AD), the prevalence of religious parochialism and state-controlled Islamic education began. The Muslims destroyed the ancient Indian centers of learning and established madrasas in their place, where subjects like tafsir, hadith, kalam, fiqh etc. were taught. Bismillah was often at home. Elementary education was given in Maktabs. The upper class families used to appoint teachers for their sons at home. The teaching system was administered by Sadr-us-Far and Ulema. The state used to provide waqf and stipend. Islamic education flourished under all the sultans. Provincial rulers also made good educational arrangements. Schools for Hindu education were toll and individual teachers. Due to social malpractices, there was no provision of separate education for women and women education for the common people. Upper-class families used to appoint teachers in their homes.
सल्तनतकाल (1206-1526 ई.) में मजहबी संकीर्णता से ग्रस्त एवं राज्य नियंत्रित इस्लामी शिक्षा का प्रचलन आरंभ हुआ। मुसलमानों ने प्राचीन भारतीय विद्या-केन्द्रों को नष्ट कर उनके स्थान पर मदरसों की स्थापना की, जहां तफसीर, हदीस, कलाम, फिक्ह आदि विषय पढाये जाते थे। बिस्मिल्लाह प्रायः घर पर ही होता था। मकतबों में प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा दी जाती थी। उच्चवर्गीय परिवार अपने पुत्रों के लिए घर पर ही शिक्षक नियुक्त कर देते थे। शिक्षण-प्रणाली सद्र-उस-सुदूर तथा उलेमाओं द्वारा संचालित की जाती थी। राज्य वक्फ एंव वजीफे प्रदान करता था। सभी सुल्तानों के अधीन इस्लामी शिक्षा अत्यंत फली-फूली। प्रांतीय शासको ने भी अच्छी शिक्षण व्यवस्था की। हिन्दू शिक्षा के लिए पाठशालाएं, टोल एंव व्यक्तिगत शिक्षक होते थे। सामाजिक कुरीतियों के कारण स्त्रियों के लिए पृथक पाठशालाओं एंव जन साधारण के लिए स्त्री-शिक्षा का प्रबंध न था। उच्चवर्गीय परिवार अपने घरों में ही शिक्षक नियुक्त कर देते थे।
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वही
गुप्त, शिवकुमार, मध्यकालीन भारतीय समाज एवं संस्कृति, पृ. 65-66।
हुसैन, युसुफ, वही।
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“Neither did there in any age, appear such a course of learned men from all parts. Fourty Five doctors, skilled in the sciences, were professors in the universities.”
हुसैन, युसूफ, वही, पृ 74।
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“Among the gifts which God bestowed upon me, his humble servant was a desire to erect public buildings, so I built many mosques, colleges and monasteries, that the learned and the elders, the devout and the holy might worship god in there edifices, and aid the kind builder with their prayers.” Fatuhat-i-Firoz-Shahi, P. 382.
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“The Hindus who had hither to never learned person, commenced during his reign to study Muhammadan literature.”
रेवर्टी, तबकाते नासिरी, एशियाटिक सोसायटी ऑफ बंगाल, कलकता, 1897, पृ. 552।
जाफर, एस. एम., एजुकेशन इन मुस्लिम इण्डिया, खुदाबंद स्ट्रीट, पेशावर सिटी, 1936, पृ. 4।
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