THE PREVALENCE OF PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY (SEVERE DEPRESSION & ANXIETY) AMONG ADOLESCENT SCHOOL GIRLS KHARTOUM-SUDAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i1.2020.263Keywords:
GHQ-28, Cut Off Point 24, Psychosomatic Health, Sub -Scales of GHQAbstract [English]
Background - Psychosomatic health of adolescent girls at crossroads of childhood and mature adulthood, may lead to various health problems in future. To measure the prevalence and identify factors associated with psychiatric morbidity & psychosomatic symptoms among adolescent secondary school girls in Khartoum.
Methods - This ‘Study’ was conducted, in three secondary schools of Khartoum North. The Simple Random Sampling Technique was applied to select three schools from the spot map of Khartoum North for this study, and 491 girl students in the adolescent age group were selected from the completed updated list of students from the enrollment registers in these schools.
Results - according to the cut-off point (≥ 24 in the G.H.Q -28) findings showed that the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (severe depression and anxiety) was 60.89% among the adolescent secondary school girls while the psychosomatic disorder was 34.62%. The psychosomatic disorder was found to be significant (P<0.05) with the following three factors: a) late (18-19 yrs.) adolescent age, (61.30%), chi- square= 18.611, df=1, O.R=0.435617 ,CI95%=(0.276629, 0.685981) ; b) physicals abuse (39%) chi- square= 22.34, df =1, O.R=0.281,CI95%=(0.172871, 0.458281) and c) verbal abuse (72%) chi- square= 21.86, df=1, O.R=0.433,CI95%=(0.27331, 0.688). A borderline significant was seen with the family moderate (40%) and low income (40%), chi- square= 5.09, df=2, O.R=(0.839, 0.799),CI95%=((0.508247, 0.503899),( 1.755645 , 1.426668)). However, no significance was there in relation to marital status (married 83.5%), chi- square= 2.324,df=1, O.R=1.06,CI95%=(0.586947,2.197218),mothereducation(elementary61.76%)chisquare=1.692,df=2,O.R=(1,0.951),CI95%=((0.385528,0.554214),(2.674766, 1.626457)) and further education (high level 73 %) chi- square= 3.17, df=2, O.R=(1.282, 1.024),CI95%=((0.354603, 0.55087,)( 4.49567, 1.903074)).
Conclusion - Despite the fact that there is no significant (P>0.05) relation between the fathers' level of education and the occurrence of psychosomatic however, the odds ratio of disease is 28% higher among the girls whose fathers were illiterate in comparison to the girls whose fathers were of high level of education. among adolescent school girls.
Downloads
References
Steinberg H )2004(. The Sin in The Aetiological Concept of Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773–1843). Part 2: Self-Guilt as Turning Away from Reason In The Framework Of Heinroth’S Concept Of The Interrelationships Between Body And Soul. History of Psychiatry.;15(4):437-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X04043742
V. Lipowski1976.: Dist. Court, D. New Jersey;. 423 F. Supp. 864.United States
3]Robinson Dp, Greene Jw, Walker Ls. Functional Somatic Complaints In Adolescents: Relationship To Negative Life Events, Self-Concept, And Family Characteristics. The Journal Of Pediatrics. 1988;113(3):588-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80660-7
Brownr.1992, Psychosomatic Problems In Adolescents. Adolescent Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa).;3(1):87.
Berntsson Lt, Gustafsson J-E. Determinants Of Psychosomatic Complaints In Swedish Schoolchildren Aged Seven To Twelve Years. Scandinavian Journal Of Public Health. 2000;28(4):283-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948000280041201
Bolin Låftman S, Östberg V. The Pros and Cons Of Social Relations: An Analysis Of Adolescents’ Health Complaints. Social Science & Medicine. 2006;63(3):611-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.02.005
Kelly C, Molcho M, Doyle P, Gabhainn Sn. Psychosomatic Symptoms Among Schoolchildren. International Journal Of Adolescent Medicine And Health. 2010;22(2):229-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/IJAMH.2010.22.2.229
Raban Mz, Dandona R, Dandona L. Essential Health Information Available for India In The Public Domain On The Internet. Bmc Public Health. 2009;9(1):208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-208
Singh S. Singh M, Arora M (2007). Somatotype And Disease–A Review.
Cavallo F, Zambon A, Borraccino A, Raven-Sieberer U, Torsheim T, Lemma P. Girls Growing Through Adolescence Have A Higher Risk Of Poor Health. Quality Of Life Research. 2006;15(10):1577-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-006-0037-5
Alfano Ca, Ginsburg Gs, Kingery Jn. Sleep-Related Problems Among Children And Adolescents With Anxiety Disorders. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007;46(2):224-32 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000242233.06011.8e
Ray S, Ghosh T, Mondal Pc, Basak S, Alauddin M, Choudhury Sm, Et Al. Knowledge And Information On Psychological, Physiological And Gynaecological Problems Among Adolescent Schoolgirls Of Eastern India. Ethiopian Journal Of Health Sciences. 2011;21(3).
Modin B, Östberg V. School Climate And Psychosomatic Health: A Multilevel Analysis. School Effectiveness And School Improvement. 2009;20(4):433-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09243450903251507
Lindström A. (2011). The Ownership Of Traditional Knowledge.;29(3)
Windle M, Grunbaum Ja, Elliott M, Tortolero Sr, Berry S, Gilliland J, Et Al. Healthy Passages: A Multilevel, Multimethod Longitudinal Study Of Adolescent Health. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine. 2004;27(2):164-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.007
Voegelin E, Germino Dl. Plato And Aristotle)2000(: University Of Missouri Press;.
Hall Gs) 1996(. Adolescence: Its Psychology And Its Relations To Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion And Education: D. Appleton;.
Leventhal T, Brooks-Gunn J. The Neighborhoods They Live In: The Effects Of Neighborhood Residence On Child And Adolescent Outcomes. Psychological Bulletin. 2000;126(2):309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.309
Keating Dp)2004(. Cognitive And Brain Development. Handbook Of Adolescent Psychology.;2:45-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780471726746.ch3
Coleman Jc, Henry Lb)1999(. The Nature Of Adolescence. 3e: Psychology Press;.
Larson R, Wilson S).2004(. Adolescence Across Place And Time. Handbook Of Adolescent Psychology.:299-330.
Fröjd S).2008(. Mental Health In Middle Adolescence. Association Of Family Factors With Diverse Maladjustment Outcomes..
Ding L, Getz G, Wheeler Da, Mardis Er, Mclellan Md, Cibulskis K, Et Al. Somatic Mutations Affect Key Pathways In Lung Adenocarcinoma. Nature. 2008;455(7216):1069-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07423
Coleman Jc, Hendry Lb)1999(. The Nature Of Adolescence.
Field S, Hoffman A, Posch M. Self-Determination During Adolescence A Developmental Perspective. Remedial And Special Education. 1997;18(5):285-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259701800504
Mandell Ds, Walrath Cm, Goldston Db. Variation In Functioning, Psychosocial Characteristics, And Six‐Month Outcomes Among Suicidal Youth In Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services. Suicide And Life-Threatening Behavior. 2006;36(3):349-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2006.36.3.349
Romano E, Tremblay Re, Vitaro F, Zoccolillo M, Pagani L)2001(. Prevalence Of Psychiatric Diagnoses And The Role Of Perceived Impairment: Findings From An Adolescent Community Sample. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00739
Pignone Mp, Gaynes Bn, Rushton Jl, Burchell Cm, Orleans Ct, Mulrow Cd, Et Al. Screening For Depression In Adults: A Summary Of The Evidence For The Us Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2002;136(10):765-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-10-200205210-00013
Susman Ej, Rogol.A)2004(. Puberty And Psychological Development. Handbook Of Adolescent Psychology; 2:15-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780471726746.ch2
Rauste-Von Wright M, Von Wright J. A Longitudinal Study Of Psychosomatic Symptoms In Healthy 11–18 Year Old Girls And Boys. Journal Of Psychosomatic Research. 1981;25(6):525-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(81)90106-9
Aro H, Paronen O, Aro S. Psychosomatic Symptoms Among 14–16 Year Old Finnish Adolescents. Social Psychiatry. 1987;22(3):171-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00583852
Grøholt E-K, Stigum H, Nordhagen R, Köhler L. Recurrent Pain In Children, Socio-Economic Factors
And Accumulation In Families. European Journal Of Epidemiology. 2003;18(10):965-75 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025889912964
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
