THE CONSEQUENCES OF EROSION ON THE SLOPE LANDS OF AZERBAIJAN AND MEASURES TO COMBAT IT

The article considers the probability of the intensity of the erosion process and the prerequisites for its mitigation and control. The results of the research prove that soil erosion is based on natural and anthropogenic factors. The main objectives of the study were to determine the amount and level of development of worn and erosion-prone soils in the foothills of the country, where it is very difficult to develop on the slope soils of Upper Shirvani. Therefore, in this connection, the tasks are solved, taking into account the requirements of preserving the ecological situation in the example of the Shamakhi district of the Upper Shirvan zone of the Republic of Azerbaijan, where the areas of its potential danger are identified and the preconditions for its prevention are given.


Introduction
The territory of Azerbaijan is under environmental impacts the catchment of the Valley of the Caspian Sea.
Here, environmental problems, which are the regional and depend on relations between States and for this reason, day after day they become strained. I must say that the soil exposed to erosion, forest plantations, mountain Grove, water sources, etc. natural education fail.
In the geological and geographic region of the study has a rather complex structure, where the high mountains and steep slopes alternate Foothill areas and Plains, which in turn contributes to the development of a fairly Motley climate the diversity of vegetation. The complexity of the geomorphological structure, the presence of steep slopes, as well as anthropogenic forcing has a significant value of intensity of runoff, which in turn reinforces the development of erosive processes, resulting in created wide ravines, which are presented in the final stage beams, changing appearance of geomorphological region in General.
In the whole of Shirvan zone E.M. Shikhlinski [7] distinguishes 3 types of climate: 1) warm-temperate characteristic of lowland regions in area with relatively mild winters; 2) moderately warm moist type with a uniform distribution of rainfall throughout the year, covers part of the foothill zone and 3) cold climate with wet winters, characteristic of the foothills and mountain areas.
Minimum air temperature 0.5 0 with falls in January, and the maximum in 23.6 0 c in the month of July. The average soil temperature ranges from -1 0 p-30.7 0 c. minimum temperature of soil in -1 0 with falls on January, maximum 30.0 0 c (July) and August 30.7 0 months. Annual rainfall is 692 mm, most of which falls in the months of April to June. The annual value of evaporation 825 mm. The average relative air humidity is 71% hesitated on the time of year from 59 to 87% [7].

Objectives of Research
A study of the results of monitoring studies on determination of the degree of exposure to sloping land and establish the prerequisites for its prevention.

The Moves and Discuss the Results of the Study
It should be recognized that the results of the many fundamental and applied research on the development of soil erosion and erosion events proved that modern methods of study inevitably and naturally it was practiced always, however, it must be said that using new works mentioned themed, opens the next stage information experimental and applied research in the field of science, where the undergone known formation ways of dealing on prevent it by an integrated approach solutions challenge studies on development of erosion of natural habitats.
It is known that is not a complete list of information on soil erosion and responses at different administrative levels overlook the content beyond the Visual and other accounting materials researchers and UNIVERSITY textbooks and may have substantial assistance to authors on many scientific and applied issues that could not be addressed fully in the Republic so far.
Direction of study on soil erosion, their mapping and designing erosion-preventive, recommended for students is wide and diverse, and may be offered basic blocks (lines): soil erosion researchterminology, classification; the criteria used to determine the risk of erosion; assessment and mapping of erosion dangerous lands; mapping of eroded soils; protection of soil from erosion; designing erosion control activities; environmental, social and economic effectiveness of erosion control measures; status of research on the issue of protecting the soil from erosion in Azerbaijan and other countries of the world.
The natural and climatic conditions of the Republic due to the water balance deficit contributes to development and erosion, deflation, and that require specific, progressive methods of development here soil, crops, land reclamation and protection without having small the Land Fund. It should be Http://www.granthaalayah.com ©International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH [491] noted that in the Republic basic arrays suitable for irrigated agricultural land use is already a component of 1.410 million ha have been mastered and further expansion of arable land is only possible due to the development of less productive land that and requires excessive protection from soil erosion on the reclaimed lands, maintaining and enhancing soil fertility is of great importance for the country.
In the process of realization of scientific research conducted by the authors in the Institute Erosion and irrigation NANA on the direction of research in their monographs soil erosion is represented as a function of the natural and anthropogenic factors and its environmental consequence.
The authors assumed that each science requires some precision and clarity of concepts and achievements of new results continuously improved control measures and classification of objects. These issues have engaged many scholars, so for example: A. n. Zavarickij (1947) It is known that patterns of manifestations of land degradation related to climatic, lithologicgeomorphological particularities, as well as the intensity of manifestation of anthropogenic influence.
The Republic of Azerbaijan, the insufficiency of knowledge, characterised by large areas of arable land with very low humus content, high acidity, scarcity of phosphate soil regime.
The results of the study determined that in Azerbaijan land occupies sklonovye ha 3236 square. Land distribution in natural and economic zones of the Republic on relief conditions placed as follows (table 1.) [5].   Ploughing and tillage on such areas run along the slope, which contributes to the flushing of soil and a sharp decline in its fertility.
Long-term systematic not a legitimate use of chemical plant protection products in the region, as the years of Soviet power, and now especially pesticides, is one of the main problems in the agricultural zone of the Republic as Lip-Hachmasskoj, Ganja-Gazakh, Upper shirvani and Holding. Pollution of the soil here has a negative impact on plants, reduce the harvest of crops and the potential loss l soil fertility.
Along with the pollution of ecosystems affected by the negative consequences for people and livestock in the region. Environmental pollution has become one of the most important Wednesday challenges, special role where belongs to the heavy metals that have the ability to accumulate in soils and through them get into foods while promoting and soil degradation.
Zoning of the territory of the Republic on irrigation technique and degree of soil erosion in republics showed that we surveyed 14 districts have a tense situation, in which there is a risk the withdrawal of arable land here due to the heavy use in view of the complete degradation of soils. In Azerbaijan are found all types of erosion (incl. water, mudflow, wind, surface, line, etc.) the susceptibility of soil erosion in mountain areas of Azerbaijan are listed in the table below. (see  table 2). As can be seen from the table, the most common is water erosion, which develops in mountain regions more intensively.
Mountain soil in this and other exposed to erosion, which covers 51.0 -92.4% land area. The Shahbuz, and Also areas of soil subjected to strong erosion and, respectively, accounted for 54.3 and 67.2%. [2.6] Here there is an opportunity to increase irrigated lands up to 1235 HA The above-mentioned mountainous areas, thanks to the collection of mud water in small ponds, over 1300 hectares of wet or nepodvergajushhiesja farming soils hold watering, which serves to protect the mudflow and irrigation erosion in these areas. Furthermore, by reducing soil erosion, introduction of a number of activities, including provision of adequate quantities of soil mineral fertilizers in these areas can be achieved production of 35.0 thousand tons of wheat, 12.0 thousand. tons of tobacco, 10-15 thousand tons of vegetables, 95-100 thousand tons of potato, as well as through improved forage base significantly improve livestock production. [2,3,6]. On the mountain and Foothill regions on sloping lands of Azerbaijan using newly developed technological means of irrigation, us has been implemented large amount of long-term research work under the supervision of B.H. Aliyev [2].
Given the above, it is recommended for mountain and Foothill areas following irrigation methods: 1) furrow irrigation with slit; 2) spray a low intensity rain sivnostju; 3) small dispersion moisturizing and without combining with sprinkler systems; 4) drip irrigation, etc.
Irrigation on furrows with slit area  0.03. in addition to the garden for all other crops in the conditions of surface irrigation method is not recommended because wasteful water consumption.
It should be noted that the establishment and development of new advanced irrigation methods is exception of irrigation erosion, conserve irrigation water and not violate environmental protection Wednesday.
From the above it follows that while mastering the slopes not only in Azerbaijan, but also in countries throughout the world requires a cautious approach to the choice of irrigation technique and technology recommended for irrigation of cultivated crops on land on slopes. conclusion on the slopes of 15-20 0 place gardens and vineyards.
Often sklonovye lands in 30-40 0 degrees or greater, are used for vineyards with the direction of the rows along the slope, posing a dire condition for the exploitation of agricultural machines and enhanced flushing topsoil the aisles. So is that when laying new vineyards and orchards should not go on seemingly a more economical way of bookmarks in the direction of the slope.
There is also use of steep slopes under crops grain and forage crops. [2.5] it must be recognized, however, that the effectiveness of our measures of erosion control and the prevention of erosion risk are complex defenses, promotes regulation of runoff, soil protection from Flushing, Washout, however, and the restoration and improvement of eroded soils and the involvement of eroded land in the rational use of the agriculture Republic.

Conclusions
In order to address the question raised requires differentiation of lands for their natural potential and degree of erosion and then define a set of measures to put an end to degradation and restoration of soil fertility with subsequent zoning of the territory of the Republic according to the degree of erosion with obligatory taking into account all factors affecting the State and land use in different types of soils of the Republic.