A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS OF OBESITY AMONG THE POST GRADUATE GIRLS (18-22 YEARS)

Asians Indian are commonly dyslipidemia and predisposed to develop accelerated arthrosclerosis. The present study was done to critical analyze of the different anthropometric indicators of obesity such as body mass index, waist – hip ratio and waist circumference. The sample comprised of 150 females (mean age = 20.6 years) selected randomly from post graduate student of Banasthali University. A questionnaire was framed to collect the information from the respondent such regarding personal profile, physical activity and dietary pattern, different anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist and hip circumference), BMI and WHR were calculated using standard techniques. The results of the study revealed that mean value of BMI and WHR of all respondents were 20.80 and 0.78 respectively. The result showed that according to BMI 49.3 per cent of respondents were normal while 1.3 per cent of respondents were in obese category. According to WHR prevalence of obesity was seen in 14.76 per cent of respondents. They all had risk of obesity associated diseases and other metabolic disorder while 83.39 per cent of the respondents had normal waist circumference they had no risk of metabolic complication. Thus, the study shows WHR is more useful and simple anthropometric indicator of obesity.


Introduction
The anthopometry has a Greek origin meaning human (anthropes) measurement (metery). The techniques involve the measurement of whole body (body weight) and part there of physique e.g. height, thickness of skinfolds arms muscles, head and chest circumference. Http://www.granthaalayah.com ©International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH [46] Anthropometry is one of the most basic classification for assessing nutritional status, whether over nutrition or under nutrition. A variety of methods are available to measure obesity and body thinness. However, waist circumference and waist hip ratio are useful in predicting health outcomes and innovative measurement of body fat or obesity. Previously WHR was used for assessment for abdominal fat but now a day it is shifted to WC. Waist circumference has been shown the best simple measure of both intra-abdominal fat mass and tatal fat. Currently, there are many measures for diagnosing obesity at population level but most frequently used diagnostic tool in current classification system of obesity is body mass index (Soni A,Verma V,2013).
Overweight specifically refers to an excess body weight compared to set standards Overweight and obesity has emerged a major disorder associated with many metabolic diseases in both developed and developing countries. Globally it is predicted that by 2020 noncommunicable diseases will contribute to 80% of the global burden of diseases causing 7 out of 10 deaths in developing countries (Vijaylakshmi K and Aruna M, 2014).

Methodology
The present study was carried out in Banasthali University, Rajasthan. The study was taken to assess the anthropometrical indicators (height, weight and waist hip ratio) among 150 post graduate students (girls) between the age of 18 -22 years selected randomly. All girls were belonged to different state and were vegetarians. Personal information about age, dietary pattern and demographic profile were collected through questionnaire. Each student was contacted personally at their hostel. The body height measured with an anthrometer in standing erect position, to the nearest 0.9 cm. Body weight was measured on electronic digital scale with in aquracy of up to 0.1 kg. Waist and hip circumference was measured. Percent mean and standard deviation was calculated. In general BMI = weight (kg) / height (m2) and WHR = waist / hip for assessment of overweight and obesity.

Selection of the Respondents
As selected respondents belonged to post graduate courses. Their mean age was 19.7 years. All were females. They belong to middle income group and upper income group and follow on sedentary pattern of life. All the respondents (n=150) were vegetarian because they had to strictly follows vegetarism in Banasthali University. They took four meal pattern diet which provide around 1996.7 kcal and 76.38 g protein daily. Student belonged to different states and they live in hostel.   The study showed that only 4.6 per cent of the respondents (n = 7) comes in slightly overweight category (25 -30 BMI range). Their mean value was 28.73±1.25 i.e. they were prone to obesity also have different associated diseases. Another 1.3 per cent of subjects (n = 2) had high BMI range 30 -40 i.e. obese grade 2. They had high body fat. These respondents were prone to different associated diseases like cardiovascular and diabetes etc.

Waist -Hip Circumference
Waisthip circumference of all respondents were measured by dividing waist circumference with hip circumference. This has been found to be a better marker of abdominal obesity was calculated and defind as the basis of WHR (Zafar, 2007). The cut off value of central obesity was considered ≥ 0.95 in males while normal value for females was ≥ 0 .80 (WHO, 1998). The WHR has been used in a number of epidemiologic studies to show increased risk for diabetes, coronary artery diseases and hypertension (Albu et al, 1997).
The data in