IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AMONGST RESIDENTS OF CALABAR METROPOLIS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA. WEST AFRICA; A CASE STUDY OF CALABAR GARMENT FACTORY

This research paper was geared toward unraveling the impact of environmental health on sustainable development amongst residents of Calabar metropolis in Cross River State, Nigeria, West Africa. In pursuant of this objective, three research questions were raised to guide the studyTo what extent does environmental induction course influence sustainable development among residents of Calabar metropolis? does environmental wastes recycling affect sustainable development among residence of Calabar metropolis? and to what extend does environmental conservation influence sustainable development among residents of Calabar metropolis. A sample size of 200 respondents was considered for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a 20 items questionnaire which was validated by research experts on health discipline. Split half reliability estimate was implored to ascertain the reliability of the instrument while simple percentage was used to analyze the data collected. From the results of our findings, possible recommendations were made to ensure sustainability of our environmental resources to enhance sustainable development.


Introduction
Environmental health is a branch of public health that is concern with all aspects of natural and built environment that may affect human health (Obi & Dean, 2010). Http://www.granthaalayah.com ©International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH [122] According to world health organization (1993) environmental health comprises those aspects of human health including quality of life, that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social and psychological factors in the environment. It can also be seen as the theory and practice of assessing, correcting, controlling and preventing factors affecting adversely the health of present and future generation. In other words, environmental health can also be referred to as environmental public health, or environmental health education (Obi and Dean, 2010).
Sustainable development refers to the development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. National Institute of Environmental Health Science {NIH}, (2012). Also, Jonatan (2015) citing from ministry of the environment (2013), described sustainable development as an ongoing and structured process where society undergoes changes with the aim of securing desirable living conditions for current and future generations.
Cross River State is one out of the 36 states in Nigeria. The state is situated at the southern region of the country and makes up 18   Environmental health education is the process of giving awareness to individual or a group of persons on environmental protection and health promotion.
Environmental health education has brought in enlightenment, awareness, exposure, innovation and knowledge leading to scientific innovation through research. Bent and Solomon (2011) asserted that health education is the translation of what is known about health into desirable persons, individuals and commonly guiding the behavior pattern by means of education process. It can be seen as any attempt that is made to equip the people with sufficient skills or knowledge that can enable them take positive measures or actions on their own to promote personal health and that of the environment with the acquisition of healthful information that will necessitate the practical application of health knowledge, attitudes and skills.
Our consciousness for environmental sustainability begins with self-sanitation and goes down to keeping our surroundings clean through proper wastes disposal and environmental sanitation.

Environmental Recycling and Sustainable Development
Recycling is a process of collecting and processing materials that would otherwise be thrown away as thrash and turning them into new product US EPA (2015). or simply put it means using raw materials that are already been extracted thereby reducing the need to extract even more to meet consumption demand. This technology has a great deal of energy even though it is yet to gain wide spread awareness especially in the rural communities. Jonatan (2015) pointed out some benefits of adopting environmental recycling measures to include the reduction of waste send to landfills, conservation of natural resources, reduction in pollution due to a lower need for virgin raw materials, and the possibility of creating new jobs within the recycling industry.
This technology enables us to harvest new opportunities and possibilities from what we would have ordinarily term waste. With recycling there is no spoil and no waste. Virtually everything we see, feel or touch is recyclable. Some example of recycling materials include plastics, metals, fabrics, paper, wool, sewage, water, etc. recycling process involve three steps-collecting, sorting and reuse or recovery. With the aim of gradually shifting the society from a linear economy towards a circular one, the EU setup a 4R-rule hierarchy for the reduction of waste. -Reduce-Reuse-Recycle-Recovery Jonatan (2015).
Going by the concept of sustainable development as cited from NIH (2012) and Jonatan (2015), sustainable development is a rather gradual process where both present and future generations have the chance of reaping in a process of time.
Although many authors example Jonatan (2015) (2006) feel that this practice does not totally exempt the society from the danger of pollutants released into the ecosystem by these recycling machines. Emphasizing that those by-products released into the air, land and sea as a result of industrialization, pose a lot of threat on the ecosystem. Example, the gradual depletion of the ozone layer by carbon gases from combustion, unsafe aquatic environment due to chemical pollution, and depletion of soil fertility by industrial wastes.

Calabar Garment Factory
The Calabar garment factory is at the moment a major garment recycling outfit in Calabar, the cross river state capital. It is the largest garment factory in the world by floor size. The factory is expected to reduce importation and promote local production, with an expected economic boom in the country which would also improve the growth of the gross domestic product. The garment factory is situated on a 2000 square metres land space on the Goodluck Jonathan bypass in the CRS capital. The edifice is sited on a picturesque landscape with well-pave drive way and parking lot to accommodate expected clients and staff vehicles. The factory is furnished with more than 2000 electric powered garment production machine ranging from cutting to sewing, embroidery, ironing machines and many more (Emmanuel, 2016). With a mega plant stationed to generate constant electricity for 24 hours.
Calabar garment factory Calabar garment factory plant

Methodology
The study was descriptive in approach. 200 respondents were selected from the two local governments that make up Calabar metropolis. The instrument used for data collection was 20items questionnaires tagged Environmental sustainability development index questionnaire (ESDIQ). The instrument was scrutinized and tested for content validity and reliability using a spit half reliability estimate at 0.05 level of significance. The instrument was structured into four points like a scale of strongly agreed (SA). Agreed (A), disagreed (D) and strongly disagreed (SD). The scale was assigned with values of 4, 3, 2, and 1 respectively for positively structured statement while reversed order was assigned for negatively structured statement. The Analysis was based on simple percentage and mean value, the items of the instrument were structured to reflect the three variables under consideration. Value with percentage higher than fifty(50%) and mean value higher than 2.50 were considered appropriate to have exerted a significant influence on a given variable while percentages vales lower than the average was unsatisfactory in terms of influence on the environmental sustainability. The items in the instruments and the responses are structured in the table 1 below.

Discussion of Result
The data analysis was based on simple percentages and mean value obtained in each item in the instrument. assertion is akin to the view point of NIH (2017) that recycling process of waste enhances industrialization which hitherto does not encourage sustainable development.
In research question 3-to what extent does environmental conservation influence sustainable development., the analysis revealed that the mean value of 2.5 was exceeded. It implies that conservation is sin qua non to sustainability. The results tend to conform to the findings of the EDF (2015) that conservation of the ecosystem is critical for sustainable development. The result also corroborated with the assertion of BGCI (2011) on the importance of conservation on Sustainable Development.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the results led credence to the fact that, induction course, waste recycling and conservation practices are inherent environmental protection/ promotion measures that enhance environmental health impact and assessment for sustainable development among residence of Calabar metropolis.

Recommendations
1) The Government should introduce environmental health induction courses through improved environmental awareness programs to enable the inhabitants see environmental impact assessment as a vital component of health for sustainable development. This can be best achieved through the media, formal education, seminars and symposia etc. 2) The government should set up recycling industries in the state to improve waste management activities and reduce the level of pollution and ecosystem hazard from industrial and market wastes 3) Environmental education should not only be a literacy program. The uneducated in the society should also be made to know the full benefits of environmental promotion. To achieve this feat, the Government should incorporate environmental health education into the secondary school curriculum and introduce house-to-house awareness campaigns 4) The state legislature should make environmental friendly laws that would check incessant exploitation of environmental resources by inhabitants. These laws can be effectively enforced by the environmental laws enforcement agencies.