NEW SUPERIOR VARIETY ADAPTATION AND NUMBER OF BREEDS ON PRODUCTIVITY LOWLAND RICE

This study aims to obtain new adaptive superior varieties, obtain the appropriate number of seeds and produce a combination of technological packages between varieties and the number of suitable seeds to increase productivity lowland rice. The design used was factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors, namely the first factor of the variety consisted of Ciherang, Inpari 30 and Inpara 2. The second factor was the use of the number of seeds consisting of 2 stems, 5 stems, 8 stems, and 11 stems. The second combination was 12 treatments, which were repeated 3 times, overall there were 36 trial plots. The results showed that the productivity of Inpara 2 varieties of rice gave an increase in yield of 36.82% harvested dry grain compared to the Ciherang variety which is an existing variety. The use of 2-11 stems is not significant for plant productivity, but only affects the amount of filled grain and the number of grains per panicle, in the treatment of the number of seeds of 8 stems. Inpari 30 varieties with 2 and 5 stems have the highest 1000 grains of 25.89 and 25.81 g, respectively.


Introduction
The need for rice as the main food source of Indonesia's population continues to increase, along with the rate of population growth and the high level of national rice consumption which is still high. The achievement of rice production targets continues to increase, along with increasing national food needs. One of the Ministry of Agriculture's Strategic targets for 2015-2019 is food self-sufficiency, especially rice commodities, where the production target in 2017 is 78.13 million tons and in 2019 to 82.08 million tons (Ministry of Agriculture, 2015). Indonesia as a country with a large population faces challenges in meeting the food needs of the population. Therefore, food security policies are the main focus of agricultural development. One effort was made to increase rice production with the use of new adaptive superior varieties and cultivation technology, one of Http://www.granthaalayah.com ©International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH [447] which is the use of the right number of seeds. The results of the research on the use of superior varieties have a very prominent role in efforts to increase rice productivity (Kiswanto and Adriyani, 2011). The new superior varieties of rice play an important role in changing the pattern of subsistence agriculture to be commercial, with a level of productivity three times that of local varieties. Superior varieties have characteristics of short stems, upright leaves, and many tillers so that they have the ability to intercept greater sunlight so that the long photosynthetic process runs well and will produce more grain (Suprihatno and Dradjat, 2009).
Increased rice productivity causes a decrease in the efficiency and effectiveness of inputs, characterized by the increase in yields, reduced fertility of paddy fields, and the increasing attack of Plant Disturbing Organisms (OPT). the optimal use of seed quantities is needed for rice cultivation, in order to reduce the use of seed quantities. Based on the results of the practice in the field that the use of seeds at the farmer level is still relatively high reaching 40 kg ha-1, this is due to the use of seeds that are quite high, namely 5-10 seeds per planting hole. The use of a lot of seeds, in plants there will be competition in the extraction of nutrients, absorption of water, absorption of the intensity of daylight, oxygen as a result of the plant space to grow to be limited. The purpose of this study is to obtain new superior varieties that are adaptive with a high level of productivity, get one component of the appropriate technology package, especially in the use of appropriate number of seedlings based on location specifics and produce a combination of technological packages between varieties and the number of suitable seeds to increase productivity lowland rice.

Research Methods
This research was conducted in Lumut Village, Toba District, Kab. Sanggau, from May to September 2016. The seeds used are Ciherang Varieties, Inpari 30 and Inpara 2. Seed treatments are carried out using a salt solution then sown on the seedling media in the form of a prepared bed.
Land processing is carried out in an imperfect or method, minimum tillage meaning that land processing is only one time directly glazed without being cut off, because the paddy field is a former swamp land which has a shallow pyrite layer. Planting is done at the age of the seedlings 20 days after the seedling. Basic fertilization is carried out when the plants are 10  From the two factors mentioned above there are 12 treatment combinations which are repeated as many as 3 times resulting in 36 treatment plots. The combination of treatments is presented in Table 1. Table 1: Combination of varieties and number of seeds.

Varieties
The data in Table 2 below shows that based on the results of the statistical analysis of varieties it has a significant effect on the average panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, percentage of empty grain, number of grain per clump and yield. While the number of panicles per clump does not differ between varieties. The results of the variance analysis showed that the highest adaptation test for new superior varieties was in the Inpara 2 variety compared to the Ciherang and Inoari 30 varieties. The yield per hectare or productivity was a variable measured based on the results of harvested dry grain. To determine the productivity of rice plants, it was carried out using sweet potatoes, for legowo 2: 1 (50-25) x 12.5 cm using a size of 2 m x 5 rows of legowo. Table 2 shows that the yields of Inpara 2 varieties are higher than those of the Ciherang and Inpari 30 varieties, respectively 5.37 t ha-1, 3.39 t ha-1, and 4.00 t ha-1. The test results of rice paddy varieties carried out in Entikong show that the Inpara 2 variety has yields of 6.97 t ha-1. Rice plants have the highest potential genetic yield which is the limit of the ability of a variety in producing grain, which can be achieved if climate factors support and without limiting environmental factors (Makarim and Suhartatik, 2009). Table 3 shows that based on the results of statistical analysis, with treatment using several numbers of seeds does not significantly affect the number of panicles per clump, panicle length, percentage of empty grain and yield of harvested dry grain. However, the highest number of filled grains was treated with 8 stems, while the highest number of grains per panicle was treated with 2 stems and 8 stems. The data in Table 3 above shows that by using 2 stem seeds, 5 stem seeds, 8 stem seeds, and 11 stem seeds, the statistical analysis has the same panicle number. The number of panicles per clump is one component that affects the productivity of rice plants. The number of panicles per clump, the higher the potential to produce grain, so the potential yield per unit area is also higher. According to Atman (2007) that by treating the number of seedlings 1 -9 stems against the number of productive tillers which depicted the number of panicles per clump was not significant between treatments. This is in line with the results of this study there is no difference between the number of seeds to the number of panicles produced. Table 3 shows that panicle length does not differ between the treatments for the number of seeds of 2 -11 stems. Panicle length indirectly affects the amount of grain per panicle. The research results which are almost the same are shown by Amtan (2007) that with the treatment of seeds 1 -9 stems there was no significant difference between the panicle length. The more the number of panicles per m2 by increasing the plant population, the shorter panicles produced, otherwise the longer the average panicle rice crop, the more the amount of grain produced (Yoshida, 1981).

Number of Seeds Data in
The data in Table 3 shows that the highest number of filled grain in the treatment with the number of 8 stem seeds is 65.56 grains, while for the number of seeds 2 stems, 5 stems and 11 stems 64.78 grains, 59.99 grains and 54, respectively. 43 items. Based on the results of the study of the amount of grain, in general, it is still low because at that location has a fairly high iron element, especially in the maximum vegetative phase because of less rainfall, washing iron on the land is not smooth. A somewhat different condition is produced by Atman (2007) that statistical analysis of rice grain did not differ between treatments, but the highest was observed in the treatment of 5 stem seeds per planting hole.
The data in Table 3 shows that the percentage of empty grain does not have a significant difference between the treatment of the number of seeds 2 stems, 5 stems, 8 stems and 11 stems 15.08%, 18.84%, 17.02%, and 17.48 %. The percentage of empty grain will affect the yield of rice plants, because the higher the percentage of grain, the greater the effect on rice yield, where the higher the empty grain results in low rice production. Empty grains show the inability of plants to replenish plants, can be caused by environmental factors.
The data in Table 3 shows that the number of grains per panicle is the least with the number of seedlings of 11 stems, namely 66.39 grains, while for the number of seeds 2 stems, 5 stems and 8 stems every 76.14 grains, 73.99 grains and 78, 69 items. The amount of grain per panicle indirectly affects the yield component because as much grain is produced in one panicle, there is more potential for grain content per panicle.
The data on Table 3 shows that the yield of harvested dry grain based on statistical analysis does not have a significant difference between the treatment of the number of seeds of 2 stems, 5 stems, 8 stems and 11 stems 4.635 t ha-1, 4,259 t ha-1, 4,642 t ha-1, and 3,519 t ha-1. The results showed that the number of seeds from 2 to 11 stems had the same productivity. Use of the number of seeds per planting hole based on the concept of Integrated Crop Management (PTT), which is 1-3 sticks.
Based on the results of the study there are uses of the number of seeds having different production results. This might be due to the suitability of the varieties in the environment. According to Atman (2007), by using 1 stalk per seedling plant, yields lower productivity compared to 3 -9 seeds. Added by Ridwan and Munir (2004) that the yield of the best Cisokan varieties using the number of seeds 5 stems per planting hole. Misran (2014) states that with the use of seeds 1-5 stems per planting hole it gives the best results, whereas, with the use of above seeds 7 stems per plant hole, there is a tendency to decrease production yield.
The use of many seeds per planting hole can affect competition between plants in absorbing nutrients, water, daylight radiation, and oxygen. The increase in the number of seeds per plant tends to increase competition between plants in one clump and with other clumps of light, space, and nutrients which affect growth and production (Muyassir, 2012). The amount of nutrients needed by plants is closely related to the needs of plants to grow better, if the amount of nutrients is less available then growth will be hampered, but if the amount of nutrients available is higher than the number of nutrient requirements by plants it can be said as a condition of luxury consumption (Lakitan, 2008).

Interaction Between Treatments
The results of the variance analysis showed that the weight of 1000 grains was influenced by the interaction between the varieties and the number of seeds ( Table 4). The highest grain weight of 1000 grains was treated by Inpara 2 variety with 2 stems and 5 stems. The grain weight of 1000 grains represents the size of rice grains. Grain size is influenced by genetic traits and adaptability to the growing environment. The size of the grain size can be

Conclusion
1) Inpara 2 varieties were significantly higher than Ciherang and Inpari 30 varieties for panicle length characters, number of Gaba contents per panicle, percentage of empty grain, number of grain per panicle and increased the productivity of 24.94% of harvested dry grain.
2) The use of the number of seeds per planting hole did not affect the panicle length, the number of panicles per clump, percentage of empty grain and yields of harvested dry grain.
3) The use of 8 stems per planting hole showed a significantly higher yield for the character of the number of filled grains and the number of grains per panicle. 4) The use of Inpari 30 varieties with the number of seeds of 2-5 stems can increase the grain weight of 1000 grains to 25.89 g and 25.81 g.