DETERMINATION OF ELECTRIC FIELD IN TERMS OF CURRENT AND CHARGE BY THE CONTINUITY EQUATION APPROACH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.885Keywords:
Electric Fields, Current Density, Charge Density, Continuity Equation ApproachAbstract [English]
To determine an expression for the electric field in terms of current density and charge density is used the continuity equation approach. In this approach, the expression of electric field using scalar and vector potential relates the charge density and current density. The major consequence of these equations is that they visualize how varying electric fields propagate at the speed of light. In Maxwell's electrodynamics, formulated as it is in terms of charge and current densities, a point charge must be regarded as the limit of an extended charge, when the size goes to zero. Hence, the total electric field at the point P is
Downloads
References
Bazelyan, E. M., & Raizer, Y. P. (2000). Lightning Physics and Lightning Protection. london: Institute of Physics Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1887/0750304774
Adhikari, P. B., Sharma, S. R., & Baral, K. N. (2016). Features of positive ground flashes observed in Kathmandu Nepal. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 145, 106-113. homepage: www.elsevier.com/ locate/jastp DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2016.04.016
Adhikari, P. B., Sharma, S. R., Baral, K. N., & Rakov V.A. (2017). Unusual lightning electric field waveforms observed in Kathmandu, Nepal, and Uppsala, Sweden (2017); Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 164, 172-184. homepage: www.elsevier.com/ locate/jastp
Adhikari, P. B., Bhandari, B (2017). Computation of Electric Field from Lightning Discharges; International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 8, Issue 9, 147 ISSN 2229-5518.
Adhikari, P.B. (2017). Features of ground flashes before and after the massive earthquake observed from Kathmandu, Nepal. Journal of Nepal Physical Society, Volume 4, Issue 1, 11-22, (2017), ISSN: 2392-473X.
Thottappillil, R., Uman, M., & Rakov, V. (1998). Treatment of retardation effects in calculating the radiated electromagnetic fields from the lightning discharge. Journal of Geophsical Research, 103 (D8), 9003-9013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD02941
Thottappillil, R., Rakov, V. A., & Uman, M. A. (1997). Distribution of charge along the lightning channel: Relation to remote electric and magnetic fields and to return-stroke models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102 (D6), 6987-7006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03344
Thottappillil, R., Schoene, J., & Uman, M. (2001). Return stroke transmission line model for stroke speed near and equal that of light. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, pp. 3593-3596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013029
Chalmers, J. A. (1965). The so-called "induction" component in the electric field of a lightning discharge. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestial Physics, 27 (9), 1027-1028.
Shao, X. M. (2016). Generalization of the lightning electromagentic equations of Uman, Mclain, and Krieder based on Jefimenko equation, Journal of Geophysical Research, 121, 3363- 3371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024717
Nickolaenko, A. P., & Hayakawa, M. (1998). Electric fields produced by lightning discharge. Journal of Geophysical research: atmospheres, 103 (D14), 17175-17189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD01163
Chalmers, J. A. (1965). The so-called "induction" component in the electric field of a lightning discharge. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestial Physics, 27 (9), 1027-1028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(65)90144-3
Thottappillil, R., & Rakov, V. A. (2001). On different approaches to calculating lightning electric fields. Journal of GeoPhysical research, 106 (NO. D13), 14191-14205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900150
Adhikari, P. B., (2017), analyzing the components of lightning electric field. GoldenGate Journal of Science & Technology, 3, 22 – 26. ISSN 2505 -0656.
Adhikari, P. B., (2018), Time Varying Electric and Magnetic Fields from Lightning Discharge. International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Science. Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 50-55.
Adhikari, P. B., Bhandari, B, (2018), Jefimenko Equations in Computation of Electromagnetic Fields for Lightning Discharges. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research. Volume 9, Issue 6, pp 1678 - 1687, ISSN 2229-5518.
Griffith, D. (1999). Introduction to Electrodynamics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
Jefimenko, O. (1966). Electricity and Magnetism. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Jefimenko, O. (1989). Electricity and Magnetism. Star City, West Virginia: Electret Scientific.
Cooray, V. (2003). The Lightning Flash. The Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), London. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/PBPO034E
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
