A SHORT REVIEW ON APSMARA W.S.R. TO EPILIPSY

Today’s modern era, different types of stress, mental depression, night duties, insomnia, internet working, web searching, playing games on mobile lack of proper diet etc. All this leads prevalence of mental diseases day by day. Epilepsy is a mental disorder in which the central nervous system characterized by periodic loss of consciousness with or without convulsions associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain. In some cases, it is due to brain damage, but in most cases the cause is unknown. In Ayurveda all psychiatric disorder is described under the heading of mansika vyadhi Apsmara is one of them. “Apsamarm punah: smrutibudhi satwasamplawat bibhasachestam awastitakam tama: praveshamachkaste”it’s the one-line unique identity of Apsmara. It is the transient appearance of unconsciousness with loath some expression due to derangement of memory, intelligence and mind. The present article is an attempt to highlighting on details of Apsmara with co-relating with Epilepsy.


Introduction
In 1948 world health organization (WHO) defined the definition of health is it is a stage of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (1) . That means every healthy person must required mental fitness also. In Ayurveda rajas and tamas are two mansika doshas which causes psychiatric disorder. Apsmar is one of them it can be happened due to drushti of sharirik i.e vata pitta and kapha and mansik doshas rajas and tamas. The definition of Apasmara is Tama Pravesha and Bheebatsa cheshta due to the perversion of Smruthi, Buddhi and Satva. (ch.chi.10/3) Apasmara can be correlated with the Epilepsy. Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures. [3] [4] Epileptic seizures are Http://www.granthaalayah.com ©International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH [37] episodes that can vary from brief and nearly undetectable periods to long periods of vigorous shaking. (5) The study also estimated a median prevalence of 1.54% (0.48-4.96%) for rural and 1.03% (0.28-3.8%) for urban studies in developing countries. With a conservative estimate of 1% as prevalence of epilepsy, there are more than 12 million persons with epilepsy (PWE) in India. (6) Due to stress, mental depression, night duties, internet working, web searching, playing games on mobile its prevalence can be increases day by day. There is no satisfactory treatment in modern medicine except anti-convulsion drugs which gives temporary relief while our ancient science have lots of description about pathos-physiology and treatment of psychiatric disorder. Hence it is necessary to study this disease thoroughly.

Sadhya Asadhyata
If Apasmara is occurs newly, having strong immunity not making any complication than it is sadhya. If it is prolonged then Krichha Sadhya .

Treatment
Treatment of All Types Epilepsy: Beneficial for the epileptics are the strong evacuative measures, pacificator measures according to doshas and in case of the exogenous factor mantras etc. (14) Use of Purgation to "Awaken" the Heart and Channels: First, one should "awaken the heart, the channels and the mind". These have been blocked by the doshas.
So, one should apply drastic emesis, etc. V-type should be treated mostly with enema P-type should be treated mostly with purgation K-type should be treated mostly with emesis So, the patient has been "cleansed by all means". Then he should be consoled well, so as to make him comfortable and at ease again. Then drug formulations should be administered. (15)

Epilepsy (29)
Definition of Epilepsy Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom of epilepsy. But not all people who appear to have seizures have epilepsy.

Causes of Epilepsy
There are around 180,000 new cases of epilepsy each year. About 30% occur in children. Children and elderly adults are the ones most often affected.
There is a clear cause for epilepsy in only a minority of the cases. Typically, the known causes of seizure involve some injury to the brain. Some of the main causes of epilepsy include: • Low oxygen during birth • Head injuries that occur during birth or from accidents during youth or adulthood • Genetic conditions that result in brain injury, such as tuberous sclerosis • Brain tumor • Infections such as meningitis or encephalitis • Stroke or any other type of damage to the brain • Abnormal levels of substances such as sodium or blood sugar • In up to 70% of all case of epilepsy in adults and children, no cause can be discovered.
• While many types of repetitive behavior may represent a neurological problem, a doctor needs to establish whether or not they are seizures. • While many types of repetitive behavior may represent a neurological problem, a doctor needs to establish whether or not they are seizures.
Generalized seizures: All areas of the brain (the cortex) are involved in a generalized seizure. Sometimes these are referred to as grand mal seizures.
• The person experiencing such a seizure may cry out or make some sound, stiffen for several seconds to a minute and then have rhythmic movements of the arms and legs. Often the rhythmic movements slow before stopping. • Eyes are generally open.
• The person may appear to not be breathing and actually turn blue. This may be followed by a period of deep, noisy breathes. • The return to consciousness is gradual and the person may be confused for quite some time --minutes to hours. • Loss of urine is common.
• The person will frequently be confused after a generalized seizure.

Partial or focal seizures:
Only part of the brain is involved, so only part of the body is affected. Depending on the part of the brain having abnormal electrical activity, symptoms may vary.
• If the part of the brain controlling movement of the hand is involved, then only the hand may show rhythmic or jerky movements. • If other areas of the brain are involved, symptoms might include strange sensations like a full feeling in the stomach or small repetitive movements such as picking at one's clothes or smacking of the lips. • Sometimes the person with a partial seizure appears dazed or confused. This may represent a complex partial seizure. The term complex is used by doctors to describe a person who is between being fully alert and unconscious.
Absence or petit mal seizures: These are most common in childhood.
• Impairment of consciousness is present with the person often staring blankly.
• Repetitive blinking or other small movements may be present.
• Typically, these seizures are brief, lasting only seconds. Some people may have many of these in a day

Discussion
Psychiatric disorder is well explained in Ayurvedic samhita. That ancient knowledge of Ayurveda will helps in diagnosis and management Apsmara in present era very well. Public should be made aware of the nature of the seizures and first aids. Even though Ayurveda has a vast treasure of Yogas for the management of Apasmara most of them are yet to be explored in the present day especially during an acute condition. More researches needs to be conducted in these areas.
In Ayurveda it may be correlated to apsmara with (epilepsy) disease which is sharirik and mansik Vikara. So line of treatment according to disorders such as neuro-protactive medications along with Pancha karma therapies have definitely shown outcome on the disease and thus pave way to further researches in employing Ayurvedic methods towards the management of epilepsy.

Conclusion
Ayurved has diagnosis and management of all psychological disorders in present era very well. While modern therapy got limitations in such diseases, but same time ancient knowledge of Ayurveda is perfect for all this disease. Ayurved has brief description of apasmar which can be correlated with epilepsy. Purpose of this review article is an attempt to highlighting on details apsmara with co-relating with epilepsy.