INFRASTRUCTURE OF ONLINE BANKING IN COMMERCIAL BANKS: CASE OF KERICHO, KENYA

This research seeks to assess the infrastructure of Online Banking in Commercial Banks: case of Kericho, Kenya. The specific objectives were: To determine the effect of Capacity of IT Infrastructure, to establish the effect of ATM use and to examine the effect of internet access of Online Banking in Commercial Banks in Kenya. Data was collect by Questionnaire, which was adopted from a thesis. Sample size was 154 and target population was 249. Data was analyzed using by descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression analysis method was used in testing relationships among variables. Findings indicate that: there was strong relationship between Capacity of IT Infrastructure and ATM use but a fluctuating, unreliable effect on internet access among the employees in Kericho. ATM use as an infrastructure was the best loaded compared to other two predictors in support of Online Banking. Conclusion: Mobile Network Operation was the least performed. Recommendations: Banks needs to focus on attention at a lower cadre of employees in both private and employees, commercial banks need to carry out training on basic IT knowledge in collaboration with local tea producers, to harness further research of the Capacity of IT Infrastructure.


Background
Customers access e-banking services using an intelligent electronic device, such as a personal computer, personal digital assistant, Automated Teller Machine (ATM), Kiosk, or touch Tone telephone Employees can improve workplace safety, decrease expenses and maintain client relationships by use of Online Banking Moreover, Online Banking is one of the important functions of management which plays an important role in providing information that is required for crucial decision making which directly affects the performance of the employees. However, research also show that the World Bank runs the Information for Development Program (info Dev), that's Rural ICT Toolkit which analyses the costs and possible profits involved in such a venture and shows that there is more potential in developing areas than many might assume.
According to Liyala, (2012) a number of developing countries such as Peru, Mexico, Pakistan have proven their skills in IT and are using these skills to build on ICT for Development (ICT4D) projects that taps local potential which is a key indigenous partner in the growth of the sector. The balance of trade for these nations due to imports in both hardware and software might be an additional consideration (Mathur, 2006;Munyua, 2000). As Orlikowski and Barley (2001) mention, technologies are simultaneously social and physical artifacts, and have not been realized by a number of scholars, hence, the code phrase "the social construction of technology" which refers to the role of human agency in technological change. From the implementation point of view, designers incorporate into technical systems assumptions about usage by endusers, physical considerations, technical operation skills, management skills, level of IT infrastructure, design traditions, as well as taken-for granted views of the world for which the system is meant to provide solutions.  Frank, 2002).In this study the Capacity of IT Infrastructure on online Banking is moderated by age and gender. Older system operators tend to face more difficulty in processing new or complex system, thus affecting their learning of new technologies (Morris et al., 2005;Plude and Hoyer 1985). Hence, compared to younger system operators, older system operators, tend to place greater importance on the availability of adequate support (Hall and Mansfield, 1975).

Capacity of IT Infrastructure
In this study to assess the Capacity of IT Infrastructure on online Banking is moderated by age and gender. Moreover, men, more than women, are willing to spend more effort to overcome different constraints and difficulties to pursue their goals, with women tending to focus more on the magnitude of effort involved and the process to achieve their objectives (Henning and Jardim 1977; Rotter and Portugal 1969; Venkatesh and Morris 2000). Thus, men tend to rely less on Capacity of IT Infrastructure when considering use of a new technology whereas women tend to place greater emphasis on external supporting factors. This can also be explained partly by the cognitions related to gender roles in society where men tend to be more task-oriented .The following hypothesis is therefore formulated: H2a : Capacity of IT Infrastructure has significant effect on online Banking in employees H2b : Capacity of IT Infrastructure have significant effect on online Banking

Mobile Money Transfer
Mobile Money Transfer (MMT) is an innovation to transfer money using the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure of the Mobile Network Operators (Mbiti 2011). The MNO infrastructure becomes a channel for funds transfer between customers of one or multiple MNOs to both the cellular terminals or to business organization to pay, procure goods or to a bank account to transact through the account. Where the transfer is from mobile phone to mobile phone,it is termed as peer to peer or person to person (P2P); the transaction from mobile phone to the bank or a business is termed as person to business(P2B) to pay for goods or services or bulk payments e.g., wages (Mbiti et al 2012). These definitions are not intended to be exhaustive but as indicative due to the rapid evolution of MMT.

Methodology, Analysis, Finding, Discussions and Conclusions
This research used a case study approach of descriptive research design. A case study research is the most common type of design that is best method for collecting original data for the purpose of describing phenomena in population by focusing on certain focused group (Mugenda and Mugenda,2003).The study focused on all lower cadre permanent employees of Mau Tea Multipurpose cooperative society ltd from which the respondents were drawn. It covered two main areas: those working in the factory and those working in the estate. The research relied on the use of questionnaires with most closed ended items designed in a likert scale.
A study research instrument was evaluated since it must be both valid and reliable. Validity is the accuracy and meaningfulness of inferences, which are based on research results (Mugenda, 2003). The validity of the instrument is acceptable if it produces consistent data. (Chava, and Nachmias, 1996).Reliability is a measure of the degree to which a research instrument yields consistent results or data after repeated trials (Mudgenda&Mugenda, 2003). An instrument is reliable if it measures what is supposed to measure. For this to be achieved, piloting was done in one purposively selected private tea sector; a pre-test (Test-Retest method) was carried out in one of the private tea company, Kaisugu Tea Ltd.

Anti-Image Matrices Correlation
Results from (Table 4.1) of Anti-image Matrices on iteration, the MSA on Internet access (IA), ATM operation and Capacity of IT Infrastructure variables extracted in the analysis was greater than 0.5 hence supporting the analysis on the Correlation and Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA).Results confirm the higher criteria above 0.5 (Mediocre level) supports Employee savings. Since majority of results were above the mediocre level. Value closer to 1 suggests patterns of correlations are relatively compact and so factor analysis should yield distinct and reliable factors Results.  (2010) showed that the more the information that results from CITI were significant and of greater quality, the more it provides support for leaders to establish strategic and operational on employee savings.
In the banking sector empirical studies was carried using DeLone and McLean model (Aburas, 2013 andMashhour, 2008). Most of the studies were on electronic banking (Okechi, 2013; Olatokun, 2012; Andoh-Baidoo, 2010). Okechi (2013) in his study showed that ATM was the most heavily used and customers were not satisfied by the service quality of ATM, Internet access (IA) and IT knowledge should encourage their customers to use e banking. Similar study done by Aburas (2013) found that level of information services provided to the customers was an important and critical factor to affect perceived quality. Results of study by Koo (2013) indicated that trust in Capacity of IT Infrastructure (CITI) and ATM operation was associated with customer satisfaction. In a study on satisfaction with web based decision support systems, Bharati et al., (2004) found that main factors to impact decision making satisfaction were information quality and system quality.

Testing of Hypotheses of the Research
The hypothesis was tested and it yielded results as shown on (

Results for Test of Hypothesis
Results ATM = (.276), CITI = (.140), IA = (.419) .The model was tested with regression analysis and findings were extracted, the regression model equation below was extracted. Results from Summary of Hypothesis Test y = α + β 1 X 1 + β 2 X 2 +β 3 X 3 + e Y' = A predicted value of Y (which is dependant variable). α = the value of Y when X is equal to zero. This is also called the "Y Intercept". β = the change in Y for each 1 increment change in X. (X1 X2) = an X score on independent variable for which the study is trying to predict a value of Y. X= independent variable (X, X2, X3, X4)) e = Residual or error terms (represent by e) y = α + β 1 (MNO) + β 2 (ATM) +β 3

Conclusion
The sample of partial correlation for Mobile Network Operation was generally the least performed. This study is similar with that done by Wang et al., 2012), which established that the Internet access provider is an important factor in the establishment and maintenance on Financial Employee savings. The employee saving support comes mainly from the Internet access and Mobile Network Operation which are reliable services to ATM operations (Zhang et al., 2015).
Results confirms the effectiveness and higher criteria above 0.5 (Mediocre level) and moderate validation analysis that indicated that the ATM and CITI have strong support on the applicability of Employee savings. MNO and IA posted lower values closer to the cut off threshold, hence strongly threatening Employee savings. Similar studies done by Yi el at., (2012) argue that the inclusion of some unnecessary predictors as a tool on Employee savings, end up changing the meaning or replicate the findings. Similar studies have also found ATM to be nonsignificant in predicting employee savings (See Cheng, Liu and Qian 2010 ; Wu, Tao and Yang 2010).

Recommendations
Banks needs to focus on attention at a lower cadre of employees in both private and employees who are critical mass and who are involved in daily financial transactions. There is need for commercial banks to carry out for research on Capacity of IT Infrastructure, which should involve the training on basic bank stockholders in collaboration with local tea producers in order to harness the ready market of the would be clients.