A STUDY ON GRATIFICATION OF MIGRANT EMPLOYEES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TIRUPUR GARMENT INDUSTRY

“Quality of Work Life" is a term that had been used to describe the broader job-related experience an individual has. Quality of Work Life and major related concepts are gratification, workplace stress and quality of life. This study reveals that gratification is the major motivating factor responsible for Quality of work life. Gratification in the organization significantly differs from one organization to the other, one department to the other and even from one unit to the other depending upon the various factors influencing in the organization. Gratification and satisfaction refers to the result of various attitude possessed by an employee. The main objective of doing the study is to understand what job satisfaction means to employees. It helps to understand how good working conditions help employees to work more efficiently. It is all about employee involvement, which consists of methods to motivate employees to participate in decision making. This helps in building good relationships. This paper is a means to appreciate the nitty-gritty involved in employee’s relationship with the organization and employers.


INTRODUCTION
"Migrants keep moving forward, opening new doors and doing new things, because they are curious and curiosity leads them to new paths. They do their best, give their best and know that in doing so they will enhance the quality of their work life".
Migration is a process of movement of an individual or a group of people from one region to another. Interstate migration is a livelihood strategy; people have started to cross the boundaries in search of better job opportunities. Today, the textiles industry has an overwhelming presence in the economic life of India. It plays a pivotal role through its contribution to industrial output, Http://www.granthaalayah.com ©International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] employment generation, and the export earnings of the country. Most of the employees in garment sectors are migrants. Garment exporters are adopting long run strategies to achieve greater sophistication in planning and flexibility in operations to respond quickly to market shifts through migrated workers. Migrated workers are right choice to the Garments exporters for establishing their manufacture schedules closer to the selling period based on quick response strategy that links apparel retailing and manufacturing operations to make available the right product at right time. The main push factors influencing the internal migration are water logging, famine, drought, land fragmentation, river bank erosion, family and personal problems. The main pull factors are the desire to earn more, to acquire new skills, to gain new experiences, the thirst of freedom and equality. The violations of the rights of migrant workers start at home by agents and agencies of recruitment in the sending states. As many of the migrant workers come from rural region these migrant have very little access to and knowledge of pre-departure information.
The migrant workers are facing some common problems like, poor accommodations, work without holidays, lack of health care, food problems, seizure of personal documents, contract substitution, irregular job placement, low wage rates, pathetic work conditions and lack of payment for overtime. Wages for migrant workers vary from sector to sector and region to region. Hence this study aims to find out the gratification and satisfaction of migrant employees in Tirupur garment industry.

JOB SATISFACTION
The major related concept of Quality of Working Life is Job satisfaction. Satisfaction is a psychological factor. It cannot be seen and cannot quantify. But its expression in human mind is understandable. When an employee is satisfied with his assigned task and can discharge his actions satisfactorily, it is called 'job satisfaction'. It is the combination of psychological, physiological and environmental circumstances that cause a person to truthfully say, "I am satisfied with my job". Employees job satisfaction can be promoted by providing them with rewards, job security and growth opportunities.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Tirupur is facing a crisis in terms of excessive mobile population as well as frequent migrants from other parts of the State and the country. The basic infrastructure facilities like roads, drinking water, recreational space, adequate housing for migrant workers are missing adding further woes for workforce which survives in an already dampened working conditions in most of the small and medium knitting, stitching, packing, compacting, dyeing and bleaching units of this region. Migrant worker's wages and expenditures are not in balance, so often they fall in debt. Expenditures in terms of drinking water during summer, payment of rent during off season or low garment production seasons, children's education, frequent shifting of house on account of rising house rent and medical expenses due to both work related physical stress. Also, the enrollment rates of migrant workers under ESI scheme is very low compared to the regular workers from the same city. This will further insist on the necessity for conducting a research for improving the status of migrant workers in the garment city. This study is an attempt to know about the job satisfaction of the migrant employees in Tirupur City.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1) To study the demographic factors of the migrant employees working in the Tirupur garment industry. 2) To study the various factors those are influencing the job satisfaction and in turn influencing the quality work life of migrant employees in Tirupur city. 3) To study the problems faced by the migrant employees in the Tirupur garment industry. 4) To offer suggestions and recommendations to enrich the job satisfaction among the migrant garment employees in Tirupur City

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research design used for the study is a descriptive research design. The main characteristic of this method is that the researcher has no control over the variables. It is only record of the feeling of employees towards their work life.
In this study non-probability sampling procedure is used, under this convenience sampling method is adopted. The total sample size constitutes of 300 migrant garment employees in Tirupur City.

Data source Primary data Research Approach Survey Research Instrument
Interview Schedule cum Questionnaire Method of Conduct Personal

Tools for analysis:
The primary and secondary data were presented in the form of tables and these tables were systematically analyzed with the aid of some statistical techniques like percentage, weighted average and Henry Garrett Ranking Technique.  4 , in his study the job satisfaction among bank employees of public sector and cooperative banks in Shimla town were discussed. He analyzed the job satisfaction of the employees with regard to the performance of organizing their attitude morale. The study concluded that a significant relationship existed between the given salary and job satisfaction. The officers belonging to rural back ground were more satisfied as compared to urban cities due to their fewer needs. 5 , job satisfaction and quality of work life go hand in hand when talked about real satisfaction since one is the outcome of other. The basic objective of the study was to determine the gender difference in term of satisfaction with quality of work life between male and female workers. Also attempt is made to measure the level of quality of work life among the employees is made. It focus on measures like job monotony, un clarity in goals, employee attrition, and role stress need to be properly handled.  The factors such as leave facilities, resting time, incentives, bonus and motivation are below 3.48 such as 3.06, 3.11, 3.16, 2.69 and 3.45 respectively therefore these factors are dissatisfied by the respondents. Most of the respondents are having family problems which ranked first by the employee with total score of 5761 points.

Suggestions for the gratification Factors
 Training and development should be routine in the company environment. Regular training program will help the employees to improve the technical skills and in turn increase the job satisfaction.  Employee's problems can be solved by grievance procedure. It provides employees a formalized means of emotional release for their dissatisfactions. Even if a worker does not use the grievance system for his own emotional release in a particular situation, he feels better because he knows the system is there to use if he wants to do so. It builds within him a sense of emotional security and helps to increase the employee empowerment in Organization.  To promote human relations, the work environment should be able to meet the needs of its workers such as minimum control and supervision, opportunity for maximum expression of one's abilities and skills, detailed knowledge about one self and about job.  The quality of company functions will be improved, when its member's functions as groups under participative management and job sharing method.  During the production the supervisors can ask workers about their own ideas in doing the particular work apart from the regular process followed in the company, it leads to the workers to be loyal to the management.  Regular Break intervals and flexibility of work schedule should be assigned to the employees. If the organizations are willing to provide the refreshment to the workers, then 20 minutes can be save per day, by avoiding the slow starting of the works.

S. No
Problems faced by the migrant employees

SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
This project made an attempt to study the gratification of migrant employees in garment industry with special reference to Tirupur City. Also, it is possible to extend the research for migrant male and migrant female employees, concentrating on each gender by analyzing the migration impact on their life separately. There is a wide scope for the further migration study from the people moving from villages to cities, cities to states, states to countries, national to international level and vice versa. The impact of garment industry in the psychological, physiological, Welfare and social well-being of the migrant employees, the role of migrant employee participation in the concerned industry for the economic development of our country and the global economic impact for the same could be considered in detail for further analysis and Research.

CONCLUSION
A study on gratification and satisfaction of migrant employees in the garment industry is the degree to which the employees in an organization feel safety, security and satisfaction with various factors. The study is most useful to determine the job satisfaction factors affecting the migrant employees in the Garment industry. When migrant labour is hired in a formal way with formal contract it gives safety and security. But when they are hired in an informal and casual way it results in low pay, insecurity and poor conditions. In the whole study about the garment industry in Tirupur city the researcher found overall management welfare measures was satisfactory in nature. Minor changes need in the point of migrant employee well wish. Only smaller level of administration reforms are needed in overall observation.