DARK ENERGY AND THE ACCELERATING UNIVERSE: CHALLENGES IN COSMOLOGY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i5.2017.5982Keywords:
Dark Energy, Cosmological Constant, Accelerating Universe, General Relativity, Cosmic Microwave Background, Supernova Observations, Large-Scale Structure, Quintessence, Modified Gravity, ΛCDM Model, Hubble Constant, Cosmic Acceleration, Redshift, Universe Expansion, Equation of StateAbstract [English]
The discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe has reshaped our understanding of cosmology, introducing dark energy as a dominant yet enigmatic component of the cosmos. Observations from Type Ia supernovae, cosmic microwave background radiation, and large-scale galaxy distributions provide strong evidence that the universe's expansion is accelerating, contradicting earlier expectations of a decelerating cosmos. Theoretical models, including the cosmological constant (Λ) and quintessence, attempt to explain dark energy, but its fundamental nature remains elusive. This mysterious force raises profound questions about the validity of Einstein’s General Relativity on cosmic scales and challenges our understanding of fundamental physics. Dark energy's implications extend to the ultimate fate of the universe, influencing scenarios such as eternal expansion, the Big Rip, or modifications to gravity itself. Future research, including next-generation space telescopes and improved large-scale structure surveys, aims to unravel this cosmic puzzle, offering new insights into the universe’s fundamental forces.
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