HAY-PLASTIC COMPOSITES – EFFECT OF HAY PARTICLE SIZE ON THE WATER ABSORPTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i12.2021.4445Keywords:
Hay Sawdust, HPC, Hay-Plastic Composites, Particle Size, Water Absorption, RecyclingAbstract [English]
The main aim of this paper is to present the research findings which come out from the experimental determination of the influence of input raw material properties and composition on the water absorption of hay-plastic composites (HPC). During the HPCs production, important raw material parameters such as hay sawdust particle size, hay/plastic concentration ratio or type of plastic matrix can be recognized. In this research study, the aim was to produce HPCs of an acceptable and competitive level of quality which is determined from the final mechanical properties of HPCs. Particle size of hay sawdust used for production of HPC has significant influence on mechanical properties of composites and also on other important properties (water absorption, hardness, frost resistance, etc.). The paper deals with the determination of the impact and the relationship between the input hay sawdust particles sizes, hay/plastic concentration ratio and water absorption of composites. By side intention of authors is to determine the possibilities of waste raw materials usage. The experimental research findings were obtained using a semi-operational injection molding press where the injection is provided by a working screw. As the input raw material, meadow hay, HDPE plastic matrix and recycled HDPE, represented by lids from PET bottles, was used. The effect of the input hay sawdust particle size on water absorption was determined according to a combination and default levels of hay/HDPE concentration ratio, using recycled HDPE instead of virgin HDPE and particle size of hay sawdust.
Downloads
References
Bobba S, Carrara S, Huisman J, Matheiux F, Pacel C, et al. (2020) Critical Raw Materials for Strategic technologies and Sectors in the EU, A Foresight Study, Luxembourg, European Union.
Carrino L, Ciliberto S, Giorleo G, Prisco U. (2011) Effect of filler content and temperature on steady-state shear flow of wood/high density polyethylene composites, Polymer Composites. ; 5 : 796 - 809. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.21101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.21101
Chung D. (2010) Composite Materials : Science and Applications, 2. ed., Springer, London, UK.
El Messiry M, El Deeb R. (2016) Analysis of the wheat straw/flax fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composites, J. App. Mech. Eng, ; 5 : 1-5.
Godard F, Vincent M, Agassant JF, Vergnes B. (2009) Rheological behavior and mechanical properties of sawdust/polyethylene composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. ; 4 : 2559 - 2566. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29847 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29847
Križan P, Beniak J, Matúš M, Šooš Ľ, Kolláth Ľ. (2017) Research of plastic and wood raw wastes recovery, Advances Materials Letters. ; 8 : 983-986. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2017.1587 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2017.1587
Križan P, Beniak J, Šooš Ľ, Kolláth Ľ, Matúš M. (2016) Experimental research of mechanical properties and parameters of waste raw materials based wood-plastic composites, in : American Advanced Materials Congress: Proceedings and abstracts book. Miami, USA.
Križan P, Bábics J, Beniak J, Matúš M. (2020) Influence of raw material properties on parameters of injection press during the injection of composites based biomass and plastic waste, In Novel Trends in Production Devices and Systems VI. (NTPDS VI.), 1st Ed. Zürich, Trans Tech Publications. ; 152-161. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.994.152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.994.152
Kuo P, Wang S, Chen J, Hsueh H, Tsai M. (2009) Effects of materials compositions on the mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites manufactured by injection molding, J. Mat. D. ; 30 : 3489-3496. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.03.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.03.012
Migneault S, Koubaa A, Erchiqui F, Chaala A, Englund K, Wolcott MP. (2009) Effects of processing method and fiber size on the structure and properties of wood-plastic composites, J. Comp. : Part A. ; 40 : 80-85. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.10.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.10.004
Olabarria M, Vella K, Reines R, Gontarz A, et al. (2019) The European Machine Tool Sector and the Circular Economy, CECIMO Circular.
Smith PM, Wolcott MP. (2006) Opportunities for wood/natural fiber-plastic composites in residential and industrial applications, Forest Products Journal. ; 3 : 21 - 27.
Soury E, Behravesh AH, Rouhani Esfahani E, Zolfaghari A. (2009) Design, optimization and manufacturing of wood-plastic composite pallet, Material & Design. ; 10 : 4183 - 4191. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.04.035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.04.035
Standard EN ISO 17827-2, (2016) Solid biofuels. Determination of particle size distribution. Part 2 : Vibrating screen method using sieve apertures of 3,15 mm and below. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
Standard EN ISO 18134-2, (2016) Solid biofuels. Determination of moisture content. Oven dry method. Part 2 : Total moisture. Simplified method, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
Standard STN EN ISO 527-3, (1997) Plastics. Determination of Tensile Properties. Part 3 : Test Conditions for Films and Sheets, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Sviatskii V, Mudriková A, Holubek R., Horník J, Sokolov M. (2019) The design of melting units for production of synthetic fibrous materials by vertical blowing method from PET raw materials, Material Science Forum. ; 952 : 216-222. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.952.216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.952.216
Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Kessler MR. (2017) Handbook of composites from renewable materials, design and manufacturing, Scrivener publishers, Wiley, USA. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119441632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119441632
Yam KL, Gogoi BK, Lai ChC, Selke SE. (1990) Composites from compounding wood fibers with recycled high density polyethylene, Polymer Engineering and Science. ; 11 : 693 - 699. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301109
Yam KL, Gogoi BK, Lai ChC, Selke SE. (1990) Composites from compounding wood fibers with recycled high density polyethylene, Polymer Engineering and Science. ; 11 : 693 - 699. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301109
Yang HS, Wolcott MP, Kim HS, Kim S, Kim HJ. (2007) Effect of different compatibilizing agents on the mechanical properties of lignocellulosic material filled polyethylene bio-composites, Composite Structures. ; 3 : 369 - 375. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.02.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.02.016
Zhang Y, Zhang SY, Choi P. (2008) Effects of wood fiber content and coupling agent content on tensile properties of wood fiber polyethylene composites, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff. ; 4 : 267 - 274. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-008-0246-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-008-0246-4
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Peter Križan, Miloš Matúš, Juraj Beniak
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.