CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF ANTI-TOXIC ACTION OF TAGARADI AGADA ON POISONOUS INSECTS BITE: A SHORT REVIEW

Rapid urbanization lead to frequents encounters with wild animals and insects which leads to health hazards. Poisoning due to insect bite may warrant immediate medical attention. Tagaradi Agada is one of such agada useful in poisonous insect bite which is mentioned in ashtang sangraha uttartantra vishapratishedha adhyaya. Shloka phalashruti has mentioned its specific anti-toxic effect in makshika visha. This review is for collective information of therapeutic and pharmacological study of this agada for makshika visha poisoning.


Introduction
Agada-Tantra is the branch of Ayurveda which deals with various kind of poisons broadly classified as Sthavara visha (poisons which have plant origin and mineral origin) and Jangam Visha (poisons which have animal origins). it also describes various parts of it which leads to poisoning by each of them called as Visha Adhishthana. 1 poisoning due to insect bite is one of the type of Jangam Visha poisoning. Makshika Visha (honeybee sting) is one of them. encounter with honeybees is now frequent as due to deforestation they have lost most of their habitat and now it is very common to see them making their nest on buildings.

1)
To study therapeutic and pharmacological action of each ingredient of Tagaradi Agada 2) To study pharmacological and anti-toxic action of Tagaradi Agada

Materials and Method
The whole study based on literary review collected from Ayurveda Sanhita Method of preparation of Tagaradi Agada All ingredients are taken in same quantity and mixed well. Among the species of Hymenoptera, bees are the most commonly encountered species because of beekeeping activities. Two of the more commonly encountered species of bee are honeybee Apis mellifera and the bumblebee (Bombus species).

Tagara
The non-allergic local reaction is a toxic response to venom constituents, while the large local reaction appears to be caused by an allergic reaction to venom proteins.
The IgE mediated late-phase reaction is probably responsible for most of these reactions; however, a Cell-mediated mechanism, or a combination of the two, is possible Clinical Features: Hymenoptera sting envenomation results in a number of clinical presentations (i) Non-allergic, local reactions (pain, minor edema, redness at the sting site); (ii) Allergic, large local reactions (extensive swelling >10 cm persisting more than 24hrs); (iii) Anaphylaxis (generalized urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse and loss of consciousness); (iv) Systemic toxic reactions (edema, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, seizures and altered sensorium); (v) Unusual reactions (cardiac ischemia, encephalomyelitis and cerebral infarctions)

Discussion
Tagaradi agada have 4 herbal ingredients. These drugs contain many pharmacological properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-analgesic, anti-convulsant, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory activity, anti-asthmatic activities. Poisonous insect bite can cause non allergic local reactions like pain, minor edema, redness at sting site, also allergic reactions like extensive swelling and anaphylactic shock. Combined Pharmacological actions of Tagaradi Agada covers most of the symptoms due to poisonous insect bite which makes this agada preferred Agada in makshika visha

Conclusion
Ashtang sangraha mentioned Tagaradi Agada in vishapratishedha adhyaya specially for makshika visha treatment. This Agada can be used as local application as well as can be taken internally owing to its vishaghna, kandughna, shoolahara properties as well as its pharmacological properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-analgesic, anticonvulsant, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory activity, anti-asthmatic activities. The review of this article is to provide collective information on pharmacological and therapeutic use of Tagaradi Agada in makshika visha