SOIL WORMS POPULATION IN VARIOUS LITTLE QUALITY (C, N, C / N, LIGNIN, AND POLYPHENOL) (CASE STUDY ON AGROFORESTRY LAND IN KELIMUTU NATIONAL PARK, ENDE REGENCY- INDONESIA)

The agricultural business that is applied to the agroforestry system in Kelimutu National Park causes differences in the quality of organic matter of plants and earthworm populations, which have consequences for soil environmental services. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the earthworm population and the quality of plant organic matter in various agroforestry systems, intensive agriculture, and secondary forests. Sampling of organic matter from plants and earthworms was carried out in January July 2016 (in the rainy season) in Agroforestry land: Clove (AF CK), Cocoa (AF KK), Candlenut (AF KM), Coffee (AF KM) ) compared to intensive agricultural land (monoculture vegetable crops) and secondary forests (SPL-HS), with 3 times repetition. Variables observed were in addition to the number of earthworms found and biomass worms (monolith sampling), also observed the quality of plant organic matter (C (Walkley and black), N (Kjeldahl), Lignin, and Polyphenol (Goering and Van Soest)) (Quadrants). The survey results show that the population of earthworms in SPL-AF is as low as the population in SPL-HS, an average of 3 m-2, while in the SPL-PI the average is only 0.24 m-2. Earthworm biomass in AF is about 69% smaller than worms found in SPL-HS; average earthworm biomass in SPL-AF 15 gm-2 while in SPL-HS an average of 47 gm-2; and the smallest worm biomass found in SPL-PI averaging around 2.3 gm-2. The average quality of organic matter of C-org plants in all SSTs was 38% to 50%, the highest C-org content of AF-CK, AF-KP and SPL-HS were significantly different (p <0.05) with C levels that were others (39% on average). The N and lignin levels of all plant organic matter are the same (P> 0.05), the average is 1.36% and 41.13%, respectively. The C / N ratio in AF CK and HS is the same at an average of 52.78% or 58 times higher than AF KK, AF KM, and AF KP, the average is 31.11% The polyphenolic levels of different plant organic matter significant (p <0.05) between SPL. The highest levels of polyphenols were on average 17.5% found in plant organic matter AF CK and SPL HS, while plant organic matter in other fields averaged 3.4%. Plant organic matter with polyphenol content> 2% will slow decay.


Introduction
Indicator of soil fertility can be seen from the biological nature (the presence of earthworms) (Sagita et al., 2014). The changing nature of soil biology depends on the application of the selected agricultural land management system. According to (Giller et al., 1996) Management of agricultural land which is monoculture affects the earthworm population density of 85 m-2, but in mixed gardens as much as 150 m-2 or 56% higher (Hairiah et al., 2004, ) This is due to the diversity of plants that are planted low, so it directly affects the quality of litter which is an organic plant material (Dewi et al., 2006).
As a food source for earthworms, plant organic matter is considered important, it is not only quantity but the quality that can inhibit the population of earthworms. like C, N, C / N ratio, Lignin, and Polyphenol. (Setiawan, et al., 2003.) Different chemical contents allegedly can affect earthworm populations with different decomposition rates, the results can be in the form of nutrients and other mineral elements. Earthworms are decomposers whose populations are related to the availability of plant organic matter (Fragoso et al., 1999).
The fast and slow process of decomposition of plant organic matter is influenced by the C, N, C / N ratio, Lignin and Polyphenol (Setiawan. et al., 2003). The higher these elements will slow down the decomposition process (Hairiah et al., 2006a). This study aims to evaluate the differences in the quality of organic matter of plants against earthworm populations in agroforestry land in the buffer zone of the Kelimutu National Park.

Material and Method
The experiment was conducted in a buffer zone of the National Park. Kelimutu, Kelimutu District, Ende Regency. Identification and quantification of earthworms as well as the analysis of plant organic matter variables are carried out in the Lab. Biology and Chemistry Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya university, Malang-Indonesia.
The materials used are clean water, 70% alcohol, and 4% formalin to clean and preserve earthworms, analysis of plant organic matter content used equates, potassium carbonate (K2Cr2O7), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), iron sulfate (FeSO4) 0.5 N, mixed salt Se, NaOH, Na2CO3, 17%, raw HCL, K2SO4. The instrument used is a binocular microscope, petri dish, skewed, sorting tray, and worm identification key soil. This experiment used a nested sampling design with six treatments and three replications.

Population of Earthworms (P) (tail m -2 )
Earthworm populations differ significantly (p <0.001) between SPL and between depths in SPL-HS and SPL-AF Earthworm populations tend to be the same as the average of 3 tails m -2 whereas SPL-HS was significantly different (p <0.001) from SPL-PI, or 91.6% more in SPL-HS than in SPL-PI. For earthworm populations in the SPL-AF only found 8.4% or the average population of 2 m -2 . Table 2 Earthworm populations predominate at a depth of 0-10 cm in each SPL compared to 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in depth. The average number of earthworms found in the depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm were 2 m -2 and 0.07 m -2 respectively, while at a depth of 20-30 cm no earthworms were found. The reduced population of earthworms in the subsoil is thought to be due to the reduced availability of feed and air circulation. (Hairiah et al., 2004)

Earthworm Biomass (B) (g m -2 )
Earthworm biomass in each SPL showed very significant differences (P <0.001), the highest earthworm biomass found in the SPL-HS average was 47.4 g m -2 or 31% higher than the earthworm biomass in SPL-AF 14, 9 g m -2 whereas in SPL-PI earthworm biomass is 69% smaller than in SPL-HS or around 2.27 g m -2 or 20 times lower than SPL-HS and 6 times less than earthworm biomass in SPL -AF. The biomass: population (B / P) ratio was not significantly different (P> 0.05) between SPL, the mean for B / P was 0.42 (Table 2) Table 3).