Awareness and Utilization of Library Resources and Service Among the Users of Taluk Public Libraries in Kolar District: A Study

 

Jyoti G Naregal ¹, Pallavi L B ²

 

¹ Assistant Librarian SJVP Degree College and P.G. Center, Harihar

² Research Scholar Department of Library and Information Science, Bangalore University, JB Campus, Bangalore, India

 

1. INTRODUCTION

A public library is regarded as more than just a place where people can read for pleasure, including poetry, drama, fiction, newspapers, and popular magazines. It is also regarded as an intellectual powerhouse that works to satisfy the material needs of its patrons in the areas of education, culture, and information. It meets people's diverse requirements irrespective of their race, color, creed, age, sex, status, level of education, or language. A public library serves as a "People's University" with the main goal of offering services and information resources to all facets of society. It meets people's diverse requirements irrespective of their race, color, creed, age, sex, status, level of education, or language. A public library serves as a "People's University" with the main goal of offering services and information resources to all facets of society. With the development of knowledge, technology, and awareness of the value of libraries, the idea of a public library has changed significantly in the modern day. Apart from print books and magazines, the majority of public libraries nowadays offer a vast range of alternative media, such as e-books, audio books, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, and DVDs, along with Internet access.

 

1.1.  Information Resources Concept, Meaning and Definitions

Information resources are "the data, technology, people, and processes that are available within an organization and that the manager can use to perform business processes and tasks." Because of this, the following are particular instances of resources that may be found in organizations and Higher Education (HE) systems:  The Oxford English Dictionary states that the word "information" originally meant "to inform," or "to give form or shape to the mind," as in education, instruction, or training. Information resources are defined as the data and information that an organization uses.  

 

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Balasubramaniyan, M., &Karuppiah, K. (2023). the study is a survey method and covers 120 users were randomly selected. Data were collected using questionnaires. The majority of the respondents belong to male than female, most of the respondents belong to the category of age 20-35, Most of the respondents preferred to read Dinathanthi, purpose of use of library for reading newspaper, most of the respondents read by different types of sports materials, 75 (62.5)%) of respondent’s state that available in library collections  one third of the respondents finding of materials and information searching in library by seeking the help of library staff. Over all conclusions is users are satisfied with the collections.[1]

Kishor, N., &Bhakt, V. (2023) this paper based on the survey of District public library, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan mainly focuses on the services provided by District Public Library, Jhunjhunu and satisfaction level of the patrons towards these services. The study thus designed a Descriptive questionnaire and applied random Sampling Technique among 300 users of the library. Out of which 250 questionnaires were received from respondents. Overall findings say that services providing is somehow satisfactory but still need to develop and explore their services to end users.[2]

Gurumurthy, K. (2023) the researcher gathered primary data from the research scholars by means of a survey and a questionnaire for this study. Hussain2. The analysis reveals that the researchers who are carrying out their studies are pleased with the library's resources and services, and the researchers also suggested that the library should acquire the most recent editions of books, including a reference collection.[3]

Killedar, S. A., &Hande, S. (2023). The present study focused for the analysis are public library services, extension activities, periods of extension activities and the availability of ICT facilities to draw the valid findings. The analysis reveals that CAS services are preferably provided by (66.66 %) of libraries. Most of the libraries carried out extension activities such as book exhibitions and cultural programmes annually. Further, it is noticed that only 17.77% of libraries have the availability of computers.[4]

Haider, M. S., Ya, C., & Hussain, M. (2023) The data was collected from the heads of the libraries through questionnaire, and then it was analysed. Most libraries’ heads were LIS professionals; however, many were operated by nonprofessional employees. It was also identified that most libraries did not offer some common services such as document reservation services, OPAC, indexing and abstracting services, interlibrary loans, SDI and audio-visual services, scanning and CD/DVD writing facilities. Since this is the first study of its kind, its findings could prove useful to the government of Pakistan in improving public library service.[5]

Kasthuri, S., Radha, G., &Thirumagal, A. (2022) The current assessment looks at how the public uses the District Central Library in Tirunelveli and how mindfully they are aware of libraries. It was distributed to 150 patrons of the public library, and 120 of them completed it, with an 80% response rate. According to the assessment, the majority of male clientele (79%), or almost 40% of respondents, have a four-year college degree, followed by post-graduate degrees. A greater proportion of respondents—55% of whom are in the 20–30 age range—are bookkeepers.[6]

Afzal, M., & Ahmad, P. (2022). To carry out the objectives of the study, a semi structured paper questionnaire using a modified Likert-type scale is administered personally by the principal researcher. Responses from one hundred (100) users are obtained employing a non-probability (accidental, voluntary) sampling technique. The majority of users show their satisfaction against all the variables. The users in open-ended comments suggest further improvement in facilities and services. This study may be helpful for the NLP administration to plan and proceed accordingly. Other national libraries especially in developing countries like Pakistan may also conduct user satisfaction surveys to assess their resources following the example of this study.[7]

Mushtaq, A., & Arshad, A. (2022) study is based on investigation on the users of most frequent and least frequent activities in the library. Qualitative research design and survey method is used to collect the data. 384 questionnaires are distributed to the users of selected public libraries.301 questionnaires were returned. The major findings are users are frequently used the libraries for reading and examination purpose. But they rarely or don’t use eBooks, photocopy services catalogue etc.[8]

Hussain, M., Parveen, A., &Faqir, K. (2022) The study is based on the problems faced by the libraries in order to deliver the services and resources to the users. The qualitative nature and survey method is used to collect the form the users from the 30 public libraries. the final result is most of the heads of libraries is non-profession’s and most of the libraries maintain few staff. Most of the resources are inadequate. The major problem is lack of training opportunity and integrated library software etc.[9]

Munshi, S. A., & Ansari, M. A. (2021) the study is focused on staff as well as services against the backdrop of collection development policy. It also investigated the problems faced by librarians and suggested measures to overcome these difficulties. They used quantitative and qualitative methods – to obtain the data. However, the data collection was a survey method using a structured questionnaire. The interviews also conducted to collect subjective data.[10]

 

3.  Need and purpose of the study

The study's primary goal was to find out how much people knew about the resources and services that the Taluk Public Library offered. They can use the services in their daily lives if they are aware of them. How satisfied are patrons with the way the library's materials and services are used and accessible? Because they provide free services, public libraries are the libraries of the people. By analyzing how well these resources are being used, one may determine how much information is being consumed by communities.

According to previous research, the majority of taluk branch libraries struggle with a shortage of information resources and services, as well as a shortage of trained staff to encourage patrons to raise awareness. Additionally, patron satisfaction with taluk public library facilities is low. 

 

4. Statement of the Problem

“Awareness And Utilization of Library Resources and Services Among the Users of Taluk Public Libraries in Kolar District: A Study”

 

5. Scope and Limitation of the study

 In the process of collection of data have used survey method of research and a well-designed and structured questionnaire were used to collected data from public library users. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed to users, collected data will be tabulated and interpreted to arrive at the valid inferences and conclusions. This study is confined to the awareness and use of information resources and services among the users of taluk public library in Kolar district. The scope of the present study is limited to the taluk library in Kolar. The limitation of the study is covered five taluk branch public libraries in Kolar district selected total of 150 users of public library. For each 30 well-designed questionnaires for each taluk public library to analyse the data.

 

6. Methodology     

Research is a systematic study which contains several steps to reach a conclusion of a specific problem. Scientific study includes identifying problem, framing objectives and valid research hypothesis, collecting data and analysis of obtained data using appropriate methods and finding results and suggestions to solve the problem. Before starting the research, it is important to finalize the tools and techniques used in the research, it helps to smooth and hassle-free research. These are making the study scientific. Here Research method, Steps tools and techniques are elaborated in this chapter. The Present study was based on the survey method, questionnaire personal interviews are used to collect the data and MS excel were used for show the result of data/ Analyse the data

 

7. Objectives of the Study

The main objectives of this study are as follows

1)     To study the various information resources and services used by the taluk public library users of Kolar District.

2)     To know the user frequency of visit to the taluk public libraries.

3)     To find out the purpose of visit to the Taluk library.

4)     To find out the user awareness towards the library services. 

5)     To ascertain the user’s satisfaction level about library collection.

6)     To examine user’s opinion regarding accessibility of reading materials.

7)     To analyse the satisfaction level of users with the overall functioning of the taluk public library.

 

8.  Data Analysis and Interpretation

Table 1

Table 1 Response Distribution of Questionnaire
No of Questionnaire Distributed	No of Questionnaire Received	%
150	130	86.67%

 

The above Table 1 shows that overall distributed and collected among the Users of the Taluk Public Library Distributed 150 questionnaires 130(86.67%) are received among them. 

Figure 1

Figure 1 Response Distribution of Questionnaire

 

Table 2

Table 2 Distribution of Respondents by Gender Wise
Sl. No	Gender	Number of responses	%
1	Male	95	73.07
2	Female	35	26.92
Total		130	100

 

This gender wise analysis helps to understand how different gender respondents aware and using the library services and resources in taluk public libraries. Table 2 shows that, among the respondents 95(73.07%) of them are males and 35(26.92%) are female. It concludes that among all male respondents are more than female respondents.

Figure 2

Figure 2 Distribution of Respondents by Gender

 

Table 3

Table 3 Distribution of Respondents by Age
Sl. No	Age	Respondents	%
1	Bellow 15 Years	15	11.54
2	16-25	30	23.07
3	26-35	15	11.54
4	36-45	12	9.24
5	46-55	52	40
6	55 and above	6	4.61
Total		130	100

 

Respondents were distributed across into six categories such as bellow 15 years, 16-25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, 55 and above. In this analysis of different age group respondents as shown in the Table 4.1.2. Among the respondents of the age group Bellow 15 years covers 15(11.5%), 16-25 age group covers 30(23.07%), 26 to 35 group contains 15(11.53%), 36-45 group covers 12(9.23%), 46-55 group covers 52(40%), and 55 above age covers 6(4.61%). It understood that the majority of the respondents are matching the age group of 46-55 contain 52 (40%) years when compared to the other groups. The most of the taluk public library users in Kolar district is retired employees, and second one is students around the library.

Figure 3

Figure 3 Distribution of Respondents by Age

 

Table 4

Table 4 Distribution of respondents by Education
Sl. No	Education	Respondents	%
1	SSLC	10	7.69
2	PUC	10	7.69
3	Degree	70	53.85
4	Post Graduate	40	30.77
Total		130	100

 

The above table shows that respondents by their education qualification. It is observed that, the majority 70(53.5%) of the respondents are Degree, 40(30.7%) of the respondents are Post graduates, 10(7.69%) of the respondents are PUC and SSLC students. When compared to the others the students are more likely using Kolar taluk and District central library. Degree students are more likely using the taluk libraries, PUC and degree colleges contains their own libraries. The post graduate students using libraries to perceive govt. jobs.

Figure 4

Figure 4 Distribution of Respondents by Education

 

Table 5

Table 5 Distribution of Respondents by Occupation
Sl. No	Occupation	Respondents	%
1	Student	89	68.47
2	Private employee	5	3.85
3	Govt. employee	25	19.23
4	House wife	6	4.61
5	Agriculture	5	3.84
Total		130	100

 

The above table shows that the respondents by their occupation. It is observed that, there are six categories are there. 89(86.46%) Of the respondents are students, 5(3.84%) of the respondents are private employees, 25(19.23%) of the respondents are Govt Employees, 6(4.61%) are house wife’s, 5(3.84%) of formers are   there. From the table it shows that the majority of the respondents are the students second most users are Govt employees who are retired now. When we compared to the other occupations the students are more likely using the taluk public libraries in Kolar.

Figure 5

Figure 5 Distribution of Respondents by Occupation

 

Table 6  

Table 6 Marriage Status of the Respondents
Sl. No	Marriage status	Responses	%
1	Married	48	36.92
2	Un Married	82	63.08
Total		130	100

 

The above table declared that the respondents are based on the marriage status of the respondents who use the public library. Among the total 130 respondents there are 48(36.92%) of the respondents are married, and 82(63.07%) of respondents are Unmarried. This concludes that the majority of the users are unmarried of 82 (63.07%). The unmarried people are majority students of different    education qualification. the married despondent are majority are job people. 

Table 7

Table 7 User’s Frequency of Visit to the taluk Public Library
Sl. No	Visit	Respondents	%
1	Daily	98	75.39
2	Twice a Week	12	9.23
3	Weekly	2	1.54
4	Monthly	10	7.69
5	Rarely	8	6.15
Total		130	100

 

The frequency of library visit by the respondents is presented in the above table.  It understood that the frequency of daily visit is 98(75.38%), Twice a week is 12(9.23%), Weekly is 2(1.53%), Monthly visit is 10(7.69%), and rarely is 8(6.15%). It is clear from the table that; majority of respondents visits the library daily representing 75.38%. About 12 respondents visit twice in a week. And 10 respondents visit monthly, and eight respondents visit occasionally.

Figure 6

Figure 6 Distribution of Respondents by Frequency of Visit to the Taluk Public Library

 

Table 8

Table 8 Distribution of Respondents by time spend in the library in each visit
Sl. No	Time Spends in Library	Responses	%
1	Less than one hour	20	15.38
2	1-2 hours	20	15.38
3	3-4 hours	40	30.77
4	more than 4 hours	50	38.47
Total		130	100

 

The above Table 8 says that how users spend their time is spend in taluk libraries. Less than 1 hour 20(15.38%), 1-2 hours is 20(15.38%), 3-4 hours 40(30.76%), more than 4 hours 50(38.46%) are spending their time in the public library. It concluded that the majority of the users are spend more than 4 hours to prepare for Govt. jobs or to crack other competitive exams. from 1to 2 hours spend their time in reading newspapers etc. 

Table. 9

Table 9 Distribution of Respondents by Internet facility
Sl. No	Internet Facility	Respondents	%
1	Yes	70	53.85
2	No	60	46.15
Total		130	100

 

The Table 9 says that the internet facility is available or not. 70(53.84%) of respondents says that the public library has internet facility in their location, and 60(46.15%) of the respondents are conclude they doesn’t even know about the internet facility is there in their library. The majority of the respondents aware about the library services of number 70. 

Table 10

Table 10 Distribution of Respondents by Purpose to Visit the Taluk Public Library
Sl. No	Purpose	Respondents	%
1	To read newspaper and magazine’s	90	69.23
2	To borrow/return books	5	3.85
3	To refer dictionary encyclopaedias and reference sources	5	3.85
4	To spend leisure time	30	23.08
Total		130	100

 

The Table 10 show the different users visit the public library for different purpose. The primary data collected with regard to purpose visit public library. As shown in the table each purpose asked to the users with multiple answers. To read newspapers and magazines have 90(69.23%), out of 130 respondents, to borrow/return books 5(3.84%), Refer dictionary, encyclopaedias and reference sources 5(3.84%), Spend leisure time 30(23.07%), for the employment information the users are not aware of that services so don’t use the services out of 130 respondents is prepare for competitive exams. In this we can say that maximum users are using public libraries for reading books, reading newspapers and magazines and for competitive examinations.

Figure 7

Figure 7 Distribution of Respondents by Purpose to Visit the Taluk Public Library

 

Table 11

Table 11 Distribution of Respondents by Utilisation of Resources of Taluk Public Library
Sl.	Information Sources	Utilisation		Total
No		Yes	No
1	General Books	90 -69.23%	40 -30.77%	130(100%)
2	Dictionaries	69 -53.08%	61 -46.92%	130(100%)
3	Newspapers	96 -73.85%	34 -26.15%	130(100%)
4	Magazines	40 -30.77%	90 -69.23%	130(100%)
5	Biographical Sources	67 -51.54%	63 -48.46%	130(100%)
6	Fictions	37 -28.46%	93 -71.54%	130(100%)

 

The above table shows that various resources that taluk public libraries are been utilized by the users. Out of 130 respondents  90(69.23%) of respondents using generalbooks,40(30.76%) of respondents not  using general books.69(53.07%) of respondents are refer dictionaries and 61(46.92%) are not .96(73.84%) of  the respondents Reading newspapers and 34(26.15%) are not reading nawspapers.40(30.76%) of the respondents are reading magazines, and 90(69.23%) are not using because of lack required sources.67(51.53%) of the respondents using biographical sources, and 63(48.46%) are not being used or they know they are present in the library 37(28.46%) of respondents are reading fictions and 93(71.53%) are not. Manuals, Geographical sources, directories, encyclopaedias, year books are not available in the library. It concludes that the majority of the respondents says that newspapers, books, fictions, magazines are used or the users says it is available in taluk public libraries.

Table 12  

Table 12 Distribution of Respondents by Satisfaction of the Taluk Library Collections available
Sl. No	Collections	Satisfaction Level
		Highly Satisfied	Satisfied	Not Satisfied
1	Books	36(27.69%)	77(59.23%)	17(13.08%)
2	Children's Book	20(15.38%)	30(23.08%)	80(61.54%)
3	Reference books	98(75.38%)	22(16.92%)	10(7.69%)
4	Journals	10(7.69%)	10(7,69%)	110(84.62%)
5	Magazines	38(29.23%)	44(33.85%)	48(36.92%)
6	Newspapers	110(84.62%)	20(15.38%)	10(7.69%)

 

The satisfaction of level of the available collections/ sources in taluk libraries to users can divide widely depending on the quality and quantity of the available Collections, for books is 36(27.69%) highly satisfied, 77(59.23%) satisfied, 17(13.07%) of not satisfied. For Children’s books 20(15.38%) of highly satisfied, 30(23.07%) of satisfied, and about 80(61.53%) of not satisfied. For Reference books 98(75.38%) of highly satisfied, 22(16.925) of satisfied, 10(7.69%) do not satisfied respondents. For Journals 10(7.69%) of highly satisfied, 10(7,69%) of satisfied, and 110(84.61%) are not satisfied. For Magazines 38(29.23%) of highly satisfied, 44(33.84%) of satisfied, 48(36.92%). For newspapers110(84.61%) of highly satisfied, 20(15.38%) of satisfied and 10(7.69%) of respondents are not satisfied. The audio-visual materials are not available in taluk public libraries.

Table 13

Table 13 Distribution of Respondents by Awareness of Taluk Library Services
Sl. No	Library Services	Awareness
		Yes	No
1	Book borrowing	102	28
	Services	-78.46%	-21.53%
2	Bibliographic Services	16	11
		-12.30%	4(87.69%)
3	Reference Services	112	18
		-86.15%	-13.84%
4	Computer and Internet	20 -15.38%	110 -84.61%
Total		130(100%)

 

As shown in the table we understood that the users are aware of the different services provided by the taluk public library the library services are like Book borrowing services 102(78.46%) of the respondents say Yes and 28(21.53%) respondents say no. For Bibliographic services 16(12.30%) of the respondents are aware and say Yes and 114(87.69%) respondents are not aware of that service. For Reference services 112(86.15%) of the respondents are say Yes and 18(13.84%) respondents are saying No. For Computer and Internet Services 20(15.38%) of the users say Yes and 110(84.61%) of the respondents say No. other services like xerox service and user education services are not provided by the taluk public library so users are not aware about those services. The majority of the service is used by the respondents is reference service of112 respondents.

 Table 14

Distribution Respondents by difficulties facing while using information sources
Sl. No	Problems Facing	Respondents	%
1	Lack of resources	40	30.77
2	Lack of Staff	30	23.08
3	Lack of Services	40	30.77
4	Inconvenient Seating	10	7.69
5	Distance of the Library	10	7.69
Total		130	100

 

As in the table it says that while searching /using the information sources respondents face some problems. For 40(30.76%) of the respondent’s face lack of resources issues in the taluk public library. For 30(23.07%) of the respondents says lack of trained staff/staff in the library. For 40(30.07%) of the respondents observe that lack of services. For 10(7.69%) of the respondent’s experience inconvenient seating and same quantity respondents face distance of the library. In these problems majority of the respondents are saying resources and services are lack in the public libraries.

 

9. Major Findings, Suggestions And Conclusions

9.1. Major Findings of the Study

In the Process of collection of Primary data from the libraries some of the findings are evolved in the process of analysis. They are as follows.

·        In gender distribution: 73.07% of the respondents are Male respondents.

·        Age distribution:40% of the respondents were belong to the age group of between 46 to 55.

·        Education Qualification: 53.8% of the respondents who are using the library is Degree Holders.

·        Occupation Status: 89(86.46%) of the respondents are come under Students Category.

·        Marriage Status:82(63.07%) of the respondents were unmarried.

·        Frequency of visiting the Taluk public library: 98(75.38%) of the respondents are visiting the library on daily basis.

·        Time Spent in the library: 50(38.46%) of the respondents spent more than 4 hours daily in the library.

·        Purpose of Visiting taluk public library: 90(69.23%) of the respondents are visiting library to read newspapers and magazines.

·        Level of Satisfaction of the Taluk Library Collections available: 98(75.38%) of highly satisfied with reference books, 110(84.61%) ofsatisfied with the newspapers.

·        Awareness of Taluk Library Services:112(86.15%) of the respondents are aware of reference services, and circulation services like borrowing and lending services.

 

9.2. Suggestions

The Utilisation of Library resources and services effectively in taluk libraries, need some developments and encouragement to achieve the goals. To achieve the goals of the library here some suggestions are there. some of them follow as

1)     Identification of Community Needs: To solve the problem we have to know first what is the problem hence first the needs of the users are collected by specific information like survey etc to meet their needs.

2)     Diversify the Resources: In the digital era expanding the library collections it includes both Electronics and physical resources with electronic setup.

3)     Digital Environment development: Improvement of digital infrastructure in the libraries to provide access to online collections and also offers literary programs to enhance the use of digital resources effectively.

4)     Promote local content: Promote the local authors and content creators to contribute to library collection. Showcase the culture, history and traditions of local bodies in the library collections.

5)    Assistance for education: Create peaceful environment especially to the students during exam times.

 

9.3. Conclusion

Public libraries have made an effort to evaluate the reading preferences of its patrons. Findings show the current state of reading habits among patrons of public libraries, who often represent the general populace of a community. Even in the digital age, when social media has taken over people's free time, it is evident that many individuals regularly visit the library. Most patrons come to the library every day to study, read newspapers, borrow books, and get ready for commuter tests. It is recommended that the library add the newest collections of books, magazines, periodicals, and other materials to better serve its patrons' needs. Since the majority of services are unaware of available resources and services, appropriate user education campaigns are conducted to assist users.

Students and members of the working class visit the library more frequently to meet their information demands. However, the primary reasons why teenagers, housewives, and older citizens visit the library are for amusement and to read. People's reading habits can be greatly improved by using digital resources. It is advised that public libraries prioritize acquiring both traditional and digital materials in accordance with patron needs. Users of public libraries have consistent reading habits, yet they feel at ease reading in a digital setting.

 

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

None. 

 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

None.

 

REFERENCES

Afzal, M., & Ahmad, P. (2022). The National Library of Pakistan: A survey of users' satisfaction. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-7.

Balasubramaniyan, M., & Karuppaiah, K. (2023). Awareness and use of Public Library Services: With Special Reference to District Central Library, Erode. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), 21(6).

Gurumurthy, K. (2023). Use of library Resources and Services by the Research Scholars of Vijayanagar Sri Krishnadevaraya University Ballari: A Case Study. Research Journal of Library Sciences, 11(2), 9-14.

Haider, M. S., Ya, C., & Hussain, M. (2023). Services of Public Libraries in the age of Technology: A Pakistani Perspective. SAGE Open, 13(4), 21582440231201745. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231201745

Hussain, M., Parveen, A., & Faqir, K. (2022). The Status of Resources and Services in the Public Libraries of Sindh, Pakistan: A Study. Library Philosophy and Practice.

Kasthuri, S., Radha, G., & Thirumagal, A. (2022). The Impact of Library Awareness Among Public in District Central Library, Tirunelveli. Library Philosophy and Practice.

Killedar, S. A., & Hande, S. (2023). A Study of Public Library Services in Radha Nagari Tahsil.

Kishor, N., & Bhakt, V. (2023). User Satisfaction Survey of Public Library: A Study of District Library, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan. AGPE The Royal Gondwana Research Journal of History, Science, Economic, Political and Social Science, 4(9), 14-23.

Munshi, S. A., & Ansari, M. A. (2021). Collections and Services of Public Libraries in West Bengal, India: An Evaluative Study Against the Backdrop of the IFLA Guidelines. IFLA Journal, 47(2), 250-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035221997110

Mushtaq, A., & Arshad, A. (2022). Public Library use, Demographic Differences in Library use, and Users' Perceptions of Library Resources, Services, and Place. Library Management, 43(8-9), 563-576. https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-01-2022-0002