An Ayurvedic perspective of Dysmenorrhoea WSR to kashtartav 

 

Bhagwan Karale ¹ , Vishnu Bawane ²

 

¹ Associate Professor, Department of PT and SR, B.R. Harane Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Center, Karav Vangani, Maharashtra, India

² Professor and HOD, Department of PT and SR, B.R. Harane Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Center, Karav Vangani, Maharashtra, India

 

1. INTRODUCTION

In present era, due to fast food, fast lifestyle, lack of exercise and stressful life, women are facing various vyadhi allied to menstruation.

Dysmenorrhoea is one of the burning health issue of women’s health. Dysmenorrhoea is painful periods or menstrual cramps or pain during menstruation. Dysmenorrhoea (2022) One of the review studies revealed that about 25-30% adult women and 75% of adolescences experiences symptoms of pain during menstruation. Out of that 05-20% reporting severe Dysmenorrhoea. Rao (2008)

Dysmenorrhoea is term derived from Greek words. Dys mean difficulty or painful, men mean monthly and orrhoea mean flow or discharge. Sonika (2021)

 

2. Causes of Dysmenorrhoea

Dysmenorrhoea can occur with or without any underlying problem. Its common in women who having irregular or heavy periods or early menarche, adenomyosis, cyst, or uterine fivers are causes of Dysmenorrhoea. Menstrual Cycle (2022)

 Primary Dysmenorrhoea occurs without any underlying causes. Due to excess secretion of prostaglandin painful menstrual cramps occurs which called as primary Dysmenorrhoea.

Secondary Dysmenorrhoea occurs due to any underlying causes. This causes include uterine fibroids, PCOD, IUD, cancers, endometriosis.

 

3. Signs and symptoms of Dysmenorrhoea

Pain in lower abdomen is main symptom of Dysmenorrhoea. Other symptom are headache, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, fainting, backache. Oasynde and Mehulic (2014)

 

4. Differential diagnosis of Dysmenorrhoea Menstrual Cycle (2022)

·        Primary Dysmenorrhoea: In this Dysmenorrhoea pain or cramps occurs before or during menses. This pain remains up to 2-3 days. Site of pain is mostly supra pubic area, but pain can be radiating towards lower back also.

·        Endometriosis: In Endometriosis deep dyspareunia, dysuria, subfertility are symptoms found along with pelvic pain. Retroverted uterus, adnexal masses, utero-sacral nodularity reduced, urine mobility are major findings seen in rectovaginal examination.

·        Leiomyomata: cyclic pain in pelvic region with menorrhagia are common symptoms of leiomyomata.

·        Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): mostly found in sexually active women. Lower abdominal pain, motion tenderness in cervical part, tenderness in uterus with pyrexia are common symptoms of PID.

 

5. Management of Dysmennorrehea

·        Guidance to teen age girls regarding menstruation.

·        Advice for exercise.

·        Treatment of constipation, anaemia, underlying causes.

 

6. Ayurvedic view of Dysmenorrhea

In Ayurveda dysmenorrhea can compare with kashtartav. The word kashtartava is made from kashtana + artava. Kashtana mean with great difficulty Williams (2007)and artava mean substance of women’s body which monthly flow out from her body. Garde (2009)

 

 

7. Sampratigataka of Dysmenorrhea

Dosha – Vata Pradhan Tridosha.

Dhatu – Rasa, Rakata, Artava.

Upadhatu – Artava

Agni – Jatahragni, Rasagni, Raktagni.

Srotus – Rasa, Rakata, artavavaha.

Srotodushti – Sanga, and vimargagamana.

Rogmarga- Abahanter.

Stan-sansrya- Garbahshaya.

 

8. Comparison of kashtartav with Dysmenorrhea with help of mechanism of pain

·        The obstructive theory: in many cases due to stenosis of internal O.S acute bend in uterus occurs which causes obstruction to menstrual flow, resulting into irregular, spasmodic, painful menstruation. As per Ayurveda it’s called as margavarodha.

·        The hypoplasia theory: in some cases, uterus not developed and remain pre­_pubertal state. Due to that cervix unable to expel menstrual flow. Pressure of collected blood gives pain. According to Ayuvreda it’s called as alpa mansa dhatu.

·        In some cases, menstrual flow get clotted, due to that menstrual flow not easily expel out and causes pain. As per Ayurveda its causes due to kapha and it’s called as badha arthva.

·        In some cases, degenerative changes occurs at nerve supply of uterus. As per Ayurveda its causes due to vyana vata.

 

9. Ayurvedic management of Dysmenorrhea Bakshi (2019)

Vata is main dosha, which are responsible for pain symptoms. Treatment of vata is important in kashtartav. Basti is main treatment for this. Uttrrbasti, anuvasna, matrabasti are advised under this treatment. Garbahshaya balaya aushadhi and rasayana can be given to patient. Snehana and swedana, abahnataer snehana give good relief in kashtartav.

Bhadrasana, ushtrasana, gomukhasna, bajrasana are asana suggested to patients.

 

10. CONCLUSION

Now a day’s Dysmenorrhea are burning health issue of women’s health. Ayurveda can cure disease without side-effects, so there are hopes from whole world towards Ayurveda. Ayurveda routine, exercise, asana give great beneficiary effect in kashtartav (dysmenorrhea). So, its attempt of Review on dysmenorrhea WSR to kashtartav.

 

 

 

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

None. 

 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

None.

 

REFERENCES

Bakshi, S. (2019). A Critical Review on Dysmenorrhea, Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Science, 4(3),116.

Oasynde, A. S., and Mehulic, S. (2014). ‘Diagnosis and Initial Management of Dysmenorrhea, American Family Physician, 89 (5), 341-346.

Rao, K. A. (2008). Textbook of Gynaecology.Vol 2, Elsevier, A Division of Reed Elsevier India. Pvt. Limited, India, .37.

Sonika, M. S. et al. (2021). Ayurvedic View of Dysmenorrhoea,7(4), 182.

Williams, M. A. (2007). A Sanskrit English Dictionary, Bharatiya Granth Niketana, New Delhi, 266.

Menstrual Cycle (2022).

Dysmenorrhoea. (2022).

Garde, G. K. (2009). (12th ED), Saetha Vagbahata, Vagbahatakruta Ashtangarudaya and its Marathi Translation, Sharir –Stan, Garbhavakaranti Adhaya, Chapter-1, Verse No.23, Pune, Profesent Publication House, 140.

Parulekaar, S. (n.d.). Handbook of Practical Gynaecology and Obsterion, Second Edition, Vora Medical Publication, 160.