CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND SUCCESSION IN FAMILY-OWNED SMALL BUSINESSES

Authors

  • Crystal H. M. Brown St. Mary’s University of Minnesota, School of Education

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i3.2022.4520

Keywords:

Family-Owned Small Businesses, Family-Owned Businesses, Conflict Management, Succession

Abstract [English]

Family-owned small businesses generate approximately 44% of all U.S. economic activity making them essential to the nation’s economic health.  Unfortunately, they often struggle with a variety of challenges, including succession.  While the development of models and theoretical understandings of how succession may occur in family-owned small businesses is helpful for extending the related body of literature, practical research is needed to better understand the ways succession is handled among the key stakeholders, including the incumbent, the successor, and the family.  The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore conflict management and succession strategies employed by leaders and employees of family-owned small businesses.  Data were collected via interviews with nine people from three family-owned small businesses located in the upper Midwestern United States.  A total of five main themes emerged, including Employees’ perceptions and their communication styles determine succession strategies, the nature of succession depends on communication, fostered succession through keeping customers happy and succession planning, succession challenges that leaders and employees encounter, and success was demonstrated by internal and external motivators.  Eight subthemes emerged, including keep customers happy, agreeable communication, succession planning, knowledge sharing, conflict, motives, do what needs to be done, and commitment to organization.  Findings from this study shed light on ways conflict management and succession strategies employed in family-owned small businesses may be improved to help these businesses overcome common challenges and ensure survival from one generation to the next.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Alderfer, C.P. (1980). The methodology of organizational diagnosis. Professional Psychology, 11, 459-468. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.11.3.459 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.11.3.459

Alderfer, C.P., & Smith, K.K. (1982). Studying intergroup relations embedded in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 27, 35-65. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/2392545 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2392545

Alderson, K. (2015). Conflict management and resolution in family-owned businesses. Journal of Family Business Management, 5(2), 140–156. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-08-2015-0030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-08-2015-0030

Alwis, A. C. D. (2016). Stakeholders influence on successful business succession. International Journal of Business Administration, 7(4). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v7n4p79 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v7n4p79

Astrachan, J. H., & McMillan, K. S. (2003). Conflict and communication in the family business. Marietta, GA : Family Enterprise Publishers.

Bailey, J. B., & Thomas, D. W. (2017). Regulating away competition : The effect of regulation on entrepreneurship and employment. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 52(3), 237–254. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11149-017-9343-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11149-017-9343-9

Barach, J. A., & Ganitsky, J. B. (1995). Successful succession in family business.Family Business Review, 8, 131-155. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1995.00131.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1995.00131.x

Barber, J., Metcalfe, J. S., & Porteous, M. (2016). Barriers to growth in small firms. New York, NY : Routledge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315563510 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315563510

Barkhatov, V., Pletnev, D., & Campa, A. (2016). Key success factors and barriers for small businesses : Comparative analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 221, 29– 38. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.087 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.087

Bizri, R. (2015). Succession in the family business : Drivers and pathways. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(1), 133–154. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2015-0020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2015-0020

Botero, I.A., Thomas, J., Graves, C. and Fediuk, T.A. (2013), Understanding multiple familyfirm identities: an exploration of the communicated identity in official websites. Journal of Family Business Strategy 4 (1), pp 12-21. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2012.11.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2012.11.004

Bozer, G., Levin, L., & Santora, J. C. (2017). Succession in family business : Multi-source perspectives. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(4), 753–774. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-10-2016-0163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-10-2016-0163

Bradford, K., Carter, N., Eriksson, D., Grabau, E., Hood, E., Parrot, W., & Wolt, J. D. (2018). Regulatory barriers to the development of innovative agricultural biotechnology by small businesses and universities. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, 59, 20.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Breton-Miller, I. L., Miller, D., & Steier, L. P. (2004). Toward an integrative model of effective FOB succession. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 305–328. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00047.x

Cabrera-Suarez, K. (2005). Leadership transfer and the successor’s development in the family firm. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 71-96. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.010

Cabrera-Suarez, K., De-Saa-Perez, P., & Garcia-Almeida, D. (2001). The succession process from a resource and knowledge-based view of the family. Family Business Review, 14, 37-48. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2001.00037.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2001.00037.x

Caputo, A., Marzi, G., Pellegrini, M. M., & Rialti, R. (2018). Conflict management in family businesses. International Journal of Conflict Management, 29(4), 519–542. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-02-2018-0027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-02-2018-0027

Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. (2003). Succession and non-succession concerns of family firms and agency relationship with nonfamily managers. Family Business Review, 16(2), 89–107. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2003.00089.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2003.00089.x

Collins, J. D., Worthington, W. J., & Schoen, J. E. (2016). Family business CEO succession : Examining personal retirement expectations. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 26(2), 51-70.

Corbetta, G. & Salvato, C. (2012), Strategies for longevity in family firms: A European perspective. New York, NY : Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137024589 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137024589

Danes, S.M., Zuiker, V.S. Kean, R., & Arbutnot, J. (1999). Predictors of family business tensions and goal achievement. Family Business Review, 12, 241-252. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00241.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00241.x

De Dreu, C. K. W., van Dierendonck, D., & Dijkstra, M. T. M. (2004). Conflict at work and individual well-being. International Journal of Conflict Management, 15(1), 6–26. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022905

De Massis, A., Sharma, P., Chua, J. H., & Chrisman, J. J. (2010). Factors preventing intra-family succession, Family Business Review, 21, 311-323.

De Massis, A., Sieger, P., Chua, J. H., & Vismara, S. (2016). Incumbents’ attitude toward intrafamily succession. Family Business Review, 29(3), 278–300. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486516656276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486516656276

Devins, D., & Jones, B. (2016). Strategy for succession in family owned small businesses as a wicked problem to be tamed. Budapest Management Review, 47(11), 4–15. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2016.11.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2016.11.02

Dewi, A. C. E., & Dhewanto, W. (2012). Key success factors of Islamic family business. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 57, 53–60. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1157 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1157

Distelberg, B., & Blow, A. (2010). The role of values and unity in family businesses. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31(4), 427–441. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-010-9221-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-010-9221-4

Dougert, B. (2018). Family-owned businesses create 78% of new U.S. jobs and employ 60% of the workforce. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/family-owned-businesses-create-78-of-new-us-jobs-and-employ-60-of-the-workforce-300613665.html

Dyck, B., Mauws, M., Starke, F.A., & Mischke, G.A. (2002). Passing the baton: The importance of sequence, technique, and communication in executive succession. Journal of Business Venturing, 17, 143-162. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00056-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00056-2

Efendy, K. (2013). The nature of intra-familial conflict in large-scale privately-held family businesses in Indonesia. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60936/

Fang, H., Randolph, R. V. D. G., Memili, E., & Chrisman, J. J. (2015). Does size matter? The moderating effects of firm size on the employment of nonfamily managers in privately held family SMEs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 40(5), 1017–1039. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12156 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12156

Feltman, T.S., Feltman, G., and Barnett, J.J. (2005). The dependence of family businesses on a single decision-maker. Journal of Small Business Management, 43(1) : 1-15. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2004.00122.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2004.00122.x

Ghee, W. Y., Ibrahim, M. D., & Abdul-Halim, H. (2015). Family business succession planning : Unleashing the key factors of business performance. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 20(2), 103-126.

Gill, A., & Biger, N. (2012). Barriers to small business growth in Canada. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(4), 656–668. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001211277451 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001211277451

Handler, W. C. (1994). Succession in family business : A review of the research. Family Business Review, 7, 133-157. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1994.00133.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1994.00133.x

Hatak, I. R., & Roessi, D. (2013). Relational competence-based knowledge transfer within intra-family succession : An experimental study. Family Business Review, Advance online publication. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486513480386 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486513480386

Helin, J., & Jabri, M. (2015). Family business succession in dialogue : The case of differing backgrounds and views. International Small Business Journal : Researching Entrepreneurship, 34(4), 487–505. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614567482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614567482

Hom, P. W., Lee, T. W., Shaw, J. D., & Hausknecht, J. P. (2017). One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 530–545. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000103

Janjuha-Jivraj, S., & Woods, A. (2002). The art of good conversations : A strategy to negotiate succession within South Asian family firms. Strategic Change, 11(8), 425–434. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.615

Kets de Vries, M.F.R. (1993). The dynamics of family controlled firms: The good and the bad news. Organizational Dynamics, 21, 59-71. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(93)90071-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(93)90071-8

Kim, S., You, Y., Choi, C., & Cho, M. (2018). A study on effects of characteristics of successor on support from employees on family business succession and perceived continuous profitability. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 120(6), 5123-5138.

Kotlar, J., & De Massis, A. (2013). Goal setting in family firms: Goal diversity, social interactions, and collective commitment to family-centered goals. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1263–1288. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12065

Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions : Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315–330. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/08985629300000020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985629300000020

Lam, W. (2011). Dancing to two tunes : Multi-entity roles in the family business succession process. International Small Business Journal : Researching Entrepreneurship, 29(5), 508–533. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610376357 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610376357

Lansberg, I. (1992). The family side of family business : A conversation with Salvador Minuchin. Family Business Review, 5, 309-321. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1992.00309.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1992.00309.x

Le-Breton-Miller, I., Miller, D. & Steier, L. P. (2004). Toward an integrative model of effective FOB succession. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 28, 305-328. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00047.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00047.x

Levinson, H. (1971). Conflicts that plague family businesses. Harvard Business Review.

Litz, R.A. (2008). Two sides of a one-sided phenomenon : Conceptualizing the family business and business family as à Moebius strip. Family Business Review, 21, 217-236. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2008.00124.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865080210030104

Liu, C., Eubanks, D. L., & Chater, N. (2015). The weakness of strong ties : Sampling bias, social ties, and nepotism in family business succession. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(3), 419–435. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.02.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.02.007

Longenecker, J. G. and Schoen, J. E. (1975). The essence of entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management. 13(3) : 26-32

Longenecker, J. G., & Schoen, J. E. (1978), Management succession in the family business. Journal of Small Business Management, 16(3), 1-6. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/104225877800300201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104225877800300201

Lussier, R. N., & Halabi, C. E. (2010). A three-country comparison of the business success versus failure prediction model. Journal of Small Business Management, 48(3), 360–377. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00298.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00298.x

Malhotra, H. B. (2010). Family business and the global Economy. The Epoch Times.

Mandl, I. (2008). Overview of family business relevant issues, Final Report. Austrian Institute for SME Research, Vienna, 31

McGoldrick, M., & Hardy, K.V. (2008). Re-visioning family therapy: Race, culture, and gender in clinical practice. New York : Guilford.

Michael-Tsabari, N., & Weiss, D. (2013). Communication Traps. Family Business Review, 28(1), 26–40. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486513497506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486513497506

Miller, D & Steier, L & Le Breton-Miller, I. (2003). Lost in Time : Intergenerational Succession, change, and failure in family business. Journal of Business Venturing. 18. 513-531. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00058-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00058-2

Miller, D., & Le Breton-Miller, I. (2005). Managing for the long run : Lessons in Competitive advantage from great family businesses. Boston : Harvard Business School Press.

Mitchell, J.R., Hart, T.A., Valcea, S., & Townsend, D.M. (2009). Becoming the boss : Discretion and postsuccesson success in family firms. Entrepreneuership Theory and Practice, 33(6), 1201-1218. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00341.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00341.x

Olson, P.D., Zuiker, V.S., Danes, S.M. Stafford, K., Heck, R. K. Z. & Duncan, K. A. (2003). Impact of family and business on family business on family business sustainability. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 639-666. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00014-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00014-4

Pieper, T.M., & Astrachan, J.H. ; & Manners, George E. (2013). Conflict in Family Business : Common Metaphors and Suggestions for Intervention. Kennesaw, GA : Cox Family Enterprise Center, Volume 62(3). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12011

Pondy, L.R. (1967). Organizational Conflct : Concepts and Models. Administrative Science Quarterly, 13, 296-320. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/2391553 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2391553

Putney, T., and Sinkin, J. (2009). Replacing retiring partners. CPA Journal, 79(10) : 62-64

Riggio, R. E., & Riggio, H. R. (2013). Nepotism and leadership. In R. Jones (Ed.), Nepotism in organizations (pp. 171–195). London, England: Routledge.

Santiago, A. L. (2000). Succession experiences in Philippine family businesses. Family Business Review, 13(1), 15–35. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2000.00015.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2000.00015.x

Schein, E.H., (1983). The role of the founder in creating organizational culture. Organizational Dynamics, 12, 13-28. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(83)90023-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(83)90023-2

Schröder, E., Schmitt-Rodermund, E., & Arnaud, N. (2011). Career choice intentions of adolescents with a family business background. Family Business Review, 24(4), 305–321. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511416977 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511416977

Sharma, P., & Irving, P. G. (2005). Four bases of family business successor commitment : Antecedents and consequences. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(1), 13–33. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00067.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00067.x

Sharma, P., Chrisman, J. J., & Chua, J.H. (2003a). Predictors of satisfaction with the succession process in family firms, Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 667-687. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00015-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00015-6

Sharma, P., Chrisman, J. J., & Chua, J.H. (2003b). Succession planning as a planned behavior: Some empirical results. Family Business Review, 16, 1-15. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2003.00001.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2003.00001.x

Sharma, P., Chrisman, J.J., Pablo, A.L. and Chua, J.H. (2001), Determinants of initial satisfaction with the succession process in family firms: à conceptual model, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 25(3), 17-35. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870102500302 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870102500302

Sherif, M. (1958). Superordinate goals in the reduction of intergroup conflict. American Journal of Sociology, 63, 349-356. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1086/222258 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/222258

Sullivan, C.C., (2002). Finding the thou in the 1 : Countertransference and parallel process analysis in organizational research and consultation. Journal of applied Behavioral Science, 38, 375-392. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886302038003007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886302038003007

Tagiuri, R., & Davis, J. (1996). Bivalent attributes of the family firm. Family Business Review, 9, 199-208. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1996.00199.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1996.00199.x

Taneja, S., Pryor, M. G., & Hayek, M. (2016). Leaping innovation barriers to small business longevity. Journal of Business Strategy, 37(3), 44–51. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-12-2014-0145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-12-2014-0145

Trippe, B., & Baumoel, D. (2015). Beyond the Thomas-Kilmann Model : Into extreme conflict. Negotiation Journal, 31(2), 89–103. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/nejo.12084 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nejo.12084

Turner, S., & Endres, A. (2017). Strategies for enhancing small-business owners’ success rates. International Journal of Applied Management and Technology, 16(1), 34-49. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5590/IJAMT.2017.16.1.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5590/IJAMT.2017.16.1.03

U.S. Census. (2020). Population growth by region. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/popclock/data_tables.php?component=growth

U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). (2012). Growing your business. Retrieved from http://www.sba.gov/content/ideas-growing-your-business

U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). (2016). Frequently asked questions. Retrieved from https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/advocacy/SB-FAQ-2016_WEB.pdf

U.S. Small Business Administration. (2018). 2018 small business profile. Retrieved from https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/advocacy/2018-Small-Business-Profiles-US.pdf

U.S. Small Business Administration. (2019). Small business generate 44 percent of U.S. economic activity. Retrieved from https://advocacy.sba.gov

Venter, E., Boshoff, C., & Mass G. (2005). Succession in family businesses in South Africa: a comparative study of owner-managers and successors, Dascher. Retrieved from http://sbaer.ua. edu/research/icsb/2004/paper7.pdf

Wall, J. A., & Callister, R.R. (1995). Conflict and Its Management. Journal of Management 515- 558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639502100306

Ward, J.L. (1987). Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for contributinggrowth: profitability, and family leadership. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass, A, E, p. 255.

Wasim, J., Cunninggham, J., Maxwell-Cole, A., & Taylor, J. R. (2018). Nonfamily knowledge during family business succession : a cultural understanding. International journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 24(4). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2017-0167 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2017-0167

Whiteside, M.F., & Herz-Brown, F. (1991). Drawbacks of a dual systems approach to family firms : Can we expand our thinking? Family Business Review, 4, 383-395. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1991.00383.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1991.00383.x

Xi, J., Kraus, S., Filser, M., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2013). Mapping the field of family business research : past trends and future direction. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(1), 113–132. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0286-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0286-z

Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research : Design and methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage

Downloads

Published

2022-03-31

How to Cite

Brown, C. H. M. (2022). CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND SUCCESSION IN FAMILY-OWNED SMALL BUSINESSES. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 10(3), 17–41. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i3.2022.4520