TEMPORAL CHANGES IN CROP CONCENTRATION OF HARIDWAR DISTRICT

In the present paper cropping pattern in haridwar district is outlined, followed by the discussion on the area under individual crops. Jasbir singh’s method is used for concentration of selected crops. There has been a significant variation in the area patterns of the crop concentration in the study region. The indices of crop concentration area calculated from district statistical handbook 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, the crop concentration indices for all blocks of the district have been calculated for crops like paddy, wheat, oilseeds, maize, sugarcane, pulses. The spatial variations in the degree of crop concentration area are found to be the result of the different interaction such as physiographic, climatic, hydrological, socio-economic and technological factors in organizational of an area. 
 


INTRODUCTION
Crop concentration means the varitions in the density of crop in an area/region at a given point of time (Mazid Hussain, 1965). From a concentration of a specific element of agriculture visually make out that there is a concentration of a recognizable degree of a particular element in an area. Crop, livestock or agriculture enterprise concentration means that different crop, livestock or agriculture enterprises when viewed together super imposition revealed areas where in their regional concentrations do not overlap. For example the areas of rice concentration in eastern India and the areas of bajra concentrations in western Rajasthan do not even partly coincide. Here only a single crop either rice or bajra shows regional concentrations. (Singh, Jasbir and Dhillon, S.S. 1984) Changes in the pattern of concentration may throw light on the expansion and conctraction of its high-density areas and on the changing core of the crop. The concentration pattern of a crop in an area depends largely on the terrain, temperature, moisture, types of soil, pedagogical conditions and social factors. Each crop has a maximum, minimum and optimum temperature. It has a tendency to high concentration in the areas of ideal agro-climatic conditions become less conducive. The geographers pioneer work of Florence (1948), Chisholm (1962), Bhatia (1965), Jasbir singh (1976) these are the contributors to mark the agriculture region with help of the quotient method.
Florence (1948), Compared the share of a region with that of the entire nation with the help of a location quotient method. Chisholm (1962), Made an attempt to measure the relative regional concentration with the help of co-efficient of localization. Similary Bhatia (1956) used the quotient method to determine the regional concentration of crops. In the present work Jasbir singh's technique has been adopted to identify the regional concentration of crops.

STUDY AREA
Haridwar district is situated in south -western part of Uttarakhand state of India. It lies from 29 35' to 30 40' North latitude and 77 43' to 78 22' East longituted and falls in Survey of India Degree Sheet nos. 53 J, F, G and K. It is bounded in the north by Dehradun district, in the east by Garhwal district, in south by Muzaffar nagar and southwest by Bijnor districts of Uttar Pradesh and in west by Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The geographical area of the district is 2360 sq. kilometers. The shape of the district is rectangular. Topographically the district presents much more varieties of features than any other districts of the Gangetic plain of India.
In the north part of the district are steep hills of the Shivalik chain and below the hills is the submontane and the terai tract. The surface is broken by several rivers and their are many tributaries. The greater portion of the district is open and highly cultivated. On the basis of geology, soils, topography, climate and natural vegetations the district is divided into following five regions; 1) The Shivaliks 2) Bhabhar 3) Terai 4) Roorkee plain 5) Ganga khadar Haridwar district has been divided into three Tehsils viz. Roorkee, Bhagwanpur and Laksar and six development Blocks namely Roorkee, Bhagwanpur, Laksar, Khanpur, Bahadrabad, and Narsan and comprises 622villages.
Above physical diversities may effect the concentration of crops in Haridwar district. So an enthusiasm arises for the study of crop concentration of wheat, rice, maize, pulses, oilseeds and sugarcane in the district.

DATA AND METHODOLOGY
Concentration of crops does not only provide an idea of a regional dominance of particular crop but also play a role of guide to strengthen agricultural economy and land use planning. It goes without saying that the judicious use of land can most definitely help in raising the agricultural production of even those areas that are less fertile. Thus, such an assessment can be useful in reducing the visible inter-regional income disparities in the agricultural sector.
Here an attempt is made to understand crop concentration the district is divided into six blockes and tried to take major crops for the study. Crop concentration is studied with the help of crop concentration index of Jasbir Singh (1976  Crop concentration Index C = Pae/ Par Where, C -is the crop concentration index. Pae -is the percentage of crop 'a' to the total harvested area in the enumaration unit. Par -is the percentage of crop 'a' to the total harvested area in the entire region of state or a country. Such techniques are useful tools in the analysis of crop patterns of any part of the region. And also it reveals that higher the crop concentration index, higher is the level of interest in the production of that crop. The index value of a crop concentration has been categorized in three classes, viz. i) High, ii) Medium, iii) Low crop Concentration

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results and discussion related to the changes in the pattern of Crop Concentration in Haridwar district. Crop Concentration refers to the density or areal occupancy of a crop in a region. The occupancy (High, Medium and Low) is determined by the terrain and climate including temperature, humidity, transport facilities and demand of the crop. The present study are discussed under the following sub heads.
Blockwise   Fig. 2).   (Table 3 and Fig 3).   (Table 4 and Fig 4).   (Table 5 and Fig 5).  (Table 6 and Fig 6).  Bhagwanpur block has medium to high Crop Concentration with crop like Maize, Pulses and Oil seeds. Roorkee is majorly concentrated in Wheat and Narsan on Sugarcane. Particular Bahadrabad block has medium to high concentration with Maize, oilseeds and pulses while rice CCI is higher than wheat CCI. Laksar is mainly concentrated in Sugarcane and Oilseeds while, The Khanpur block is on Rice and Sugarcane. Particular Haridwar District, Wheat and Sugarcane is the most dominant crops, but no one blocks founded in high Crop Concentration.